Unit 5
Friends for Life
Joyce Brothers
Overview
•
•
•
•
Warming-up
New words and expression
About the author
A global picture
A Survey
• Do you like making friends with
others?
A. Yes.
B. No.
• How many friends do you have?
A. 5 ≤
B. 5 ~ 10
C. 10 ~ 20 D. ≥ 20
A Survey
• Which of the following best describe your
friends?
A. They are mostly males.
B. They are mostly females.
C. They are mostly introvert.
D. They are mostly extrovert.
E. They are of various sex and ages.
F. They are mostly optimists.
G. They are mostly pessimists.
H. They are of various origin and background
A Survey
• Which of the following do you look for in a friend?
A. Intelligence
B. Diligence
E. Honesty
C. Perseverance D. Enthusiasm F. Courtesy
G. Maturity H. Humor
I. Confidence
J. Sincerity K. Tolerance L. Patience
M. Responsibility N. Loyalty
O. Bravery
P. Thoughtfulness Q. Generosity R. Sympathy
A Survey
• Which of the following do you think are
important for your friend?
A. Rich knowledge or experience
B. Wide interest or hobbies
C. Similar origin or background with you
D. Similar or good level of education
E. Good economic condition
F. Decent job or social status
A Survey
• Which of the following do you think are
important for your friend?
G. Common interests with you
H. Expert or talented in a certain field
I. Proper behavior or good manner in life
J. Pleasant or lively personality
K. Complementary in certain aspect with you
L. Others
A Survey
• What in your opinion is an ideal friend
or friendship?
• If you are to give a one-sentence
definition for either "friend" or
"friendship”, what will that be? (You
may use a simile or metaphor)
Quotes
Albert Camus (French writer)
Don’t walk in front of me
I may not follow
Don’t walk behind me
I may not lead
Walk beside me
And jus be my friend.
Quotes
English proverb
Make new friends and keep the old;
one is silver and the other gold.
Italian proverb
Everyone’s friend is
no one’s friend.
Word Study
•
•
•
•
•
Reading aloud (page 62)
Meaning and use
Synonyms & antonyms
Word derivation
Word differentiation
Meaning and Use
• endear:
• endear sb to sb: to cause to be loved/liked
– His habit of playing loud music at night didn't
~ him to the neighbours.
– He was whispering endearments to her.
• Term:
– The ~ “acid rain” was coined in the 19th
century.
Meaning and Use
• transient:
– The city has a large ~ population.
– Her feeling of depression was ~.
– A glass of whisky has only a ~ warming
effect.
• Cf: transitory: stress the characteristic; onetime-use短暂的；昙花一现的
• Cf: transitive: 及物的；过渡的
Meaning and Use
• kinship:
– The ~ system in that tribe is very
complicated. (=family relationship)
– I feel a certain ~ with him. (=likeness in
character, understanding)
– His next of kin were told of his death. (=a
person's closest relative)
– Many elderly people have no kin to turn to for
assistance.
Meaning and Use
• affirm:
– The suspect ~ed (that) he had been at home
all evening.
– The government has ~ed its commitment to
equal rights.
• Cf: assert: oftn based on one's subjective
feeling or judgment
– He ~ed that it could be done in an hour.
Meaning and Use
• vow:
– All the men took/made a ~ of loyalty to their
leader.
– He ~ed to look after his mother when his
father died.
– We ~ed to God that we will never part.
– The members of this religious community are
under a ~ of silence. (=have promised to
God they won't speak)
Meaning and Use
• rank:
– Students ~ed the samples in order of preference.
– She is ~ed number four in the world.
• vigilance:
– Thanks to their constant ~, a crisis was averted.
– The police said the public should remain vigilant.
– His security duties demand long hours of ~.
Meaning and Use
• inclination: a special liking for sth
– I have no ~ to be a doctor.
– I shall indulge the ~ so natural in old
men, to be talking of themselves.
• Cf: be inclined to: have a tendency to do…
– I’m ~d to agree with you.
– She’s ~d to gossip with complete
strangers.
Meaning and Use
• Disclosure
– Any public ~ of this information would be very
damaging to the company.
– The newspaper made damaging ~ of
management incompetence.
• Cf: they disclosed her name to the press.
• Cf: Do you promise not to reveal my secret?
