The Periodic Table
Section 1: Introduction to the Periodic Table
Skim Section 1 of your book.
Write three
questions that come to mind from reading the
headings and looking at the illustrations.
1. How was the periodic table developed?
2. What are metals, nonmetals and metalloids?
3. How is the periodic table organized?
New Vocabulary
group
• column of elements in the periodic table that have similar physical
or chemical properties.
metalloid
representative
element
metal
•
element that shares some properties with metals and some with
nonmentals
• element in Groups 1, 2, or 13-18
•
transition
metal
element that has a shiny luster, is a good conductor of heat and
electricity, is malleable, and is ductile
•
element in Groups 3-12
nonmetal
•
element that is usually a gas or brittle solid at room temperature and
does not conduct heat and electricity well
•
row of elements in the periodic table whose properties change
gradually
period
Section 1: Introduction to Periodic Table
History of the Periodic Table
I. Mendeleev’s contributions
A. Arranged elements according to increasing atomic mass
B. Placed elements with similar properties in groups
C. Left spaces for predicted missing elements
II. Moseley’s contributions
A. Arranged elements according to atomic number
B. Showed how many elements had not yet been found.
Section 1: Introduction to Periodic Table
Distinguish a period from a group by completing the sentences.
A period is
a row of elements.
A group is
column of elements with similar properties.
Metals
• shiny
• malleable
(hammer)
• ductile (wires)
• good conductor
of heat, electricity
• solids
Nonmetals
• dull
• brittle (break)
• not good
Metalloids
• share some
properties with
metals and some
conductors
with nonmetals
• many are gases • semimetal
LABEL the block below with the information you would find
about hydrogen in its element key.
symbol
atomic mass
Hydrogen
element name
1
atomic number
1.008
state of matter
GROUPS
REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS
1
1
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
2
13 14 15 16 17
INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS
2
3
4
5
6
P 7
E
R
I
O
D
S
18
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Section 2: Representative Elements
1
18
2
13 14 15 16 17
Section 2 Representative
Elements
•
A. Groups 1 and 2 areACTIVE
__________________ metals found in nature combined with other elements
•
although hydrogen is placed in Group 1, it is not a metal and shares properties with Groups 1 &
ALKALI
METALS
17.
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
•1.
______________________ - silvery solids with low densities and low melting points; they
•
increase in reactivity from top to bottom of the periodic table.
METALS
NONMETALS
METALLOIDS
BORON FAMILY
•2.
_______________________________ are denser, harder, have higher melting points and are
CARBON GROUP
•
slightly less active than alkali metals in the same period.
LIVING THINGS
SEMICONDUCTORS
•
B. Groups 13 throughLEAD
18 may contain ___________________, _______________________, or
Section 2 Representative
Elements
GROUP
The NITROGEN
_____________________________
contains nitrogen and phosphorus, which are
required
•3.
•
•
OXYGEN FAMILY
by living things and which are used in industry.
HALOGEN GROUP
•4.
life
The _____________________________ contains oxygen and sulfur, which are essential for
NOBLE GASES
•
•
and used to manufacture many products.
•5.
The _____________________________ elements form salts with sodium and with the other
•
Groups 1 and 2: Summarize the properties of the alkali metals.
Density
LOW
Color &
State
SILVERY SOLIDS
Melting
Point
Alkali
Metals
LOW
Reactivity
HIGH; INCREASES FROM TOP TO
BOTTOM
Compare and contrast: the alkaline earth metals and the alkali metals.
The alkaline earth metals are harder, denser and have higher melting
points than the alkali metals. The alkali metals are more reactive.
Groups 13 through 18: Summarize the information about elements in the
Boron Family by filling in the missing words.
•
METALS
All the elements in group 13 are ____________
except
BORON
•
_____________, which is a metalloid. The elements in
this
BORON
•
family are used to make many different things.ALUMINUM
Pots and
GALLIUM
•
pans made with ______________ can move straight from
Section 2 Representative Elements
COMPARE the elements in the carbon group
Metal, Nonmetal, or
Metalloid?
Where it is Found
or How it is Used?
Carbon
nonmetal
occurs in all living things
Silicon
metalloid
abundant in sand
Germanium
metalloid
semiconductors in electronics
Tin
metal
used in toothpaste
Lead
metal
used in X-ray equipment
Complete the outline to identify important points about certain
elements in Groups 15 and 16.
•I.
Group 15
•A.
•B.
•II.
Nitrogen
important
for
healthy
bones
and
teeth
__________________: makes up about 80% of the air you breathe.
needed by your body to get energy from food
Phosphorus: ____________________________________________________________.
Sulfur
Group 16
•A.
•B.
conducts electricity when it is in light
makes
salts with sodium and other alkali metals
Oxygen: _________________________________________________________________.
often do not combine with other elements
__________________: combines with hydrogen and oxygen to make sulfuric acid, one of
Section 3 Transition Elements
Catalyst: substance that can make
something happen faster but is not
changed itself.
IDENTIFY four key characteristics of the transition elements including
their location in the periodic table.
1. Located in groups 3-12
_______________________________________________________
__ All are metals
2.
