WARM-UP
1)
2)
3)
4)
Write your homework – leave it to be
stamped!
Update your Table of Contents!
Get your homework out to be checked!
Pick up your test from the counter to take
home.
Date
Session
#
11/5
&
11/6
2
Activity
Page
#
Plate Tectonics Note Guide
3
HOMEWORK: Tectonic Plate Map Analysis
4
QUICK REVIEW…
 Layers




of the Earth
Crust (2 types)
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
 Earth’s
crust & the
very top solid
portion of the
mantle form the
lithosphere
 The lithosphere sits
on top of the liquid
asthenosphere
HOW???
LAW OF UNIFORMITARIANISM
Law of Uniformitarianism:
States that Earth is an
always changing place
 The same forces of
change are at work today
that were at work in the
past.
 Some changes are
gradual; some changes
are fast…some times
both!
SINKHOLES

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUjo3K_00tY
 Would
you categorize them as a fast
change, a slow change, or both?
 They seem to be getting more
common…WHY?
SOME THINGS HAPPEN SLOWLY,
WHILE OTHERS HAPPEN QUICKLY,
BUT WHAT THEY BOTH HAVE IN
COMMON IS A LOT OF THEM STEM
FROM MOVEMENT …BUT
MOVEMENT OF WHAT????
HINT:
TECTONIC PLATES

The Lithosphere is broken into many large and small
slabs of rock called tectonic plates and where two plates
meet, a lot of changes can occur.
TECTONIC PLATES
 The
How do
the
tectonic
plates
move?
plates move because
of convection currents.
 The hot, soft rock in the
mantle rises…then it
cools, and sinks.
TECTONIC PLATES
There are 3
types of
plate
boundaries
1.
Divergent
2. Convergent
3. Transform
SUBDUCTION
 When
one tectonic plate
sinks under another plate
What is
IT CAN ONLY HAPPEN
SUBduction? WHEN…
 Continental
& oceanic plate
collide = oceanic plate
ALWAYS sinks because it is
more DENSE.
 Oceanic
& oceanic plate
collide = the more dense
plate sinks!
DIVERGENT

Key word: Divide
DIVERGENT
DIVERGENT
 What
occurs at this
boundary?
New Crust
Forms
Mid-ocean
Ridges
Rift Valleys
Earthquakes
Volcanoes

REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES :
Divergent Boundary

Mid-Ocean Ridges like the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
CONVERGENT
Key
3
word: Collide
types of convergent:
Continentalcontinental
Oceanic-oceanic
Oceanic-continental

CONVERGENT:
CONTINENTAL-CONTINENTAL
CONVERGENT:
CONTINENTAL-CONTINENTAL
What
occurs at
this boundary?
High
mountains
Earthquakes
REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES:
Continental-Continental Convergent
 High
Mountains like the Himalayas
CONVERGENT:
OCEANIC-OCEANIC
CONVERGENT:
OCEANIC-OCEANIC
 What
occurs at this
boundary?
Deep-ocean
Trenches
Volcanic
Islands
Earthquakes

Hawaii is NOT on a
plate boundary!
REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES:
Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent

Deep-ocean trenches like the Mariana Trench
CONVERGENT:
OCEANIC- CONTINENTAL
CONVERGENT:
OCEANIC-CONTINENTAL
What
occurs at
this boundary?
Deep-ocean
trenches
Coastal
mountains
(some are
volcanic)
Earthquakes

REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES:
Continental-Oceanic Convergent

Coastal mountains like the Andes Mountains on
the coast of South America
TRANSFORM

Key word:
Slide
TRANSFORM
TRANSFORM
What
occurs at this
boundary?
Faults
Earthquakes

REAL-WORLD EXAMPLES:
Transform Boundary

Faults, like the San Andreas Fault in California
LANDFORMS VS.
EVENTS
PLATE MOTION SIMULATION


http://www.sepuplhs.org
/middle/iaes/students/si
mulations/SEPUP_Plate
_simulation.swf
Go to the site above so
you can see a simulation
of the tectonic plate
movement we talked
about today!
HOMEWORK: TECTONIC PLATE
MAP ANALYSIS
WARM-UP
1)
2)
3)
4)
Write your homework – leave it to be stamped!
Update your Table of Contents for today!
Get your homework out to be checked!
Get a white board, marker and eraser off the
shelf in the back of the room.
Date Session
#
11/7
&
11/10
3
Activity
Page
#
Milky Way Plate Tectonic Lab (turn in for a formal grade
and tape into page 4 when returned)
5
WHITE BOARD QUICK TICKET REVIEW
 Answer
each question on the whiteboard
ON YOUR OWN!
 YOU
GET ONE CHANCE, and if you are
correct you will get a ticket!
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
Draw
and label the 4 main
layers of the Earth:
What are the 2 type of crust?
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
Explain
why the Earth’s
interior is separated into
these layers:
• DENSITY
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

If it is so hot, why is the
inner core solid?
• Because it is under so much
intense PRESSURE from the
other layers sitting on top of it.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
 Which 2 layers make up the
lithosphere?
Crust
• Mantle (solid upper portion)
•
Which
layer does the
lithosphere sit on top of?
• Asthenosphere
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
 Which layer is broken into
tectonic plates?
•
Lithosphere
What are the 3 types of
tectonic plate boundaries?

