Chapter 4
States of Matter
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Section 1 Four States of Matter
Section 2 Changes of State
Concept Map
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Chapter 4
Section 1 Four States of Matter
Bellringer
In your Science Journal, make a four-column table
with the column headings “Solid,” “Liquid,” “Gas,” and
“Plasma.”
Brainstorm to fill in the table with examples of each
state of matter.
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Chapter 4
Section 1 Four States of Matter
What You Will Learn
• All matter is made of particles that are in constant
motion.
• Each state of matter depends on the motion of its
particles.
• In solids, particles can only vibrate; in liquids,
particles can collide with and move past one another;
in gases, particles are free to move independently,
colliding frequently.
• In plasmas, particles move independently and are
broken apart.
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Chapter 4
Section 1 Four States of Matter
Matter: Moving Particles
• The states of matter are the physical forms of a
substance.
• Matter is made up of very tiny particles called atoms
and molecules. These particles are in constant
motion.
• The states of matter depend on the motion of
particles
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Chapter 4
States of Matter
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Chapter 4
Section 1 Four States of Matter
Solids
• Solid is a state of matter in which the volume and
shape of a substance are fixed.
• The particles of a solid are closely locked in position
and can only vibrate.
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Chapter 4
Section 1 Four States of Matter
Liquids
• Liquid is a state of matter that has a definite volume
but not a definite shape.
• A liquid takes the shape of its container.
• The particles of a liquid are able to slide past each
other. A liquid’s particles are more loosely connected
than those of a solid.
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Chapter 4
Section 1 Four States of Matter
Gases
• Gas is a state of matter that does not have a definite
volume or shape.
• The particles of a gas move about freely and collide
randomly with each other.
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Chapter 4
Section 1 Four States of Matter
Plasmas
• Plasma is a state of matter that starts as a gas and
then becomes ionized.
• Plasma consists of free-moving ions and electrons
and can take on an electrical charge.
• More than 99% of the matter in the universe is
plasma. On Earth, natural plasmas are found in
lightning and fire.
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Chapter 4
States of Matter
Plasma
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Changes of State
Bellringer
List four ways that water can change from one physical
state to another physical state without changing into
a different substance.
Write your answers in your Science Journal.
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Changes of State
What You Will Learn
• A change of state is a physical process in which a
material changes form with no chemical reaction.
• Changes of state include melting, freezing,
evaporation, condensation, and sublimation and
involve either gain or loss of energy by a material’s
particles.
• Every material has a characteristic melting point and
freezing point.
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Changes of State
Energy and Changes of State
• A change of state is the change of a substance from
one physical state to another.
• A change of state requires a loss or gain of energy by
a substance’s particles.
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Chapter 4
States of Matter
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Changes of State
Melting: Solid to Liquid
• Melting is the change of state in which a solid
becomes a liquid by adding heat.
• The temperature at which a substance changes from
a solid to a liquid is the melting point of the
substance.
• For a solid to melt, particles must absorb energy.
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Chapter 4
States of Matter
Melting Point
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Changes of State
Freezing: Liquid to Solid
• Freezing is the change of state from a liquid to a
solid.
• The temperature at which a liquid changes into a
solid is the liquid’s freezing point.
• For a liquid to freeze, energy must be removed from
the liquid to slow the movement of the particles.
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Changes of State
Evaporation: Liquid to Gas
• Evaporation is the change of state from a liquid to a
gas.
• Boiling is the change of a liquid to a vapor, or gas.
The temperature at which this change happens is the
boiling point.
• Water boils more easily if the atmospheric pressure is
lower.
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Chapter 4
States of Matter
Boiling Point
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Changes of State
Condensation: Gas to Liquid
• Condensation is the change of state from a gas to a
liquid. Condensation and evaporation are the reverse
of each other.
• The condensation point is the temperature at which a
gas becomes a liquid.
• For condensation to occur, energy must be removed
from the gas to slow the movement of the particles.
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Changes of State
Sublimation: Solid to Gas
• Sublimation is the change of state in which a solid
changes directly to a gas.
• In sublimation, the particles must go from being very
tightly packed to being spread far apart.
• For sublimation to occur, the solid must gain energy
for the particles to overcome their attractions.
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Chapter 4
Section 2 Changes of State
Temperature and Changes of State
• When a substance is undergoing a change of state,
its temperature does not change until the change of
state is complete.
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Chapter 4
States of Matter
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Chapter 4
States of Matter
Concept Map
Use the terms below to complete the concept map
on the next slide.
changes of state
melting
vaporization
liquid
condensation
states of matter
solid
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Chapter 4
States of Matter
Concept Map
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Chapter 4
States of Matter
Concept Map
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