REVIEW GUIDE FOR BIOLOGY – HONORS BIO. 2012
The following has been compiled in an effort to help you prepare for the Biology EOCT which will count as 20% of your semester grade and be
recorded on your transcript. It includes a link to the Georgia DOE website for a practice EOCT, the Georgia Performance Standards and associated
terms and ideas with which you should be familiar.
A.
The Georgia Dept. of Education address is http://www.doe.k12.ga.us. Once at the site scan the text on the page and under “How
to” look at the Student column. Choose Prepare for EOCT. On the next page under “Primary Assessments” choose EOCT. On the
next screen scan the menu on the Right hand side for EOCT Released Tests and then choose Biology. This will provide you will a
sample test from the state. Remember it is an example of the type of questions you may receive. There is a huge question bank
from which questions are randomly chosen so the questions and degree of difficulty vary with each test session.
B.
Study the standards and vocabulary below as a refresher.
C.
Go to the following link (also on teacher blog) to view the State of Georgia Study Guide for the EOCT. It is 97 pages long so you
would probably rather bookmark it than print it!
http://www.cobbk12.org/centraloffice/accountability/Study%20Guides/EOCT%20Study%20Guides/EOCT%20
Biology%20Study%20Guide%20August%202008.pdf
SB1 – Students will analyze the nature of the relationships between structures and functions in living cells.
a. Explain the role of cell organelles in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining
homeostasis and cell reproduction.
b. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts.
c. Identify the function of the four major macromolecules (i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids.)
d. Explain the impact of water on life processes (i.e. osmosis, diffusion)
Vocabulary List
1. Prokaryotes
2. Nucleus
3. Ribosomes
4. Diffusion
5. Endocytosis
6. Carbohydrate
7. Dehydration synthesis
8. Hydrolysis
9. Monomer
10. Polymer
11. Bacterial Capsule
12. Peptidoglycan
13. Scientific Method
14. Eukaryotes
15. Chloroplasts
16. Homeostasis
17. Osmosis
18. Exocytosis
19. Classes of carbs.
20. Nucleic acids
21. Enzymes
22. Substrate
23. Active Site
24. Pinocytosis
25. Peptide Bond
26. Independent Variable
27. Plasma membrane
28. Golgi body
29. Selective permeability
30. Facilitated diffusion
31. Lock and Key Mechanism
32. Induced Fit Theory
33. Lipids (and examples)
34. Nucleotide
35. Cell wall
36. Mitochondria
37. Phagocytosis
38. Denaturation of Protein
39. Dependent Variable
40. Passive Transport
41. Active Transport
42. Activation Energy
43. Amino Acids
44. Hypertonic
45. Hypotonic
46. Isotonic
47. Lysosome
48. Endoplasmic Reticulum
49. Pili
50. Protein
51. Scientific Method
SB2. Students will analyze how biological traits are passed on to successive generations.
a. Distinguish between DNA and RNA.
b. Explain the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular information.
c. Using Mendel’s laws, explain the role of meiosis in reproductive variability.
d. Describe the relationships between changes in DNA and potential appearance of new traits including :
1. Alterations during replication – insertions, deletions, substitutions
2. Mutagenic factors that can alter DNA – High energy radiation (x-rays and UltraViolet rays); Chemical
e. Compare the advantages of sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction in different situations.
f. Examine the use of DNA technology in forensics, medicine and agriculture.
Vocabulary List
1. Genetics
2. Traits
3. Nucleic Acid
4. Nucleotide
5. Nitrogen Bases (examples)
6. Double Helix
7. Hydrogen Bond
8. Replication
9. Ribose (deoxyribose)
10. Uracil
11. Frameshift Mutation
12. Recombinant Mutation
13. Mitosis
14. Prophase
15. Metaphase
16. Anaphase
17. Telophase
18. Cytokinesis
19. Asexual Reproduction
20. DNA technology
21. Transcription
22. Translation
23. DNA Fingerprinting
24. Codon
25. Anticodon
26. Dominant
27. Recessive
28. Alleles
29. Gametes
30. Heterozygous
31. Dihybrid
32. Law of dominance
33. Law of Independent Assort.
34. Diploid
35. Sperm
36. Zygote
37. Gene mutation
38. Monohybrid
39. Egg
40. Law of Segregation
41. Meiosis
42. Gametes
43. Genetic Recombination
44. Insertions
45. Deletions
46. Substitutions
47. Mutagenic Factors
48. Genotype
49. tRNA
50. mRNA
51. Phenotype
52. Electrophoresis
53. GMO
54. haploid
55. Cloning
SB3 Students will derive the relationship between single-celled and multi-celled organisms and the increasing complexity of systems.
a. Explain the cycling of energy through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration.
b. Compare how structures and function vary between the six kingdoms (Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae
and Animalia.) Also know the characteristics of each kingdom
c. Examine the evolutionary basis of modern classification systems.
d. Compare and contrast viruses with living organisms.
