Sleep Journal
You will record your sleep patterns over the next week.
Starting tonight – write down:
• Activities before bed
• Computer/video game use before bed
• Caffeinated Drinks per day
• Time go to bed
• Time fell asleep
• Time woke up
• Any night time awakenings.
• How did you feel the next day.
Sleep Day – Thursday December
5th
• You can wear pajama bottoms/sweats
– appropriate please.
• Bring: pillow, blanket, yoga mat,
sleeping bag, stuffed animal….you can
drop it off here in the morning and
pick up later if you like.
• iPod with headphones is okay – just
play it low so you don’t bother anyone
trying to sleep
• If you can’t sleep – please remain
silent to allow others to sleep.
States of Consciousness
What are the key ideas in this unit?
Levels of Consciousness
Sleep and Dreaming
Sleep Disorders
What is the difference between Conscious,
Unconscious and Subconscious?
• Unconscious –
• Many states of
physically unable
consciousness
to awaken
• Daydreaming,
•
Subconscious
–
dozing, deep
inner thoughts
sleep, awareness –
and feelings you
all different
are not totally
aspects of
aware of
consciousness
What is Unconsciousness?
• Physical loss of responsiveness to the
environment
• Causes: disease, trauma, anesthesia
• Consciousness can be altered by: sleep,
hypnosis, medication, meditation and injury
Don’t write –
What is a Coma?
• A Coma is a profound state of unconsciousness.
• A comatose person cannot be awakened, fails to
respond normally to pain, light or sound, does not
have sleep/wake cycles and does not initiate voluntary
actions. (More than 6 days).
•The underlying cause of coma is bilateral damage to
the Reticular Activating System in the midbrain which
is important in regulating sleep
•Coma can result from: stroke, trauma, intoxication,
hypoxia or induced as a form of preserving higher brain
function during healing process
Generally, brain injury is classified as:
Severe, with GCS less than 8
Moderate, GCS 9 - 12
Minor, GCS greater than 13.
Glasgow Coma Scale
What is Sleep?
• Your body’s own circadian rhythm – biological clock
• You don’t have to do anything to allow your normal
sleep pattern to emerge…..it’s called a free running
cycle
• When your parents brought you home from the
hospital and trained you to sleep at night…that is
called entrainment
• When you have sleep deprivation – you will make up
for it by sleeping more in REM sleep days later. This is
called REM Rebound.
Many states of consciousness
• Unconscious –
• physically unable to awaken
• Subconscious –
• inner thoughts and feelings you are not totally
aware of
• A comatose person
• cannot be awakened, fails to respond normally
to pain, light or sound
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The severity of a coma is measured by the
Glasgow Coma Scale.
Circadian rhythms are
Your natural biological clock
Entrainment is
Training your body when to sleep
When you don’t get enough sleep it’s called
Sleep Deprivation
Making up for lost sleep time by sleeping
more for a few days is:
• REM Rebound
What exactly happens during sleep?
You cycle through various stages when you are sleeping.
Consciousness
Physiological
awakening
Awareness
Responsiveness
Types of Sleep: Non REM
• NREM is the first type of
sleep you enter when you
first nod off.
• Most of our time asleep is
spent here, making up for
75% of an adults sleep.
• NREM is split into 4
stages, with each stage
taking you deeper and
deeper into sleep.
First 4 Sleep Stages – NREM (Non Rem)
Twilight Sleep: sensation of falling, peaceful, hazy, Melatonin triggered
Fail to immediately respond to outside stimuli
Stage 1: Sudden twitches and hypnic jerks (myoclonus reactions)
Lose most conscious awareness of the external environment.
Stage 2: sleep spindles (bursts), lose all awareness of environment
Stage 3: Slow wave sleep – sleep walking, bedwetting can be issues
Stage 4: Heart beat drops, BP low, H.G.H secreted REM BEGINS
What happens after stages 1-4?
• You begin REM Sleep (Rapid Eye Movement)
• Every 90 minutes after falling asleep your eyes
jerk back and forth in various directions
• Your limbs become paralyzed
• B.P., heart rate increases
Through the night you cycle through stages with
REM increasing in length –then decreasing
towards awakening.
REM SLEEP
• REM sleep in adult humans typically occupies 20–25% of
total sleep about 90–120 minutes of a night's sleep.
