HS 20 - Weir
Carbohydrates
What is a Carbohydrate?
 Carbohydrates are the main source of ____________the body burns to get its
_____________________.
 They are organic compounds in tissues or food that can be broken down to be one of
the main sources of energy for humans or animals; mainly ______________________
and ____________________.
 Examples of Carbohydrates:






______________
Lactose
Dextrose
______________
Cellulose
Glucose
**Hint: “ose” ending indicates sugar – _______________ are a type of carbohydrate**
 Carbohydrates are a necessary part of a healthy diet, offering your body nutrients it can
convert to glucose to power muscles
 We will focus on 3 kinds of carbohydrates:
◦
__________________________________________________________________
◦
__________________________________________________________________
◦
__________________________________________________________________
Carbohydrate Classification: Carbohydrates are classified by how many
_______________________ they contain. These are the sub-units of carbohydrates.
1. Monosaccharides (simple carbohydrate)
 These are the simplest sugars. They contain a ______________ sugar unit.
 Mono = 1 , saccharide = sugar
 Examples:
___________________ (fruit sugar)
___________________ (blood sugar – the sugar produced when
you digest carbohydrates, also found in some foods)
2. Disaccharides (simple carbohydrate)
 A carbohydrate with _________ units of sugar is called a double sugar or a
disaccharide
 This is the combination of 2 monosaccharides
 Di = 2, saccharide = sugar
 Examples:
___________________ (table sugar)
___________________ (found in seeds of plants)
___________________ (milk sugar)
 They come together using a process known as Dehydration Synthesis, which means to
put together while losing water.
3. Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrate)
 these carbs have __________________________ units of sugar linked together
 formed by the union of ____________ monosaccharide sub units
 Poly = many, saccharide = sugar
 Your body takes longer to digest a complex carbohydrate than a simple
carbohydrate.
 Examples:
___________________(found in potatoes, pasta & rice)
As previously mentioned carbohydrates are the body’s most important fuel source.
ONLY monosaccharides can directly enter the blood stream from the digestive system. Whereas
disaccharides and polysaccharides must be __________________________ before the body
can use them.
For example: Sucrose cannot be used by the body until it is broken down into Glucose &
Fructose. This process is known as _______________________- the chemical breakdown of a
compound due to reaction with water
Carbohydrates & Digestion:
 Carbohydrates are a type of ______________________________ found in many foods
and beverages.
 Most carbohydrates are _________________________________ in plant-based foods,
such as grains.
 Food manufacturers also add carbohydrates to processed foods in the form of starch or
added sugar.
**Note: Starch = substance occurring widely in plant tissue and obtained mostly from
cereals and potatoes.
-
A polysaccharide that functions as a carbohydrate store
A good source of energy and the main source of a range of nutrients in
our diet
 Carbs are the main source of energy for the ________________, the _____________
and the central nervous system. The brain runs exclusively on energy from
carbohydrates.
Let’s take a close look at the 3 types of Carbohydrates:
1) Simple Carbohydrates
 Are composed of 1 – 2 sugar units
 Are the __________________ source of energy, as they are very rapidly broken
down and digested.
 This quick digestion cause _____________ levels to spike and the more insulin
we produce the more fat we store.
**Note: Insulin  A hormone produced in the pancreas by that regulates the amount of
glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.
 Simple carbs can cause mood swings, are low in nutrients and can lead to a lack
of energy.
 Foods: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
2) Complex Carbohydrates
 Made up of many sugar units
 Can be found in the natural form (ex. Brown rice) or the refined form (ex. White
bread)
 They are structurally more complex and therefore take __________________ to
be broken down and digested.
 These enter the blood stream _____________________.
 These trigger only a ___________ rise in blood sugar and insulin which stabilizes
appetite. **This causes less carbs to be stored as fat.**
 Foods: Fruits & Veggies, beans, whole grain pasta, multi-grain bread, etc.
3) Dietary Fiber/Indigestible
 The human body is __________________________________________________
fiber into small enough units to absorb it.
 Since fiber cannot be broken down it is ______a source of energy, but it can
promote health in other ways.
 Bacteria living naturally in your intestines convert very small amounts of dietary
fiber into fatty acids
There are 2 types of fiber:
-
-
_______________ fiber dissolves in water and may help to ________
digestion and help your body absorb vital nutrients from some foods.
Insoluble fiber promotes the movement of material
through your digestive system and increases stool bulk, so it can be of
benefit to those who struggle with ________________________ or
irregular stools.
Eating lots of insoluble fiber also helps keeps you regular, and if you do
get constipated, adding more of it to your diet can get things moving
 Foods: ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
How does the body use the sugars produced from Carbohydrates?
 When sugars are ready to be used by the body they will be transported from the
______________________________ to the ____________ via the bloodstream.
 The liver changes all incoming monosaccharides to ____________________.
 The glucose is then transported to the _____________ of the body.
 Cells use glucose as fuel for the muscles and to build & repair body tissue
 If the liver has an ________________ of glucose it will store it as glycogen (stores carbs)
 If blood sugar drops, the liver will use the glycogen storage to create more __________.
Carbohydrate Diets:
CARB-RICH DIET:
 Carb-rich diets tend to increase ____________________ & girth
 Can increase intake of these essential vitamins:
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Calcium
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Vitamin A
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Vitamin C
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Magnesium
LOW CARB DIET:
 Low-carb diets do promote ______________________________________________ but
can be accompanied by long term dangers
Risks of a Low Carb Diet may include:

Protein is stolen for energy
- Osteoporosis

___________________________________
- _____________________________

Gout
Note: When determining the intake of carbohydrates into your diet. It is just as important to
consider the _____________as it is the amount. EX: Simple, complex, Indigestible
What foods contain what nutrients?
Grain Products:
Contain:
◦
__________________________________
◦
Fiber
◦
Minerals
◦
__________________________________
* Whole grain options are the best
Dairy Products:
Contain:
◦
Simple carbohydrates
◦
Protein
◦
___________________________________
Fruits & Vegetables:
Contain:
◦
Complex and simple carbohydrates
◦
___________________________________
◦
____________________________________
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Water
◦
Minerals
Sugar Foods & Drinks:
Contain: - Simple Carbohydrates
- _______________________________