– The curtain opened, to reveal a darkened
stage.
Meaning and Use
• Sibling: <fml.> a brother or sister
– The younger children were badly treated by
older ~s.
– Tom had fallen out with ~s over an
inheritance.
• Rivalry: <+ with/between> competition; (a case
of) being rivals
– There was fierce/intense rivalry between the
two companies to get the contract.
Matching: Synonyms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
endearment
neglect
vigilance
vow
disclosure
mingle
intimacy
straighten out
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
revelation
oath
closeness
sweet nothings
put right
mix
disregard
watchfulness
Matching: Antonyms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
transient
desperate
neglect
affirm
blossom
disclosure
intimacy
worthwhile
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
cherish
concealment
permanent
worthless
estrangement
fade
composed
deny
Word Derivation
N.
A.
vigilance
vigilant
intimacy
transience
intimate
transient
N. desperation
family
instinct
A.
desperate
familial
instinctual
N.
finance
intensity
A.
financial
intense
Word Derivation
N.
endearment
complaint
rank
V.
endear
complain
rank
A.
endearing
complaining
ranking
N.
inclination
affirmation
neglect
V.
incline
affirm
A.
inclined
affirmative
neglect
neglectful
Word Derivation
N.
term
V.
term
N.
vow
V.
vow
disclosure
rivalry
shrug
disclose
rival
shrug
assembly
assemble
N. revelation blossom
V.
reveal
blossom
patron
patronize
heal
heal
Word Differentiation
• Bloom vs. Blossom
bloom
• His poetic genius was in full _______
when he was in his early twenties.
• The peach tree has an excellent
________
blossom this year.
• Since their first meeting, their friendship
blossomed
has ______________.
Word Differentiation
• Worth; worthy; worthwhile
worth
• I think this matter is ________
our attention.
• If you are a young, inexperienced driver, it is
worth having comprehensive insurance.
________
• Two points in this report are especially
worthy
__________
of notice.
• Every year she makes a large donation to a
____________
cause.
worthy
• She considers teaching a worthwhile
_________ career.
Word Differentiation
• Financial vs. Commercial
finance
• The ___________
committee controls the
school’s budget.
finance
• The local authority has refused to _______
the scheme.
commerce
• The marketplace was where _________
was traditionally carried on.
commercial
• His new record is much too ___________.
Word Differentiation
• Gender vs. Sex
• I think both _________
genders are capable of looking
after children.
• The government is working on tackling
________
gender inequalities in employment.
• There is a lot of ______
sex and violence in this film.
sex
• She accused her employer of ______
discrimination.
Word Differentiation
• Intimacy vs. Privacy
• It was obvious from their witty intimacies
_________ that
they had been good friends for many years.
• His claims to (an) _________
intimacy with/to be on
terms of ________
intimacy with the President are
somewhat exaggerated.
• There’s not much ________
privacy in these flats
because of the large windows and thin walls.
Word Differentiation
• Desperate vs. Despair
• This man is desperate
_________ and should not be
approached as he may have a gun.
desperate to tell someone his good
• He was __________
news.
despair over/about
• They’re in (the depths of) ________
the money they’ve lost.
• Their fourth year without rain drove many
despair
farmers to_________.
Word Differentiation
• Instinctual vs. Intuitive
instinctual reaction at the sight of the
• Her ___________
spider was to scream loudly.
intuitive
• Most people have an __________
sense of right
and wrong.
instinctive prescience
• Some animals have an __________
of earthquakes.
intuition
• It came upon him in a flash of __________.
Word Differentiation
• Neglect vs. Ignore
• The animals were thin and ill because the farmer
neglected them.
had __________
• She has neglected
___________ her studies.
ignore the fact that we are still a
• You can't ________
poor country.
ignored by
• Safety regulations are being _________
company managers in the drive to increase
profits.
About the Author
• Joyce Brothers
(1927-) an American
psychologist
and advice in a number of newspapers
publish simultaneously
columnist, publishing a
daily syndicated newspaper column since
1960.
• She is professionally known as Dr. Joyce
Brothers.
Joyce Brothers
• Brothers is a prolific writer.
• She had a monthly column
in Good Housekeeping
magazine for almost four
decades, and a syndicated newspaper column
that she began writing in the 1970s, and which
at its height was printed in more than 300
newspapers.