• During a normal night of sleep, humans usually
experience about four or five periods of REM sleep; they
are quite short at the beginning of the night and longer
toward the end.
• Many animals and some people tend to wake, or
experience a period of very light sleep, for a short time
immediately after a bout of REM.
• The relative amount of REM sleep varies considerably
with age, lessening with age.
• A newborn baby spends more than 80% of total sleep
time in REM
• During REM, the activity of the brain is quite similar to
that during waking hours; for this reason, the REM-sleep
stage may be called paradoxical sleep
• Vividly recalled dreams mostly occur during REM sleep
How does our body know when to sleep?
Hypothalamus
• Regulates temperature, blood pressure, pulse, blood
sugar, throughout the day
• Your free running biological clock is 25 hours long
Circadian
rhythms
• Your natural biological clock – during light/dark turns
into 24
• Cycles all day and night
Reticular
Formation
• RAS (Reticular Activating System) – changes in
wakefulness, arousal, attention, mood, energy level
• Night shift work, jetlag disrupt circadian rhythms
What is Sleep Deprivation
Sleep Deprivation
makes you drowsy
Unable to
concentrate,
impairs memory
and concentration
Impacts Immune
System
Sleep time seems to decrease from about 16 to 18 hours for a newborn to 7 or 8 for
an adult
.
What have we learned?
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What controls your sleep cycles?
Reticular Activating System
What controls your temperature?
Hypothalmus
What is your free running cycle called?
Circadian Rhythm
How many stages is Non REM sleep?
4, (5 with twilight sleep)
What is REM?
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
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How often do you fall into REM Sleep?
Every 90 minutes after falling asleep
What happens during REM Sleep
your eyes jerk back and forth in various
directions and your limbs become paralyzed
• B.P., heart rate increases
• Have you ever walked in your sleep? How old
were you?
• Do you know someone who talks in their
sleep? How long after they fall asleep do they
usually do this?
• Do you know someone who snores?
What are some Sleep Disorders
• Sleep disorders are called
parasomnias
• Insomnia: inability to fall/maintain
sleep
• Narcolepsy : a sleep disorder that
causes excessive sleepiness and
frequent daytime sleep attacks
• Cataplexy: rare sleep disorder that
causes immediate REM sleep
when excited or emotional
• Restless Leg Syndrome is a
disorder in which there is an urge
or need to move the legs to stop
unpleasant sensation
• Sleep apnea is a
condition in
which a person
has episodes of
blocked breathing
during sleep
Sleep Talking and Walking
• Sleep talking is called
somniloquy
• Sleep talking usually
occurs in NREM stage 2
• Often about 10 to 20
minutes after falling
asleep
• Can also occur with
some prescription
medication and/or high
fever
• Sleep walking is called
somnambulism
•
(Som – sleep, ambulate – move)
• Often occurs 30 minutes
into sleep – at NREM stage
3
• Can also occur due to fever
or prescription medication
• Pattern towards
genetic…always be aware of
latching doors if you have a
child.
Living with Cataplexy
REM Behavior Disorder
Overview
What is your most memorable
dream?
Sleep and Dreaming
• The theory of why we dream is a Construct.
• A Constructs is to create something in mind:
such as a theory as a result of systematic
thought
Night Terrors
When do you have nightmares?
• Occur during REM Sleep – most dreams occur
during this phase
• Dreams remembered from other stages are less
emotional and sensible
• Lucid Dreaming: training to be aware of and
direct one’s dreams to help cure people of
nightmares.
• Incubus: Night Terrors – wake during REM –
happens to young children often after disruption
of sleep cycle, (holidays, guests, vacations, etc.)
What do dreams mean?
Two (2) popular theories
• Freud: “Royal road to the
unconscious”
• “Manifest Content” –
remembered parts
• “Latent Content” underlying meaning
• McCarley and Hobson:
Activation Synthesis
Theory: during dreams
the pons generates bursts
of action potentials to the
brain
• You try to create a story
line out of it (synthesize)
• Origins of dreams are
either psychological or
physiological depending
on what theory you
follow
• Most of your dreams
happen between 4 and 7
am.
What did we learn?
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A construct is
A theory that explains something intangible
Most dream occur during…..
REM sleep
Night terrors can occur in children due to:
Disruption of sleep patterns
What does Freud think your dreams are about?
repressed desires,
What would a biologist think your dreams are caused
by?
• spindle bursts in brain, reorganization of thoughts