PACIFIER VS. CONDOM
PLAN YOUR FAMILY
China and India together have about 37 % of the worlds
population
 In 2006
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▪ Chinas population = 1.3 billion
▪ India’s population = 1.1 billion

China fertility rate began declining 2 decades ago

India’s fertility rate start declining more recently

Both countries have reduced their fertility rates through
government driven POPULATION CONTROL measures, but
China’s approach has been more recently

India’s effort to control the growth of its
population have had only moderate success

India has decreased from 6 children per
women to about 3 children per woman

The population growth rate however, has
remained almost unchanged
 Although birth rate has decline, so had death rate

Until 1921, India’s population was relatively
stable
 At this time, population began to increase as a
result of sanitation programs and famine - and
epidemic control measures

It population exceeded 1 billion in 2000 and
growth continues to the present day

India’s population policies and programs have gone
though 6 phases:
Phase 1: Clinic Approach

Clinics encourage family planning through contraception
and sterilization
Phase 2: Target Oriented Sterilization #1

Target numbers for vasectomies and contraceptive
distribution had to be met
Phase 3: Target Oriented Sterilization #2

Vasectomies were the main form of population control
Phase 4: Coercive Approach

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Force people to do things against their will
Family planning was mandatory and families were restricted to 3
children
Phase 5: Backlash and Recovery
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Major backlash occurred again coercive family planning
Mandatory sterilization was dropped in 1977
Emphasis was put on education, voluntary contraception and child
survival programs
Phase 6: Reproductive and Child Health Approach

Adopts heath services aimed at achieving a fertility level of 2.1
children per woman by 2010

These have not been successful everywhere :
 Partly because they were insensitive to the enormous cultural,
religious and economic differences within the country

India’s TARGET-DRIVEN policies did not focus on sustainable
birth rate reductions

Female sterilization is now the most popular method of family
planning
 Although the use of contraceptives has increased, the birth control pill and
IUD are widely mistrusted by women because of its side affects
 These methods are used today only by small proportion of India’s
Population
 There is still need to improve services to deliver these choices to couples

One of the significant impacts of India’s population control
policies is the gender gap

Gender gap refers to the abnormally high ratio of male births
to female
WHAT CAUSES THIS?
 Indian families prefer males because:
▪ Boys remain in the family home after marrying to support
and care for aging parents
▪ Boys supply farm labour and work in family businesses
▪ They carry about the family name, conduct religious rites
when parents die

The gender gap is widening
 In the past female infanticide (killing new borns) and
withholding health care resulted in the deaths of girls
 Mid 1980s- the focus changed to aborting female fetus
 The number of aborted girls from 1978-1998= 10 million

1994- Indian government passed a law
making it illegal for ultrasound operators to
tell families gender of fetus
 The use of ultra sounds to determine gender is still wide spread

“Save a Girl child” campaign:
 Introduced to improve the status of women , to encourage
parent to value female children and to highlight achievements
of young girls
 To enhance the value of girls, the
government chose a baby girl as “India’s”
billionth baby on May 11, 2000
 Some even implemented their own
campaigns:
Delhi developed a “Girl Child Protection Scheme”

A study estimated that India has about 882 girls for
every 1000 boys.

Consequence= profound

Men wishing to marry have to travel farther from their
villages, marry women from differ socio economic
groups, and look outside the country

Perhaps the shortage of women will increase women’s
status and society will pay more attention to women’s
education, economic development and health
Translation:
Why only a boy? Are
these not girls?

China has an enormous population problem

2006, In spite of drastic efforts to limit
population growth, China had 1.3 billion in a land
area that is a little smaller than Canada's!

Mid 1950- Communist government of china
decided to take dramatic steps to control
population growth
The Great Leap Forward (1958-1960)


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Food production dropped drastically
Death rate skyrocketed due to food shortages
Population declined for a short period of time
1962

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Food supply improved
Birth rates and death rates returned to their previous levels
1966-1976

Little was done to address population growth
One-Child Policy 1970-Present

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Introduced as a temporary measure to curb population growth
A woman who becomes pregnant without permission may face a large fine or
an abortion
“Granny police”
Sterilization is encouraged and in some cases required
Couples who do not follow the one child policy may be shunned by society
2002- stronger legislation
 Population and family planning must proceed with educating women,
providing jobs and improving health
Having more than one child is considered a criminal act punishable by a fine
Post 2002- many women are having more children and are facing the fine
 2008, there are indications the one-child policy may be revised

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The policies enacted by the Chinese government at
that time, as part of the Great Leap Forward and later
on the form of the One-Child policy, has profound
effects on the country’s population

Chinese officials claim that the one-child policy has
prevented 400 million births

Fertility rate has decreased from 5.8 children per
women in 1970 to 1.8 children per woman in 2007

Seems to be effective, but the costs has been great

Gender gap is increasing

Estimated 3.5 million girls were killed over a 10 year period

Policies to ensure the equality of women and to improve
education of girls have been implemented in an effort to
rectify the gender imbalance
 Shortage of women is causing parents to value their female
babies more than in the past

By 2020 40 mill Chinese men will be unable to marry
because not enough women will be available

This could lead to kidnapping and trafficking in women
Translation:
Up agricultural
production, down
population increase

There has been considerable success in both
China and India

Both have success bringing in reductions in
fertility by using government- driven
population-control measures

China’s policies have been more successful
than India’s

Get back into your original Spaceship groups!

You are now faced with the task of creating a
national campaign to raise awareness of
population growth and targeting the issue of
favoritism of boys

Ensure you have a key message/slogan to get
across to your target audience!
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You will present this at the end of class