Joyce Brothers
• Her best-selling
books:
• What Every Woman
Should Know About Men (1982)
• Widowed (1992) (inspired by the loss of her
husband, the book offered practical advice for
widows and widowers, helping them to cope with
their grief and create a new life for themselves)
Joyce Brothers
• As a psychologist, Joyce
Brothers has been licensed
in New York since 1958.
a small
character part
in guest
• Today, Brothers
continues
to do
a play
film, played
by radio talk shows
appearances
onortelevision
and
a distinguished
person
for her expertise
in psychology.
• She has also done comedic cameo
appearances on some TV and game shows.
Dr. Joyce Brothers is still active.
• In June, 2010, Joyce Brothers was
still appearing on
television; currently in
commercials endorsing a
home alert monitor
A Global Picture
•
•
•
•
What type of writing is this text?
Exposition
What is the text mainly about?
How is the word “friend” defined?
How many types of friendship have been
discussed in the text?
• How many parts does the text fall into?
• Do you find any topic sentence contributing to
the main idea of each part?
Purpose of Writing
• To give her insights into friendship
and give
suggestions on
making friends.
Structure of the Text
• Part 1 (para.1-2):
a psychological as well as personal
understanding of friendship
• Part 2 (para.3-4):
friendship within familial ties
• Part 3 (para.5-8):
significance of friendship outside kinship ties
and suggestions on friend-making
Structure of the Text
• Part 4 (para.9-11):
friendship between opposite sexes
• Part 5 (para.12-13):
how to fix a broken friendship
• Part 6 (para.14-15):
the author’s friendship with her grandchildren
Thank you!
To be continued.
Lesson 2: Overview
• Word review
• Text analysis
– Comprehension
– Language points
– Sentences
Word Review
• We stayed at the inn as transient
t_________ guests.
• She made a v_____
vow never to lend money to
anyone again.
• He was whispering e______________
endearments to his girl
friend.
• Anxiety has some kinship
k_________ with eagerness.
• Thanks to the vigilance
v_________ of a neighbor that the
fire was discovered before it could be spread.
Word Review
• Any public d__________
disclosure of this information would
be very damaging to the company.
• From my own experience, I confidently a_______
affirmed
what he said is true.
• All the orchards blossom
b________ in spring.
• I am i_________
indebted to her for her help in indexing my
book.
• Fanny showed little inclination
i____________ to talk about
anything serious.
Word Derivation
• He is being ___________
neglectful (neglect) of his
guests.
• The family is usually a source of
encouragement from which ___________
affirmative
(affirm) influence come.
vigilant
• The burglar was spotted by _____________
(vigilance) neighbours.
complained (complaint) at being
• They __________
excluded from the meeting.
Word Derivation
• Flora’s spirit and character __________
endeared
(endearment) her to everyone who met her.
ranking
• He has a poor ___________
(rank) in his class.
• The information is confidential and must not be
disclosed (disclosure) to anyone.
___________
inclined (inclination) to wait a few
• I’m rather __________
days before deciding.
rival
• The stores __________
(rivalry) each other in
beautiful window displays.
Detailed Study
• Comprehension
• Language points
• Sentence highlights
Language Points
• for life (title)
– There’s no such thing as a job for life.
– She thought marriage should be for life.
– He was running for dear life toward town.
他逃命似地向城里飞跑。
– She can’t for the life of her remember where she
left her bag.
她怎么也想不起来把手提包丢在哪儿了。
Comprehension (Part I)
• What is the definition of “friend” by
psychologists?
• How does the author
understand “friends”?
Language Points
• have a hard time (para.1): feel uncomfortable
or difficult
– Did you have a hard time distinguishing the
Russian words from the English ones?
– She had a hard time of it with the birth of her
second baby.
– I heard they gave him a pretty hard time at the
interview.
Language Points
• identify … as (para.1): consider … to be
connected with
– In many cases, the clothes people wear ~
them as belonging to a particular social class.
– The gunman in Wednesday’s attack has been
~ied as Lee Giggs, an unemployed truck
driver.
• Cf: Identify … with
– She ~ied strongly with the main character in the play.
Language Points
• confide in (para.1): to talk freely to sb about
personal matters, and be confident that one’s
secret will be kept
– Alan felt he could ~ in his roommate.
