Ch. 3 – Migration – “I Like to
Move It, Move It”
AP Human Geography
Boucher
Why Do People Migrate?
• Ravenstein’s Laws
of Migration –
The reasons
migrants move,
the distance they
move, and major
characteristics of
migration
• Cyclic movement
v. periodic
movement v.
migration
International v. Internal Migration
Center of Population in the United States
What can we learn from this map?
Why Do People Migrate?
Forced Migration
•
•
•
•
Holocaust
Trail of Tears
Atlantic Slave Trade
Often occurs during
times of war and
conflict
Voluntary Migration
• Step Migration – When migrant
follows a path of a series of
stages toward a final destination
(farm to town to suburb to city)
• Chain Migration – When migrant
communicates to family and
friends at home, encouraging
further migration along the same
path
– Creates Chinatowns, “Little Italys,”
etc.
Forced Migration – African Slave Trade
Across Atlantic
What Causes Migrants to Move?
• Quick Activity!
–List as many
“push” factors
and “pull”
factors that
you can think
of!
Push, Pull, or Both?
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•
•
•
•
•
•
Economic Conditions
Political Circumstances
Invasion of Activity Space
Armed Conflict and Civil War
Environmental Conditions
Culture and Traditions
Technological Advances
Global v. Regional Migration Flows
• Global Migration Flows
– What events
historically led to
global migration
flows?
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• Regional Migration Flows
– Migrants go to
neighboring countries:
• For short-term
economic
opportunities
• To reconnect with
cultural groups across
borders
• To flee political
conflict or war
Economic Opportunities
• Islands of
Development – Places
within a region or
country where foreign
investment, jobs, and
infrastructure are
concentrated
• In late 1800s and early
1900s, Chinese
migrated throughout
SE Asia to work in
trade, commerce, and
finance
Reconnecting Cultural Groups
- Example:
- About 700,000 Jews
migrated to thenPalestine between
1900 and 1948
- After 1948, when the
land was divided into
two states (Israel and
Palestine), 600,000
Palestinian Arabs
fled or were pushed
out of newlydesigned Israeli
territories
Immigration Issues
• Guest Workers
– Migrants whom a country
allows in to fill a labor
need, assuming the
workers will go “home”
once the labor need
subsides
• Have short-term work
visas
• Send remittances to
home country
• Quotas
– Limit the number of
migrants from each
region into a country (can
be selective in nature)
Guest Workers to Europe
Refugees
• What is a refugee?
• Characteristics of a refugee:
– Takes only what they can carry
– Journey often by foot
– Lacks documentation, has no clear destination,
hopes to return home someday
• Types of refugees: Political, Economic, Environmental
• Impacts of Refugees?
– Environmental
– Social
• What regions generate the most refugees?
Applying Migration Theory
• Why are some areas more popular to move to
than others? How can we predict that
movement?
– Gravity Model of Migration
• Theory: The interaction between two places is equal to
the product of the places’ populations, divided by the
square of their distance apart
• Impact: Large cities (New York and Los Angeles) may
have extensive and important interactions, despite
being separated by great distances