Political Geography Review
Types of Government
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Monarchy
Theocracy
Democracy
Republic
Dictatorship
Communist
Totalitarian
Related Terms
•
•
•
•
Nation
State
Nation State
Stateless Nation
China and Taiwan
• Taiwan is NOT a member of the UN
Development of the “state”
• Not the United “States”
• City-state – first evolved in Mesopotamia
– Walls defined city boundaries
– City controlled land outside wall too
– Led to empires
Vatican City is a present-day city-state
Colonialism
• When did it start?
• Why?
Backstory…
• In 711, Muslims conquer Spain
– control for over 700 years
• Spanish reconquista culminates
in 1492, along side the Spanish
Inquisition
• Spain says convert, leave, or die
to non-Christians
• Need to find a new trade route
to Asia, avoid more Muslim
conflict
Israel and Palestine
•
•
•
•
Creation of Israel in 1948
Palestinians are generally Arab Muslims
Israelis are Jewish
Palestinians seek statehood
Microstate
• Very small states, less than 1000 sq. mi. –
Monaco is smallest in UN
• Many are islands
• Vatican City is a microstate but not a part
of the UN
Shapes of States
• Compact – little
variance in
distance from
center to any
boundary
– Interaction is
easier
– Examples:
Burundi, Kenya,
Switzerland
Prorupted States
• An otherwise compact
state with a large
projecting extension
• Can provide access to a
resource
• Can disrupt other states
• Examples: Nambia,
Thailand, DRC, Myanmar
Elongated States
• Long and narrow shape
• Can lead to isolation or
hinder communication
and interaction
• Example: Chile,
Argentina, Vietnam
Fragmented State
• Contains several discontinuous pieces of
territory
• Can be caused by water or other states
• Ex: Indonesia, Philippines, Russia
Perforated States
• Completely surrounds
another state
• Diplomacy is crucial
• Ex: South Africa
(perforated) and Lesotho
(compact)
Know these organizations and their
functions
•
•
•
•
•
•
UN
EU
NATO
Warsaw Pact
NAFTA
ASEAN
Major Conceptual Connections
• Migration - quotas, refugees, political push and pull
factors
• Religion – theocracies, shapes lawmaking
• Population – political policies respond to
demographics of each country – One Child Policy
• Ethnicity – Governments may discriminate
• Rural and Urban Land Use – Zoning Ordinances
• Development – Women’s participation in
government
2006 Released AP Test
• Political Land Use Questions
Which of the following correctly lists the
usual hierarchy of political-administrative
units in order from the largest to the
smallest?
a. Empire, county, province, nation-state
b. Province, empire, nation-state, county
c. Empire, nation-state, province, county
d. County, nation-state, province, empire
e. Empire, nation-state, county, province
Which of the following correctly lists the
usual hierarchy of political-administrative
units in order from the largest to the
smallest?
a. Empire, county, province, nation-state
b. Province, empire, nation-state, county
c. Empire, nation-state, province, county
d. County, nation-state, province, empire
e. Empire, nation-state, county, province
With respect to the North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA) between the United
States, Canada, and Mexico, which of the
following statements is NOT true?
a. It resulted in increased trade among member
nations
b. It outlines an eventual supranational governing
body for North America.
c. It led to a net trade deficit for the United States
with Canada and Mexico
d. It facilitated the movement of tertiary-sector
industries from the United States to Mexico
e. It eventually may include other Latin American
countries
With respect to the North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA) between the United
States, Canada, and Mexico, which of the
following statements is NOT true?
a. It resulted in increased trade among member
nations
b. It outlines an eventual supranational governing
body for North America.