– He ~ed his fears to his mother.
• confidant 知己（男）
– He was her ~ and business adviser.
• confidante 知己（女）；红颜知己
– His wife is his friend and ~.
Language Points
• Single (para.2): <v.>
– I want to ~ all the way into my years of sanity.
– One newspaper was ~d out for criticism.
(=choose from a group for special treatment)
– There was a ~ person on the beach. <adj.>
• singleton （英国口语）单身汉（单身女子）
独生子女
Language Points
• transient (para.2): fast changing
– His many love affairs had only brought him ~
pleasures.
– Only historians fully understand the ~ nature of
civilization.
• companionship (para.2): friendly company
– He missed the ~ he’d enjoyed in the navy.
– I lived on my own for a while but I missed the ~
of (=enjoyment of being with) others.
Sentence Highlight
• Even though “friend” is a term of
a word
endearment used to describe many people
showing sign of love
in our lives, we often have a hard time
have difficulty
knowing what the term means. (para.1)
Comprehension (Part II)
• How does the author prove that
“friendship can occur any place”?
• She proves this statement with her
personal experiences.
– With her husband
– With her sister
– With her daughter
Language Points
• Occur (para.3): <vi.>
– The accident ~red at about 3:30 p.m.
– Does it ~ to you that he might be hungry?
– It never ~red to me that you meant that.
• Occurrence: seen as a concept, process,
or action,
• Occurrence(s): things that happen/occur
Language Points
• the case (para.3): the true situation
– If that is the case, we need more staff.
– It is simply not the case that English could be
learned in two months.
• … when we were younger (para.4)
believe that one is still young NOW
• Cf: … when we were young.
realize or acknowledge one’s being old
Comprehension (Part III)
• How would you interpret the sentence
“…with a friend we can be the person we
want to be” (para.5)?
• Friends give us support, which proves the
worth of what we are doing.
Comprehension (Part III)
• Why does the author suggest that making
friends is something more than instinctual
behavior?
• Because making friends involves a
process of sharing that needs more
attention. It also calls for skill to balance
between being open and protective of
each other’s feelings.
Language Points
• rank as (para.5): regard as having a
certain relative position
– Yao Ming ranks among the world’s best
basketballers.
– This result ranks as one of their most
successful election performances of the last
ten years.
Word Expansion
• Rank: <adj.>
– rank grass 丛生的杂草
– rank soil 过于肥沃的土壤
– rank language 下流话
– rank fraud 大骗局
– rank injustice 极端的不公正
– Ranking: standing排行榜
Language Points
• Kinship (para.5)
– All our kin came to the family reunion.
– People here were kin to poverty. 这里的人过去很穷
– All her property goes to her next of kin. 最近的亲属
– She is near of kin to me. 她是我的近亲。
• count kin with 和...论亲戚关系; 和...是近亲 [苏]和...比血统
[门第]
• kissing cousin 相见时可以接吻致意的远亲; 可以配成对的
东西; 可以和谐相处的人
• more kin than kind 亲戚不亲
Language Points
• Akin: <adj.> of similar character; related by
blood
Be akin to …
The cat is ~ to the tiger.
He felt something ~ to pity.
Training pet animals is somewhat ~ to training
children.
Genius and madness are ~.
Your cousins are closely ~ to you. 与你是近亲
Language Points
• self (para.5): the type of person somebody is,
esp the way he usually behaves or looks
– He’s not his usual happy ~ this morning.
– Only with a few people could she be her real
~.
她才表现出自己真实的一面
– You’ll soon be feeling your old/former ~ again.
很快你就会感觉和原来没什么两模了
– They promised to keep the secret to their
three selves. 保守秘密于他们三者之间
Language Points
• Tend to (para.7)
– Written language ~s to be formal.
– Students, with the exception of those really
energetic, ~ to feel uncontrollably sleepy on
warm spring afternoons.
• Involve (para.8): have… as a necessary part
– My job ~s a lot of traveling.
– Her husband had been very ~d in his work.
– This problem is closely ~d with the
management of the company.
和公司的管理密切相关
Language Points
• Out of balance (para.8)
– The canoe got out of/off ~ and turned over.
