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Definition of AI Simulation Technologies
• AI is a branch of computer science in which developers attempt to replicate and improve upon the cognitive aspects of human and animal functions using artificial or nonnaturally occurring computing devices. AI based Simulation
Technologies are computer applications that provide a realistic environment that adapts to the user in order to increase skill or knowledge. Military personnel use AI based
Simulation Technologies to hone pilot, vehicle driver , system administrator and infantry skills

Student Retention is at the Forefront of
Higher Education
• Explosive growth in online degree offerings and students taking online courses
– Fall 2011 total of 6.7 million students taking at least one online course (Allen & Seaman, 2013)
– Online enrollment has steadily increased as a percent of total enrollment each year since 2002 (Allen & Seaman,
2013)
– In recent years there has been a significant increase in students enrolling exclusively in distance education courses (Ginder, 2014)

Online Learning in Numbers
Source: Allen & Seaman, 2013

Online Learning

Program Description
• Military community represents an increasing population at higher education institutions (Byman, 2007)
– Education community must be prepared to meet learning, professional, personal needs
– Student retention rates have steadily decreased since the early 1980s (Bean, 1980; Lederman, 2009)
– The military community can benefit from new strategies and programs designed for retention (Lascher &
Offenstein, 2013; Tinto, 2006-2007)
– Military community members must take initiative and seek out program's designed to help them (O’Herrin,
2011).

Program Description
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) simulations can be used , by students, to learn skills such as scholarly writing and mathematics
• Why?
– Students may not have mastered required skills (Varol & Varol,
2014)
– Instructors may not be available to teach skills to students who are falling behind
– Instructors may not have the time to address the shortcomings of small minority of students
– Students that fall behind tend to drop out (Kellogg & Raulerson,
2007)
– A well-developed AI simulator may assist students so that they can continue their academic courses with a greater degree of success

Purpose and Significance
• Military community members face unusual challenges affecting the amount time spent in the online classroom
– Course work and requirements should be designed around the specific needs of military community members
• Online courses that provide AI simulation experiences could provide for the needs of military community members
– Military community members are familiar with AI simulations from work and recreational activities

Purpose and Significance
• Educators may have difficulty in instructing students to the importance of addressing topics directly (Jones, 2014)
– Aligning a response with a topic may seem like a straight forward proposition for a student but that is hardly ever the case
– When writing scholarly papers many students believe that it is necessary to have long and rambling responses
– When done on a regular basis it is difficult, because of time constraints, to address each instance individually and provide proper guidance

Purpose and Significance
• It might be possible to extend the capabilities of a word processor application, or rudimentary expert system programs, to create an AI simulator that can teach the art scholarly writing
– A scholarly writing AI simulator can provide constant feedback and assessment
– A scholarly writing AI simulator helps students learn but would also provide a sense of preparedness
– Students who are prepared and complete their course work successful tend to stay in academic programs longer (Varol & Varol, 2014)

Purpose and Significance
• Building an AI scholarly writing simulator can be accomplished using the inherent capabilities of IBM’s
Watson computer system (Ferrucci, et al., 2010)
• IBM’s Watson computer bested a pair of champions on the
TV game show Jeopardy in 2011(Watson wins on jeopardy,
2011).
• IBM has built Watson so that third party application developers can use the underlying properties of Watson in their own applications (Barinka, 2013).

Scholarly Writing Simulator Using IBM’s
Watson
• Current expert systems technologies at the University of Phoenix include :
• WritePoint (by Grammarly) - a grammar checking program. It makes revision's to texts and also explains why it made the changes.
• Turnitin – An originality checker that is used to ensure that a given work is properly cited
• Furture SWS technologies would incorporate the functionality of both
Writepoint and Turinitin but include the ability to understand the text syntactically and semantically
• SWS will be built to be able to spot machine generated scholarly texts like the type that have plagued the IEEE (Van Noorden,2014).

Scholarly Writing Simulator Using IBM’s
Watson
• What is a Scholarly Writing Simulator (SWS)?
• The notional SWS is a word processor extension that allows an individual to train to write scholarly texts in a particular format such as APA, MLA or Chicago
• It provides an evaluation of content while the text is being written
• looks for additional source material that is relevant
• It provides suggestions that might help make the text align better with the subject
• It asks questions while the text is being written to understand the Authors intent.