• Convergent, Divergent, Transform
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
 What is the key word that
goes with each type of
boundary that indicates the
type of movment?
•Convergent = Collide
•Divergent = Divide
•Transform = Slide
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
 What is it called when one
plate sinks beneath another?
•

Subduction
Which plate will sink?
•
The denser plate/oceanic
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
 What event occurs at all
plate boundaries?
•
Earthquakes
At which type of plate boundary
will any mountains occur?

•
Convergent
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

If new crust is created at divergent
boundaries, then why doesn’t Earth
get any bigger?
• SUBDUCTION! As new crust is formed
at a divergent boundaries, old crust is
being melted down at convergent
boundaries where subduction is occurring.
New crust is being “created” at the same
rate that old crust is being “destroyed.”
• Earth recycles itself!
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

Draw the Rock Cycle to the best of
your ability from memory!
PLATE TECTONICS REVIEW

Please turn to your note guide from last class so
you can reference it during the mini lab activity!
REVIEW: LANDFORMS VS. EVENTS
What is the difference
between a landform and
an event?
 So, when the lab asks for a
landform will you know
what to write?
 So, when the lab asks you
for an event, will you know
what to write?

MILKY WAY PLATE TECTONICS LAB


We will be doing a mini-lab with Milky Way bars
to further demonstrate your understanding of
plate tectonics and the features formed by plate
movement.
You must complete all of the questions on the lab
guide and you must follow my instructions at all
times!
Make sure your lab guide is in the
basket with your name on it at the
end of the lab for a FORMAL grade!!

WARM-UP
1)
2)
3)
Write your homework – leave it to be stamped!
Update your Table of Contents for today!
Get your Plate Tectonic Note Guide out…the one
you used for your Milky Way Lab!
Date Session
#
11/12
&
11/13
4
Activity
Page
#
Evidence that Earth is Always Changing
7
Sea-floor Spreading Simulation
8
MILKY WAY LABS
What is a landform? Give me some examples…
 What is an event? (specifically a geological event)
Give me some examples…
 So, what is the difference between a landform
and an event?
 Do you have your Plate Tectonic Note Guide out?
Use your note guide to identify your errors on
your Milky Way Lab.

REMEMBER…
It is the movement of the tectonic plates that
cause the majority of changes on Earth.
 Some changes happen quickly, while others
happen slowly, but none have been more Earth
changing than this…

HOW?
INTRO TO CONTINENTAL DRIFT…SORT
OF 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzzGPfVx32M
PANGAEA
Scientist Alfred
Wegener noticed
that Earth’s
continents seemed
to fit together like
a puzzle, so he
hypothesized that
they were once
joined in a single
“super continent”
called Pangaea
255 MILLION YEARS AGO
152 MILLION YEARS AGO
66 MILLION YEARS AGO
THE EXTINCTION OF THE DINOSAURS
PRESENT DAY POSITION
50 MILLION YEARS FROM NOW
150 MILLION YEARS FROM NOW
250 MILLION YEARS FROM NOW
CONTINENTAL DRIFT
This led to his Theory of Continental Drift – that
although the continents were once joined, they slowly
drifted apart!
But nobody believed him …why?
Wegener’s Evidence:
 1. Matching rock layers on different continents


2. Matching fossils on different continents
3. Evidence of climate change – tropical plant fossils
in cold places, ice scratches in warm places
SEA-FLOOR SPREADING


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyMLlLxbfa4
Harry Hess’ discovery turned the Theory of
Continental Drift into the Theory of Plate Tectonics!
SEA FLOOR SPREADING
 The
sea floor spreads apart at divergent
boundaries allowing new crust to
form…this new crust builds Mid-Ocean
ridges
 The
crust closest to the crack is the
youngest while the crust further from the
crack is older
MAGNETIC REVERSALS