– The question was so unexpected that I was off ~ for a
moment. 这个问题提得那么突然，我一时答不上来。
– Economic stability can only be reached if demand and
supply are in approximate ~.
• one-sided (para.8): involving one person more than
another; not balanced
– The football match was rather ~.
– The press were accused of presenting a very onesided picture of the issue.
Language Points
• A best-friendship (para.8)
• “Friendship” is a general concept, whereas “a
friendship” means something more concrete or
personal. 一段/一种友谊
• Intimacy (para.8)
• Intimate: euphemism（委婉语）for bodily
contact in some cases
• Intimacy: closeness
Euphemism for sex (sometimes illegitimate)
Sentence Highlight
• Their acceptance affirms that self and lets
us develop as individuals. (para.5)
• Being accepted by our friends makes us
feel that we are expected as we are and
encourages us to develop in the way we
want to.
Sentence Highlight
• … “the only way to have a friend is to be
one.” (para.7)
• Making yourself a friend to others is the
only way to win their friendship.
Sentence Highlight
• A best-friendship gets out of balance
when the intensity becomes too onesided. (para.8)
• A best-friendship suffers if there is too
much disclosure or too much protection of
each other’s feelings.
Comprehension (Part IV)
• How do you interpret the sentence “What I
knew about women I’d learned from my
father.” (para.11)
• Was there any problem in Michael’s
relationship with his girlfriend? Where did
the problem stem from?
• The problem stemmed from his out-of-date
knowledge about women and his
patronizing attitude to them.
Language Points
• When it comes to (para.9): as far as … be
concerned
• patronize (para.10): behave towards sb as if
superior or more important than him/her
– Don’t patronize me; I know just as much
about it as you do.
– Don’t be so patronizing — I’m not a child any
more.
Patron: supporter, sponsor
Language Points
• Eye-opening (para.10)
– This is really an ~ trip. 大开眼界的旅行
• Point out (para.10)
– I should ~ out that not one of these paintings
is original.
• offer to do (para.10): express willingness to
do sth
– She offered to drive me to the station.
– He offered to help me carry the bag.
– My father offered to take us to the airport.
Assembly Line
Language Points
• go one’s own way (para.12): to live or work
without continuing the previous
personal/business relationship
– After a couple of years together, we realized
we weren’t suited to one another and decided
to go our own way.
– I tried to warn him of the danger, but he was
determined to go his own way.
Language Points
• a beer (para.11): a glass of beer
–
–
–
–
–
a 期中的一项重要功能是能使抽象事物具体化
A New York to love.
There is a warmth beaming on her face.
A Mark Twain
A new me ; a new self
• be indebted to (para.11): be grateful to
– I’m ~ to all the people who worked so hard to make
the party a success.
– Most of his colleagues have been ~ to him for his
assistance.
– The restaurant is heavily ~ to the bank.
Sentence Highlight
• I was a generation behind the times.
(para.11)
• I was a generation out of date.
• I was behind the generation I belong to.
• I was not in step with my generation.
Labeled Generation
• Baby Boomer (1947-1960)
• Baby Buster (1960-)
• 13th Generation / 13th Gen / 13er
– Generation X (1961-1981) / Xer
• Baby Boom Echo (Echo Boomer)
– Generation Y / Yer / Y-er
• Millennial Generation / Millennials (1980-)
– ‘Newmils’ (in the UK)
Representative
• Prince William &
Kate Middleton
— Generation Y
Comprehension (Part V)
• What is meant by “…she and I found
each other again”(para.13)?
• We found that we needed each other and
renewed our friendship.
• What is the meaning of “sibling
rivalry”(para.13)?
• A natural tendency to compete for
affection of parents or teachers.
Language Points
• straighten out (para.12): to settle sth by
removing the confusion or difficulties in it
– Why does she spend so much time and
money trying to ~ out the waves in her hair?
The curls look pretty.
– Once we get these problems ~ed out, we
should be all right.