Scholarly Writing Simulator Using IBM’s
Watson
• The SWS is built on Watson
• Watson is a cognitive computing system capable of utilizing unstructured natural language to form a hypothesis based on evidence
• Watson can answer questions and evaluative texts much like a human can
• Watson is a type of expert system
• Watson is used in hospitals?
• IBM Watson's business chief Manoj Saxena says that 90% of nurses who use Watson now follow its guidance (Upbin, 2013)
• The Mayo clinic is analyzing the medical records of patients with breast, colorectal, and lung cancer to look for factors leading to causation (Strickland, 2014)

Scholarly Writing Simulator Using IBM’s
Watson
High-level Architecture of IBM's
Watson used as Scholarly Writing
Simulator
Text Input
SWS Core Services in Watson Cloud
Sequence
Repeats
Reference
Source Expert
System
Domain knowledge
Expert system
APA format
Expert system
Symantec and
Syntactic Evaluation
APA
Format Evaluation and suggestions
Unstructured
Information
Management
Architecture
(UIMA)
Graphic
Expert system
Reference
Source &
Citation Expert
System
Author provides additional Information two SWS concerning suggestions provided
NLP
Engine
Author
Question and
Answer Feedback
Expert System
Questions asked of author concerning intent
Knowledge Domian
Identification and evaluation
Graphs, Tables and pictures evaluated
Feedback to
Author from SWS
Author acts / does not act on feedback

Demo
Text Input:
SWS Analysis Begins
Interpersonal Conflict as a Strategy in IT
Information Technology (IT) teams are by nature are independent teams much like a track team or a wrestling team. In order for a project to be completed on time every member of the team must complete the tasks assigned to them as completely and professionally as possible. An IT team relies on a central authority, usually a project manager, to deconstruct a project in a way that allows each team and each team member to complete a portion of the project (Cordery, Morrison, Wright, & Wall, 2010). The central idea of this method is to aggregate each completed sub-project portion until it can be said that the entire project is complete. A project manager uses many different control measures, such as mile stones, inspections and unit tests to ensure that the project is progressing apace (Shetach, 2009). Conflict and competition are just two more of those control measures (Breugst, Patzelt, Shepherd, & Aguinis,
2012). It seems counter intuitive that incentives that promote interpersonal competition between team mates would actually have the effect of increasing the pace at which a project is completed. It also seems counter intuitive that inter personnel conflict on the team would have the effect of increasing the quality of the results attainted by the teams working on the project (Breugst, et al., 2012). However promoting interpersonal conflict between IT team mates has been proven to be a good method of increasing quality and efficiency of IT work (Cordery et al., 2010).

Demo
Symantec and
Syntactic
SWS Analysis Begins
Interpersonal Conflict as a Strategy in IT
Information Technology (IT) teams are by nature are independent teams much like a track team or a wrestling team. In order for a project to be completed on time every member of the team must complete the tasks assigned to them as completely and professionally as possible. An IT team relies on a central authority, usually a project manager, to deconstruct a project in a way that allows each team and each team member to complete a portion of the project (Cordery, Morrison, Wright, & Wall, 2010). The central idea of this method is to aggregate each completed sub-project portion until it can be said that the entire project is complete. A project manager uses many different control measures, such as mile stones, inspections and unit tests to ensure that the project is progressing apace (Shetach, 2009). Conflict and competition are just two more of those control measures (Breugst, Patzelt, Shepherd, & Aguinis,
2012). It seems counter intuitive that incentives that promote interpersonal competition between team mates would actually have the effect of increasing the pace at which a project is completed. It also seems counter intuitive that inter personnel conflict on the team would have the effect of increasing the quality of the results attainted by the teams working on the project (Breugst, et al., 2012). However promoting interpersonal conflict between IT team mates has been proven to be a good method of increasing quality and efficiency of IT work (Cordery et al., 2010).
Reference Material would not normally lead one to this conclusion, premise is false.