Minerals in the magma that rise through the
cracks in the sea floor align themselves with
Earth’s magnetic poles (North and South)
As the rock cools, the minerals stay fixed in this
position, like a compass
Earth’s poles periodically reverse. The
“stripes” of rock along the ocean floor record
these reversals.
MAGNETIC REVERSALS
SEA FLOOR SPREADING SIMULATION
 Cut
Slits A, B & C as demonstrated!
 Quickly cut out your sea floor strip and tape 2
matching ends together!
 Thread the open ends up through Slit B from
the bottom
 Pull one side down through Slit A and the
other down through Slit C
SEA FLOOR
SPREADING LAB
 Read
the “Introduction to Sea Floor
Spreading”
 Answer
the Simulation
Questions
 You
may work with your
Table partner!
“CONTINENTS ADRIFT”
Conclusion Plate Tectonics & Continental Drift
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrKTuCDierM
WARM-UP
1)
2)
Write your homework – leave it to be stamped!
Update your Table of Contents for today!
Date Session
#
11/14
&
11/17
3)
4)
5
Activity
Page
#
Hawaii…How? & Hot Spot Notes
9
Mapping the Hawaiian Islands
10
HOMEWORK: Vocabulary Practice Quiz
11
Get your “Continents Adrift” questions out to be
checked!
Review your notes from sessions 1-4 for a vocab
game!
QUICK SACRIFICE REVIEW
 What
is the former “supercontinent” called?
 Why is it called Pangaea?
 The idea that the continents had slowly moved
is called…?
 Who was the scientist that proposed the idea
of both Pangaea & Continental Drift?
 Why didn’t people believe him?
 What did he use as evidence to prove his
theory?
 What LAND FORM was later discovered on
the ocean floor that supported his theory?
QUICK SACRIFICE REVIEW
 How
is this land form created?
 This discovery turned the Theory of
Continental Drift into the Theory of…?
 We further discovered that the oldest
crust was located…?
 And the youngest crust was located…?
 Not only were there age patterns, but
patterns of what else?
 Which scientist is responsible for the
discovery of the Mid-Ocean Ridge & SeaFloor Spreading?
HOT SPOTS!
Read Hawaii…How?
 Should get taped to the top of page 9

HOT SPOTS! – Reading Comprehension Sacrifice
 What
is the Earth’s lithosphere made up of?
 Where can a volcano form?
 What plate are the Hawaiian Islands on?
 Are they at a plate boundary or a hot spot?
 What is a hot spot?
 Does a hot spot move?
 So what is moving?
 How many islands has this hot spot formed
to make the Hawaiian Island chain?
 Where are there other hot spots?
HOT SPOT VIDEOS – Discovery
Education
Hot Spots: The Formation of the Hawaiian Islands
 Yellowstone’s Super Volcano: A Ticking Time Bomb

HOT SPOTS
 Hot
spots occur far from plate
boundaries.
 Magma rises and eventually melts through
the crust above it.
 The plate moves, but the hot spot stays in
the same place - creates a series of volcanic
islands or volcanoes.
 Hot spots help measure plate movement.
HOT SPOT DEMO
 As
you watch the demo write a
a 3-4 sentence description of what you
see happening on page 9:
- Analyze the movement of the screen…
- What does the screen represent?
- What does the shaving cream
represent?
- What does the side view look like?
STEP 1: MAPPING THE HAWAIIAN
HOT SPOTS!
1) Use the latitude and longitude
coordinates to locate each of the
Hawaiian islands on the map
2) Plot each island on the map –
label it with the name
LATITUDE & LONGITUDE REVIEW
 Latitude
– latitude lines are the horizontal
lines that are measured by how far North or
South they are of the Equator (0) – written
first
 Longitude
– longitude lines are the vertical
lines that are measured by how far East or
West they are of the Prime Meridian (0) –
written second
 Using
latitude and longitude is very similar
to using the X, Y coordinates on a graph
STEP 2: CALCULATING THE RATE OF MOVEMENT
Basic Formula: velocity = distance / time
Example for Midway Island:
Step 1: Convert the age into millions of years
How do we turn 27.7 into millions of years?
 27.7 x 1,000,000 = 27,700,000
Step 2: Plug the numbers into the formula
Velocity = 2,432 km / 27,700,000 years = 0.00008779km/yr
Step 3: Convert km/yr to cm/yr (there are 100,000 cm
in a km)
0.00008779 x 100,000 = 8.78
cm/yr! (round)
HOMEWORK


Complete the Vocab Practice
Quiz…and review your notes!
There will be a Vocabulary Quiz
NEXT CLASS…AND IT WON’T
ALL BE MATCHING!
KEY VOCABULARY TERMS FOR THIS
POWERPOINT…BUT DON’T FORGET THE ROCK CYCLE
WORDS!!!
Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Convection Current
Magma/Lava
Law of
Uniformitarianism
Tectonic Plates
Subduction
Divergent Boundary
Convergent Boundary
Transform Boundary
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Rift Valley
Deep-ocean Trench
Pangaea
Continental Drift
Sea floor Spreading
Magnetic Reversal
Hot Spot