Language Points
• dry straight [口]结果很理想; 终于好转
• follow [keep to] the straight and narrow 安分守己, 循规蹈
距(来自《圣经》)
• get straight [美]了解, 搞通; 办好
• give it to sb. straight [美]对某人直言不讳; 直截了当地告
诉某人
• go straight 笔直走; 直接去 做正直人 戒去毒瘾
• keep straight 行为正直, (女子)守贞操
• keep straight on 继续走[做]下去
• make straight for 一直向...走去
• on the straight 笔直, 平行 [口](原来犯过罪的人)改过自新,
老实做人
Language Points
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
out of the straight 歪着, 倾斜; [俚]不诚实, 不合法
put [set] sth. straight 把(某物)整顿[收拾]好
ride straight 骑马跳过障碍; 直飞跑
run straight 笔直跑, 正正经经做人
set sb. straight 纠正某人
shoot [hit] straight 瞄准射击, 命中; [口]为人正直, 对人诚实
the straight and narrow (path) [口]正路, 循规蹈矩的做人
之道
• straight away [off] 毫不犹豫地; 立刻, 马上
• straight out 坦白地, 率直地, 毫不犹豫地
• straight up [俚]真的; 确实的
Language Points
• heal (para.13): cure; make happy/well/ healthy
again
– She was never able to ~ the breach between
herself and her father.
– Peace talks were held to try to ~ the growing
rift between the two sides.
– A broken heart takes a long time to ~.
Healable <adj.>
Healer <n.>
Language Points
• sibling rivalry (para.13):
– There was great sibling rivalry between Peter
and his brother.
• I have four siblings: three brother and
a sister.
– Suzhou and Venice are sibling cities.
What fact makes the writer believe that now
friendship is more important than before?
Comprehension (Part VI)
• Can you identify any metaphor used in
Paragraph 14? Try to explain it.
• “battle with cancer”
Thank you!
To be continued.
Lesson 3: Overview
•
•
•
•
•
•
Text Review
Duty Report
Sentence Translation
Oral Practice
Dictation
Appreciation
Blank-filling
distinguishing
• Did you have a hard time ___________
(distinguish) the French words from the
English ones?
• In many cases, the clothes people wear
as belonging to a particular
identify them ____
social class.
in his
• Alan felt he could confide ____
roommate.
into my years of
• I want to single all the way ____
sanity.
Blank-filling
• That is often the case _____
with him.
as one of their most
• This result ranks ____
successful election performances of the last
ten years.
• Henry is a trusted friend _____
with whom Reed
feels a deep kinship.
• The canoe got out
_______
of/off balance and turned
over.
Translate the phrases
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
one's self
本人；自己
one’s usual self （某人的）常态
one's better self 良心; 本性中较好的一面
one's former self 一个人的原来的样子; 旧我
one's second self 心腹朋友, 得力助手
one's worse self 本性中邪恶的一面; 劣根性
To our noble selves!
为我们这些高贵的人, 为我们自已(干杯)!
Euphemism
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882
• American philosopher, essayist and poet.
• The value he particularly stressed were
intellectual freedom, integrity, and self-reliance.
• The best-known of his essays are “Nature”,
“Self-Reliance”, and “Over-Soul”.
• “Nature” has been recognized as a major
document in American Romanticism and
Transcendentalism.
Famous Quote from “Nature”
Standing on the bare ground, -my head bathed by the blithe air,
and uplifted into infinite space,-all mean egotism vanishes. I
become a transparent eye-ball. I
am nothing. I see all. The
currents of the Universal Being
circulate through me; I am part
or parcel of God."
Kinship Terms
Forms of Address
Kinship Terms
Mother; Father;
Uncle; Aunt;
Grandpa;
Given Name
Social Terms
Doctor + LN
Mister + LN
Mrs. + LN
Miss + LN
Types of Addressing
• Direct address
• Indirect address
• Self-reference
• Address inversion
Deciding Factors
•
•
•
•
Social class
Rank
Social position
Nationality
•
•
•
•
Region
Sex
Age
Relationship
Address systems can be a maze.
• 林黛玉的母亲是贾宝玉的姑母，贾宝玉的母亲
是林黛玉的舅母，又是薛宝钗的姨母。
• 甲：你家父今年几岁？近来可安然无恙？
• 乙：我令尊大人今年六十有二，虽是妙龄，但
近来龙体欠安。
• 甲：那好，有工夫一定到你寒舍看望。
• 乙：欢迎你去，我们府里宾客之上。
Explain the following sentence.
• Even though “friend” is a term of endearment
used to describe many people in our lives,
we often have a hard time knowing what the
term means.