Vocabulary List
1. Energy
2. Endergonic Reaction
3. Exergonic Reaction
4. Chlorophyll
5. Carbon Fixation
6. Taxonomy
7. Fungi
8. Bioluminescence
9. Light Reactions
10. Cellular Respiration
11. Lysogenic Cycle
12. Endotherm
13.Plantae
14. ADP
15. ATP
16. Calvin Cycle
17. Classification
18. Archaebacteria
19. Animalia
20. Phosphorylation
21. Photosynthesis
22. Thylakoids
23. Heterotroph
24. Ectotherm
25. 7 Levels of Classification
37. Endosymbiont Theory
26. Invertebrate
38. Infolding Theory
27. Vertebrate
39. Phylogenic Trees
28. Chitin
40. Chemiosmosis
29. Virus
41. Substrate Level Phosphor.
30. Lytic Cycle
42. Alcoholic Fermentation
31. Anaerobic Respiration
43. Lactic Acid Fermentaion
32. Aerobic Respiration
44. Stroma
33. Glycolysis
45. Animalia
34. Grana
46. Eubacteria
35. Autotroph
47. Cristae, Matrix
36. Theory of Unicellular to Multicellular Organisms
SB4 Students will assess the dependence of all organisms on one another and the flow of energy and matter within their ecosystems.
a. Investigate the relationships among organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems and biomes.
b. Explain the flow of matter and energy through ecosystems by –
1. Arranging components of a food chain according to energy flow.
2. Comparing the quantity of energy in the steps of an energy pyramid.
3. Explaining the need for cycling of major nutrients (C,O,H,N,P)
c.
Relate environmental conditions to successional changes in ecosystems.
d. Assess and explain human activities that influence and modify the environment such as global warming, population growth,
pesticide use and water and power consumption.
e. Relate plant adaptations, including tropisms, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions.
f. Relate animal adaptations, including behaviors, to the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions.
Vocabulary List
1. Ecology
12. Population Density
23. Cycles (C,H2O, N, P)
2. Imprinting
13. Biomes
24. Primary Succession
3. Biosphere
15. Primary Producer, etc.
26. Greenhouse Effect
4. Biotic Factors
16. Autotroph (producer)
27. Biomagnification (DDT)
5. Abiotic Factors
17. Heterotroph (consumer)
28. Hibernation
6. Levels of Organization
18. Decomposer
29. Mimicry
7. Organisms
19. Trophic level
30. Warning Coloration
8. Populations
20. Food chain
31. Cryptic Coloration
9. Communities
21. Food web
32. Parasitism
10. Ecosystems
22, Saprophyte
33. Commensalism
** Know the difference in renewable and non-renewable resources and examples of each
34. Nitrogen fixation
35. Energy Pyramid
37. Exponential Growth Curve
38. Acid Rain
39. Phototropism
40. Thigmotropism
41. Gravitropism (geotropism)
42. Mutualism
43. Phototropism
44. Numbers Pyramid
45. Biomass Pyramid
SB5 Students will evaluate the role of natural selection in the development of the theory of evolution.
a. Trace the history of the theory.
b. Explain the history of life in terms of biodiversity, ancestry and the rates of evolution
c. Explain how fossil and biochemical evidence support the theory.
d. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms.
e. Recognize the role of evolution to biological resistance (pesticide and antibiotic resistance)
Vocabulary List
1. Darwin
2. Adaptations
3. Population Genetics
4. Natural Selection
5. Convergent Evolution
6. Biodiversity
7. Species Diversity
8. Speciation
9. Fitness
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Reproductive Isolation
Adaptive Radiation
Divergent Evolution
Mutation
Ecosystem Diversity
Genetic Diversity
Extinction
Analogous Structures
Vestigial Structures
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Wallace
29.
Lamarck
30.
Gradualism
31.
Punctuated Equilibrium
32.
Radioisotopes (half-life)
33.
Relative Dating
34.
Homologous Structures
Biochemical Evidence
4 Principles of Natural Selection
Gene Pool
Microevolution
Genetic Drift
Founder Effect
Bottleneck Effect
Cladograms