Properties change less across a period for transition
_______________________________________________________
elements than they do for representative elements
__
Most are found combined in ores
3.
_______________________________________________________
__
_______________________________________________________
__
Section 3 Transition Elements
Iron Triad
What these elements have in common:
__________________________
iron
Element: ________
Uses:
part of hemoglobin;
mixed with other
metals to make steel
magnetic and other properties
cobalt
Element: ________
Uses:
used in large magnets
nickel
Element: ________
Uses:
used in batteries and
large magnets
Identify uses of transition elements.
Elements
Uses
Tungsten
used to make filaments in lightbulbs
Mercury
used in thermometers and barometers
Elements in
Platinum Group
used as catalysts to make electronics,
plastics and medicines
Compare and Contrast the lanthanides and actinides
Properties
Uses
Lanthanides
Actinides
soft metals; cut with a
knife; hard to separate
from ores
radioactive; most are
synthetic (man-made)
used in flints; color TV
screens
fuel in nuclear power
plants; smoke detectors;
kill cancer cells
Summarize how scientists create synthetic elements.
•Using
a particle accelerator scientists make
____________________________
crash into one another at high
speeds
may stick together
the nuclei of atoms
new, heavier elements
•_____________________________________________.
The nuclei
very unstable
a fraction of a second
•___________________________
to form
Identify two ways dentists and orthodontists use transition
_________________________________.
elements.
Amalgam fillings include
1.
mercury.
•Some of these elements
are _________________________ and last only
____________________________________________________________
Orthodontists use nickel and titanium alloys for
wires.
2.
•_____________________________________.
____________________________________________________________
ALKALI
METALS
GROUP 1: ALKALI METALS
silvery solids with low densities
found in many things - salts & foods
Lose 1 electron
ALKALI
METAL
S
ALKALINE
EARTH
METALS
GROUP 2: ALKALINE EARTH METALS
denser and harder than alkali metals
not as reactive
Lose 2 electrons
BORON
FAMILY
ALKALI
METAL
S
ALKALINE
EARTH
METALS
GROUP 13: BORON FAMILY
used in pots and pans, cans and computer chips
Lose 3 electrons
BORON
FAMILY
CARBON
GROUP
ALKALI
METAL
S
ALKALINE
EARTH
METALS
GROUP 14: CARBON GROUP
carbon is found in all living things
silicon is in sand and used as semiconductor
Gain or Lose 4 electrons
BORON
FAMILY
CARBON
GROUP
NITROGE
N
FAMILY
ALKALI
METAL
S
ALKALINE
EARTH
METALS
GROUP 15: NITROGEN GROUP
nitrogen makes up 80% of the air; it’s absorbed in
the body by eating plants
phosphorus is used in matches
Gain 3 electrons
BORON
FAMILY
CARBON
GROUP
NITROGEN
FAMILY
OXYGEN
FAMILY
ALKALI
METAL
S
ALKALINE
EARTH
METALS
GROUP 16: OXYGEN FAMILY
oxygen is essential for life; makes up 20% of
Earth’s atmosphere (ozone)
sulfur is used in paints and fertilizers
Gain 2 electrons
BORON
FAMILY
CARBON
GROUP
NITROGEN
FAMILY
OXYGEN
FAMILY
HALOGEN
S
ALKALI
METAL
S
ALKALINE
EARTH
METALS
GROUP 17: THE HALOGENS
the salt formers - combine with alkali metals (NaCl)
chlorine is used to kill bacteria in water (swimming
pool)
Gain 1 electron
BORON
FAMILY
CARBON
GROUP
NITROGEN
FAMILY
OXYGEN
FAMILY
HALOGEN
S
NOBLE
GASES
ALKALI
METAL
S
ALKALINE
EARTH
METALS
GROUP 18: THE NOBLE GASES
all gases
do not like to combine with other elements
used in lightbulbs, lights
GAIN/LOSE 0 ELECTRONS
LANTHANIDE
S
BORON
FAMILY
CARBON
GROUP
NITROGEN
FAMILY
OXYGEN
FAMILY
HALOGEN
S
NOBLE
GASES
ALKALI
METAL
S
ALKALINE
EARTH
METALS
LANTHANIDE
S
ACTINIDE
S
BORON
FAMILY
CARBON
GROUP
NITROGEN
FAMILY
OXYGEN
FAMILY
HALOGEN
S
NOBLE
GASES
ALKALI
METAL
S
ALKALINE
EARTH
METALS
IRON
TRIAD
LANTHANIDE
S
ACTINIDE
S
BORON
FAMILY
CARBON
GROUP
NITROGEN
FAMILY
OXYGEN
FAMILY
HALOGEN
S
NOBLE
GASES
ALKALI
METAL
S
ALKALINE
EARTH
METALS
IRON
TRIAD
LANTHANIDE
S
ACTINIDE
S
PLATINUM
GROUP
BORON
FAMILY
CARBON
GROUP
NITROGEN
FAMILY
OXYGEN
FAMILY
HALOGEN
S
NOBLE
GASES
ALKALI
METAL
S
ALKALINE
EARTH
METALS