• Even though “friend” is an expression we
use to describe and show affection to many
people in our lives, we often have difficulty
knowing the actual meaning of it.
Explain the following sentence
• Their acceptance affirms that self and lets
us develop as individuals. (para.5)
• Being accepted by our friends makes us
feel that we are respected as we are and
encourages us to develop in the way we
want to.
Sentence Highlight
• … “the only way to have a friend is to be
one.” (para.7)
• … “Making yourself a friend to others is
the only way to win their friendship.”
Explain the following sentence.
• A best-friendship gets out of balance
when the intensity becomes too onesided.
• A best-friendship suffers/becomes
unsteady if there is too much
disclosure or too much protection on
one side only.
Explain the following sentence.
• Making friends with someone of the
opposite sex can be an eye-opening
experience.
• Making friends with someone of the
opposite sex can be an enlightening
experience.
Explain the following sentence.
• I was a generation behind the times.
(para.11)
• I was, to some extent, a person out of
date.
• I was behind the generation I belong to.
• I was not in step with my generation.
Explain the following sentence.
• Now I’m married to the girlfriend I had
when I met Marcia, and I’m indebted to
her for that.
• When I met Marcia, I had a girlfriend.
Now I’m married to that girlfriend and
I’m grateful to Marcia for helping me
learn about today’s women.
Sentence Translation
• essential
– Passion is the first ~ in performance.
– When we go on holiday, we only take the
bare ~s. 只带了最基本的用品
– The relief agencies are trying to provide
food and other basic ~s.
救援部门正设法提供食品和其他的必需品
Sentence Translation
• 出发前，我只有时
• I only had time to pack
间把最基本的用品
the bare essentials
打包。
before departure.
• This leaflet will give
• 这张宣传单将告诉你有
you the essentials
关如何使用文字处理器
of how to use the
的最基本知识。
word processor.
• The room was furnished
• 房间里配有最简单
with the simplest
的家具：一张床、
essentials: a bed, a
一张桌子和一把椅
子。
chair and a table.
Sentence Translation
• protective
– The glass vase needs ~ packaging.
– He put a ~ arm around her shoulders.
– Parents can easily become over-~ of their
children.
– The country has built a ~ barrier against
foreign products.
这个国家已经建立起了一套针对外国产品的保
护壁垒。
Sentence Translation
• 有些动植物具有保
护色。
• 这家化工厂的工人
必须穿完整的保护
服。
• 他极力维护着自己
作为顾问的角色。
• Some animals and plants
have protective coloring.
• Workers in this chemical
plant must wear full
protective clothing.
• He was extremely
protective of his role as
advisor.
Sentence Translation
• neglect
– I'm afraid I've rather ~ed my studies this
week.
– This sector is one of the major growth
areas and we cannot afford to ~ it.
– Many parents focus their attention only on
the studies of their children but ~ the
cultivation of their mind/good manners.
Sentence Translation
• reveal
– He laughed, ~ing a line of white teeth.
– These new fashions ~ too much.
– It was ~ed that important evidence had
been suppressed.
– Investigation has ~ed him to be/has ~ed
that he is a confirmed criminal.
侦查表明他是个惯犯。
Sentence Translation
• The report reveals
(that) the company
made a loss of $20
million last year.
• 医生没有告诉他他的
病已经没有希望了。
• 她的传记表明她并非
如大家认为的那样有
钱。
• 报告显示公司去年亏损两
千万美元。
• The doctor did not reveal
to him his hopeless
condition.
• Her biography revealed
that she was not as rich
as everyone thought.
Sentence Translation
• rank as
– The city ~s alongside London as one of
the great tourist centers of the world.
– She said that 1979 must ~ as the most
remarkable year for change in China.
– At the height of her career, she ~ed as
one of the best figure skaters in the
world.
Sentence Translation
• 上海位列世界最大
的城市之一。
• 自古以来，苏州就
和杭州并称为中国
最美丽的地方之一
。
• Shanghai ranks as one
of the world's largest
cities.
• Suzhou ranks alongside
Hangzhou as one of the
most beautiful places in
China since ancient
times.
Sentence Translation
• play a role in
– Regional managers play a crucial ~ in
developing a strategic framework.