Demo
APA
Format Evaluation and suggestions
Interpersonal Conflict as a Strategy in IT
Information Technology (IT) teams are by nature are independent teams much like a track team or a wrestling team. In order for a project to be completed on time every member of the team must complete the tasks assigned to them as completely and professionally as possible. An IT team relies on a central authority, usually a project manager, to deconstruct a project in a way that allows each team and each team member to complete a portion of the project (Cordery, Morrison, Wright, & Wall, 2010). The central idea of this method is to aggregate each completed sub-project portion until it can be said that the entire project is complete. A project manager uses many different control measures, such as mile stones, inspections and unit tests to ensure that the project is progressing apace (Shetach, 2009). Conflict and competition are just two more of those control measures (Breugst, Patzelt, Shepherd, & Aguinis,
2012). It seems counter intuitive that incentives that promote interpersonal competition between team mates would actually have the effect of increasing the pace at which a project is completed. It also seems counter intuitive that inter personnel conflict on the team would have the effect of increasing the quality of the results attainted by the teams working on the project (Breugst, et al., 2012). However promoting interpersonal conflict between IT team mates has been proven to be a good method of increasing quality and efficiency of IT work (Adams, 2010).
Scholarly Reference for premise does not exist.
References exists in humor under Adams S. (2010 )
The World of Dilbert for current premise.

Demo
Questions asked of author concerning intent
Interpersonal Conflict as a Strategy in IT
Information Technology (IT) teams are by nature are independent teams much like a track team or a wrestling team. In order for a project to be completed on time every member of the team must complete the tasks assigned to them as completely and professionally as possible. An IT team relies on a central authority, usually a project manager, to deconstruct a project in a way that allows each team and each team member to complete a portion of the project (Cordery, Morrison, Wright, & Wall, 2010). The central idea of this method is to aggregate each completed sub-project portion until it can be said that the entire project is complete. A project manager uses many different control measures, such as mile stones, inspections and unit tests to ensure that the project is progressing apace (Shetach, 2009). Conflict and competition are just two more of those control measures (Breugst, Patzelt, Shepherd, & Aguinis,
2012). It seems counter intuitive that incentives that promote interpersonal competition between team mates would actually have the effect of increasing the pace at which a project is completed. It also seems counter intuitive that inter personnel conflict on the team would have the effect of increasing the quality of the results attainted by the teams working on the project (Breugst, et al., 2012). However promoting interpersonal conflict between IT team mates has been proven to be a good method of increasing quality and efficiency of IT work (Adams, 2010).
Is this a work of fiction or Humor? Do you intent this work to be considered for Scholarly peer review?

Demo
Knowledge Domian
Identification and evaluation
Interpersonal Conflict as a Strategy in IT
Information Technology (IT) teams are by nature are independent teams much like a track team or a wrestling team. In order for a project to be completed on time every member of the team must complete the tasks assigned to them as completely and professionally as possible. An IT team relies on a central authority, usually a project manager, to deconstruct a project in a way that allows each team and each team member to complete a portion of the project (Cordery, Morrison, Wright, & Wall, 2010). The central idea of this method is to aggregate each completed sub-project portion until it can be said that the entire project is complete. A project manager uses many different control measures, such as mile stones, inspections and unit tests to ensure that the project is progressing apace (Shetach, 2009). Conflict and competition are just two more of those control measures (Breugst, Patzelt, Shepherd, & Aguinis,
2012). It seems counter intuitive that incentives that promote interpersonal competition between team mates would actually have the effect of increasing the pace at which a project is completed. It also seems counter intuitive that inter personnel conflict on the team would have the effect of increasing the quality of the results attainted by the teams working on the project (Breugst, et al., 2012). However promoting interpersonal conflict between IT team mates has been proven to be a good method of increasing quality and efficiency of IT work (Adams, 2010).
This text falls into the domain of social science and team interaction. Is that your intent?

Graphs, Tables and pictures evaluated
Demo
Figure 1.
IT Team meeting
Figure 1 is mislabeled and shows a cat with bread on it heaad
And not an IT team meeting.