c. It led to a net trade deficit for the United States
with Canada and Mexico
d. It facilitated the movement of tertiary-sector
industries from the United States to Mexico
e. It eventually may include other Latin American
countries
The term Balkanization refers to the
a. Fragmentation of a region into smaller
units
b. Introduction of an economic system of
free enterprise
c. Spread of Slavic languages
d. Industrial growth in less-developed
nations
e. Military and economic alliance of a group
of countries
The term Balkanization refers to the
a. Fragmentation of a region into smaller
units
b. Introduction of an economic system of
free enterprise
c. Spread of Slavic languages
d. Industrial growth in less-developed
nations
e. Military and economic alliance of a group
of countries
The shape of North Carolina’s Twelfth
Congressional District, shown below, is
most likely the result of
a. Watershed boundaries
b. gerrymandering
c. County boundaries
d. decentralization
e. amalgamation
The shape of North Carolina’s Twelfth
Congressional District, shown above, is
most likely the result of
a. Watershed boundaries
b. gerrymandering
c. County boundaries
d. decentralization
e. amalgamation
The European Union, the Arab League, and
the United Nations are all examples of
a. Pressure groups
b. Nation-states
c. Centrifugal organizations
d. Supranational organizations
e. federations
The European Union, the Arab League, and
the United Nations are all examples of
a. Pressure groups
b. Nation-states
c. Centrifugal organizations
d. Supranational organizations
e. federations
Which of the following has fostered the most
significant economic growth by eliminating
import tariffs between member states?
a. European Union (EU)
b. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC)
c. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
d. Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
e. United Nations (UN)
Which of the following has fostered the most
significant economic growth by eliminating
import tariffs between member states?
a. European Union (EU)
b. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC)
c. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
d. Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
e. United Nations (UN)
Land parcels in the American Midwest tend to be
rectilinear because
a. The federal survey system adopted in the late
eighteenth century imposed a geometric
pattern on the landscape
b. Native American settlement patterns were
rectangular
c. English-speaking settlers replicated the
landscape patterns of England
d. Spanish colonists laid out settlements in a rigid
geometric pattern
e. There were no mountains or rivers to use as
boundaries
Land parcels in the American Midwest tend to be
rectilinear because
a. The federal survey system adopted in the late
eighteenth century imposed a geometric
pattern on the landscape
b. Native American settlement patterns were
rectangular
c. English-speaking settlers replicated the
landscape patterns of England
d. Spanish colonists laid out settlements in a rigid
geometric pattern
e. There were no mountains or rivers to use as
boundaries
Which of the following terms refers to an
area of instability located between
regions with opposing political and
cultural values?
a. Rimland
b. Heartland
c. Shatter belt
d. enclave
e. Gerrymandered area
Which of the following terms refers to an
area of instability located between
regions with opposing political and
cultural values?
a. Rimland
b. Heartland
c. Shatter belt
d. enclave
e. Gerrymandered area
Violent confrontations in Ambon, Aceh, and
East Timor illustrate the problem of
holding together the physically and
culturally diverse country of
a. India
b. Indonesia
c. Brazil
d. South Africa
e. Yugoslavia
Violent confrontations in Ambon, Aceh, and
East Timor illustrate the problem of
holding together the physically and
culturally diverse country of
a. India
b. Indonesia
c. Brazil
d. South Africa
e. Yugoslavia
Which of the following countries did NOT
have a significant, long-lasting colonial
presence in Africa after 1920?
a. Germany
b. Great Britain
c. France
d. Portugal
e. Belgium
Which of the following countries did NOT
have a significant, long-lasting colonial
presence in Africa after 1920?
a. Germany
b. Great Britain
c. France
d. Portugal
e. Belgium
The provisions of the United Nations Conference
on the Law of the Sea coastal countries
navigational and economic sovereignty over
which of the following zones?
a. Twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea zone
b. Export processing zone (EPZ)
c. 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone
d. Empowerment zone
e. Continental shelf
The provisions of the United Nations Conference
on the Law of the Sea coastal countries
navigational and economic sovereignty over
which of the following zones?
a. Twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea zone
b. Export processing zone (EPZ)
c. 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone
d. Empowerment zone
e. Continental shelf
The Canadian government created the new
territory of Nunavut in order to
a. Re-create the pre-1912 boundary of Quebec
b. Recognize the territorial rights of indigenous
people in the area
c. Facilitate the exploration of mineral resources
in the Northwest Territories
d. Grant autonomy to the Cree and Mohawk
people living in eastern Canada
e. Guarantee Canadian fishing rights in the
Atlantic Ocean
The Canadian government created the new
territory of Nunavut in order to
a. Re-create the pre-1912 boundary of Quebec
b. Recognize the territorial rights of indigenous
people in the area
c. Facilitate the exploration of mineral resources
in the Northwest Territories
d. Grant autonomy to the Cree and Mohawk
people living in eastern Canada
e. Guarantee Canadian fishing rights in the
Atlantic Ocean
Inuit people – The First Nations