地区主管在构建营销网络的工作中起着至关重要的作用。
– 父母在孩子的教育当中起着重要作用。
Parents play an important ~ in education of children.
– Pressure groups played a major ~ in
bringing about the reforms.
权力集团在改革过程中起着主要作用。
Sentence Translation
• point out
– The guide ~ed out the best-known
paintings in the gallery.
– I'll ~ him out to you next time he comes in.
– He was planning to book a rock-climbing
holiday, till I ~ed out that Denis is afraid of
height.
– As so rightly ~ed out, our funds are not
unlimited.
Sentence Translation
• confide in
– He is very much a private man and ~ in no
one. 他是个非常隐秘的人，从不向人吐露他的秘密。
– You can ~ in your own abilities without
being conceited.
你可以相信自己的能力，而不必感到骄傲自满。
– 他人不错，但我觉得没法向他吐露心思。
He's nice, but I don't feel I can confide in him.
Oral Practice
• Is it wise to make friends online?
Voice 1
• In my opinion, making friends online is safe if
you treat them properly. Even though you
should treat friends online sincerely, you have
to be cautious. I met my girlfriend through the
net. At first, neither of us thought that we
would fall in love. As time went by, we came
to understand each other better and better.
Finally we decided to meet in person. Many
others share our story and the experience.
Voice 2
• I usually meet new friends through relatives or
other friend’ introduction. It’s not at all safe to
look for friends online. Many people, including
children, teenagers, even adults with a lot of
social experience, have been seriously
cheated and deeply hurt by people they met
online. This tells us that we must be careful.
Though many people online are perfectly
normal, it takes only meet one bad person to
put ourselves in danger.
Dictation
• What Will Matter ?
• Ready or not, some day it will all come to an end. There
will be no more sunrises, no days, no hours or minutes.
All the things you collected, whether treasured or
forgotten, will pass to someone else. Your wealth, fame
and temporal power will shrivel to irrelevance. It will not
matter what you owned or what you were owed. Your
grudges, resentments, frustrations, and jealousies will
finally disappear. So, too, your hopes, ambitions, plans,
and to-do lists will all expire. The wins and losses that
once seemed so important will fade away. It won't matter
where you came from, or on what side of the tracks you
lived.
Dictation
It won't matter whether you were beautiful or
brilliant. Your gender, skin color, ethnicity will be
irrelevant. So what will matter? How will the
value of your days be measured? What will
matter is not what you bought, but what you
built; not what you got, but what you gave. What
will matter is not your success, but your
significance. What will matter is not what you
learned, but what you taught. What will matter is
every act of integrity, compassion, courage and
sacrifice that enriched, empowered or
encouraged others to emulate your example.
Dictation
What will matter is not your competence, but
your character. What will matter is not how many
people you knew, but how many will feel a
lasting loss when you're gone. What will matter
is not your memories, but the memories of those
who loved you. What will matter is how long you
will be remembered, by whom and for what.
Living a life that matters doesn't happen by
accident. It's not a matter of circumstance but of
choice. Choose to live a life that matters.
• A true friend is someone /who stays with you for life.
/The sharing of intimacies, / including our fears as
well as our dark dreams,/ is the surest way to deepen
friendships. / What are some of the obstacles to
friendship? / The greatest is the temptation to expect
too much too soon. / Deep relationships take time. /
Another difficulty is the selfish tendency to think one
"possesses" the other, / with an almost exclusive
right to his time and attention. / Similarly, friendships
require mutual actions. / In brief, you must give as
much as you take. / Unless you spend reasonable
time together, / talking on the phone, writing letters,
doing things together, / friendships will "wither". / As in
all interpersonal relationships , / success depends on
clarity of purpose, / openness to others, / and a
willingness to experiment.
Dictation
Fine Thoughts in Fine Words
• Friend: one soul dwelling in two
bodies. It (friendship) redoubles
joys, and cuts grieves in halves.
— Francis Bacon
• Friendship should be more than
biting time can sever.
— T.S. Eliot
Lyrics of Auld Lang Syne
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Should auld acquaintance be forgot,
And never brought to mind?
Should auld acquaintance be forgot
And days of auld lang syne?
For auld lang syne, my dear,
For auld lang syne,
We'll take a cup o' kindness yet
For (the sake of)auld lang syne.
Thank you!