Demo
Feedback to Author from SWS
Interpersonal Conflict as a Strategy in IT
Information Technology (IT) teams are by nature are independent teams much like a track team or a wrestling team. In order for a project to be completed on time every member of the team must complete the tasks assigned to them as completely and professionally as possible. An IT team relies on a central authority, usually a project manager, to deconstruct a project in a way that allows each team and each team member to complete a portion of the project (Cordery, Morrison, Wright, & Wall, 2010). The central idea of this method is to aggregate each completed sub-project portion until it can be said that the entire project is complete. A project manager uses many different control measures, such as mile stones, inspections and unit tests to ensure that the project is progressing apace (Shetach, 2009). Conflict and competition are just two more of those control measures (Breugst, Patzelt, Shepherd, & Aguinis,
2012). It seems counter intuitive that incentives that promote interpersonal competition between team mates would actually have the effect of increasing the pace at which a project is completed. It also seems counter intuitive that inter personnel conflict on the team would have the effect of increasing the quality of the results attainted by the teams working on the project (Breugst, et al., 2012). However promoting interpersonal conflict between IT team mates has been proven to be a good method of increasing quality and efficiency of IT work (Adams, 2010).
Paragraph and figures need a great deal of work.
Would you like details?

Demo
Sequence
Repeats
Author provides additional Information two SWS concerning suggestions provided
Author acts / does not act on feedback

Questions

Further Reading
The Era of Cognitive Systems: An Inside Look at IBM Watson and
How it Works http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redpapers/pdfs/redp4955.pdf

References
• Allen, E. & Seaman, J. (2013). Changing course: Ten years of tracking online education in the United States. San Francisco: Babson Survey
Research Group and Quahog Research Group, LLC.
• Barinka, A. (2013, ). IBM offers watson as cloud tool. Journal - Gazette
Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/1461535
262
• Bean, J. P. (1980). Dropouts and turnover: The synthesis and test of a causal model of student attrition. Research in Higher Education, 12, 155-
187. doi:10.1007/BF00976194
• Byman, D. (2007). Veterans and colleges have a lot to offer each other.
Chronicle of Higher Education, 54(16).

References
• Ferrucci, D. :. B.,E., Chu-Carroll, J., Fan, D., Gondek, D., Kalyanpur, A., Lally,
A., . . . Welty, C. (2010). The AI behind watson — the technical article
Retrieved 3/23/2014, 2014, Retrieved from http://www.aaai.org/Magazine/Watson/watson.php
• Ginder, S. (2014). Enrollment in distance education courses, by State: Fall
2012. National Center for Education Statistics.
• Kellogg, R. T., & Raulerson, B. A.,III. (2007). Improving the writing skills of college students. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (Pre-2011), 14(2), 237-
42. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/2049312
03

References
• Jones, R. (2014). Dissertation writing: The importance of alignment | the refractive thinker Retrieved from http://refractivethinker.com/articles/dissertation-writing-theimportance-of-alignment
• Lascher, E. L., & Offenstein, J. L. (2013). Campus racial climate and student academic outcomes: A critique of prior research and recommendations for future study. Journal of College Student
Retention, Research, Theory & Practice, 14, 265-277. Retrieved from http://www.cscsr.org/jcsr/index.php/jcsr
• Lederman, D. (2009). As talk about retention rises, rates drop. Retrieved from http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/01/23/retain
• O’Herrin, E. (2011). Enhancing veteran success in higher education. Peer
Review, 13(1), 15-18

References
•
Strickland, E. (2014). At the mayo clinic, IBM watson takes charge of clinical trials - IEEE spectrum Retrieved from http://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-
• Tinto, V. (2006-2007). Research and practice of student retention: What next? Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory &
Practice, 8, 1-19. Retrieved from http://www.cscsr.org/jcsr/index.php/ jcsr
• Strickland, E. (2014). At the mayo clinic, IBM Watson takes charge of clinical trials - IEEE spectrum Retrieved from http://spectrum.ieee.org/techtalk/robotics/artificial-intelligence/at-themayo-clinic-ibm-watson-takes-charge-of-clinical-trials
• Tinto, V. (2006-2007). Research and practice of student retention: What next? Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory &
Practice, 8, 1-19. Retrieved from http://www.cscsr.org/jcsr/index.php/jcsr

References
• Upbin, B.(2013-02-08). "IBM's Watson Gets Its First Piece Of Business In
Healthcare". Forbes.
• Van Noorden, R. (2014). Publishers withdraw more than 120 gibberish papers Nature, doi:10.1038/nature.2014.14763
• Varol, H., & Varol, C. (2014). Improving female student retention in computer science during the first programming course. International
Journal of Information and Education Technology, 4(5), 394-398. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/10.7763/IJIET.2014.V4.4
37
• Watson wins on jeopardy (2011). . Chatham, United States, Chatham:
Newstex. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/852548
965