Chapter 1: Catholicism
Saint Peter: First Pope who followed the letter from Jesus, considered direct
descendants of Saint Peter.
Ten Commandments = Divine laws from God
God issued his own set of laws to Moses on Mount Sinai.
1. Believe in one God
2. Love God with all your heart, soul, mind and strength
3. Go to church on Sunday
4. Obey their parents
5. Should not kill
6. Should not have a sex with people who are not wife or husband.
7. Should not steal
8. Truth and not lie
9. Should not have a sex with another people who are not wife or husband.
10.Excluding thinking
Virtues = habitual to do the good
The Cardinal Virtues
1. To live your life
2. Four virtues
2.1.
Prudence = Intellect / less mistakes/ less error/ wisdom
2.2.
Justice = will/ no cheating/ sharing and help other people
2.3.
Fortitude = courage/ keep doing it
2.4.
Temperance = desire/ self-control
Seven Principle of Catholic Social teaching.
1. Respect the human person = Human right
2. Promote the family = Family is basic unit of the family
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Protect property right = The right to private property
Work for the common good = Participation/ Human flourishing/ Solidarity
Observe the principle of subsidiary = Common good
Respect work and the worker = Forming union and association
Pursue peace and care for the poor = Just ordering society
Chapter 2: Buddhism
**Enlightenment, Nirvana, 4 Nobel truths, 5 precepts
 Enlightenment to Nirvana
 Cycle of rebirth = life in endless and nothing can last
The four Nobel truths = Four principle of Buddhism
1. Dukkha = suffering
2. Samudaya = origin of suffering
3. Nirodha = cessation of suffering ** Nirvana = mean extinguishing
4. Magga = path to the cessation of suffering
The eightfold path
5 precepts of Buddhism explained.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The first precept is to not kill. It is very negative to kill someone
The second precept is to not steal.
The third precept is to not indulge a sexual misconduct.
The fourth precept is not to tell lies. If there are so many problems at this
time it is greatly due to lie.
5. The fifth precept is to not use up alcohol or more widely eveything
intoxicant.
Chapter 3: Islamism
**Five Pillars, Stability of the moral code
Live by its deep fait of loving, conscious submission to God
Relationship between morals and faith = always come together, cannot be separate.
5 Pillars
1. Faith or belief in the Oneness of God and the finality of the prophet hood of
Muhammad;
2. Establishment of the daily prayers;
3. Concern for and almsgiving to the needy;
4. Self-purification through fasting; and
5. The pilgrimage to Makah for those who are able
Stability of moral code
Morality:
- manner, character and proper behavior
- Guide the human race in how to achieve it.
1. Basic Principle in Islamic Morality
- Belief in one God as the creator and sustainer of universe
- Qur’an holy book
2. Morality and the individual
3. Morality and Society
The Five Pillars of Islam
Islam has five primary obligations, or pillars of faith, that each Muslim must
fulfill in his or her lifetime. They are as follows
1.Shahadah, profession of faith, is the first pillar of Islam.
2.Salah, prayer, is the second pillar. The Islamic faith is based on the belief
that individuals have a direct relationship with God.
3.Zakat, almsgiving, is the third pillar. Social responsibility is considered
part of one's service to God; the obligatory act of zakat enshrines this duty.
4.Sawm, fasting during the holy month of Ramadan, is the fourth pillar of
Islam. Ordained in the Holy Qur'an, the fast is an act of deep personal worship in
which Muslims seek a richer perception of God.
5.Hajj, the pilgrimage to Makkah, is the fifth pillar and the most significant
manifestation of Islamic faith and unity in the world.
Believe in supreme God: Brahman
Believe in other Gods: Specify only three Gods.
- Brahman: creator
- Vishnu: Preserver and protector of creation
- Shiva: The destroyer of the world.
1. Dharma = Ethic & Duty
2. Karma = Right an action
**Reincarnation =Rebirth (Samsara)
**Moksha = Liberation from the cycle of Samsara
The 10 Yamas - Restraints or Proper Conduct
1. Ahimsa or Non-injury
2. Satya or Truthfulness
3. Asteya or Nonstealing
4. Brahmacharya or Sexual Purity
5. Kshama or Patience
6. Dhriti or Steadfastness
7. Daya or Compassion
8. Arjava or Honesty
9. Mitahara or Moderate Diet
10.Saucha or Purity
The 10 Niyamas - Observances or Practices
1. Hri or Modesty
2. Santosha or Contentment
3. Dana or Charity
4. Astikya or Faith
5. Ishvarapujana or Worship of the Lord
6. Siddhanta Sravana or Scriptural Listening
7. Mati or Cognition
8. Vrata or Sacred Vows
9. Japa or Incantation
10.Tapas or Austerity
Chapter 5: Confucianism
Confucian ethics are described as humanistic. This ethical philosophy can
be practiced by all the members of a society. Confucian ethics is characterized by
the promotion of virtues, encompassed by the Five Constants, or the Wuchang ,
extrapolated by Confucian scholars during the Han Dynasty. The
Five Constants are:
1. humaneness;
2. righteousness or justice;
3. proper rite;
4. knowledge;
5. integrity.
These are accompanied by the classical Sìzì, that singles out four virtues,
one of which is included among
The Five Constants:
1. loyalty;
2. filial piety;
3. continency;
4. righteousness.
Confucianism is a system of social and political morality.
**Humanism and human being
Golden rule: one should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself.
Silver rule: what you do not wish for yourself, do not do to other.
Chapter 5: Jainism
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ahimsa, non‐violence
Satya, truth
Asteya, non‐stealing
Brahmacharya, celibacy (Devanagari: behavior that leads to Brahman)
** Chastity for lay Jains: Lay Jains may have sexual relationships and have
children.
5. Aparigraha, non‐possession
Jainism is perhaps the only religion in the world that requires all its
adherents to follow a strict vegetarian diet. Vegetarian food that also involves
more harm to the living beings such as roots, bulbs, multi seeded vegetables etc.
are avoided by strict Jains.
A Jain layman, on account of his household and occupational compulsions,
is unable to adhere to the five major vows of ascetic. Hence he observes aṇuvrata
or minor vows which although are similar to the major vows of the ascetics are
observed with a lesser severity.
Chapter 5: Sikhism





Three Principles of Sikhism
Guru Nanak Dev, the first Sikh Guru, taught three fundamental principles:
Kirat Karo ‐ Work hard and honestly
Wand Ke Chhako ‐ Share what you have with the needy
Naam Jappo ‐ Always remember God throughout the day
*Doing good actions
1. Jainism is 5 largest world religion.
2. Believe in one God
3. Everyone is equal
4. Being a good person
5. Share with other
6. No case or no class
**Three duties: Pray, work, give
5 K’s
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Uncut hair: obedience
A comb: cleanliness
Steel bangle: no being and no end
Short trouser: living old ideas behind
A sword: symbol dignity and self-respect