HISTORY OF JOURNALISM BIRTH of journalism • History of JOURNALISM=history of TECHNOLOGY • Every society spreads news… • Story of Marathon (490 B.C.) • Wandering minstrels (middle ages 400’s-1400’s) 1400’s • Printing press (around 1440) – Gutenberg (Johann) 1500’s • CENSORSHIP! – Henry VIII • • • • List of prohibited books Forced printers to obtain licenses Arrests for sedition (rebelling against authority) “unfitting worddes” 1600’s • 1610 – First weekly newspapers – Cologne and Vienna • 1644 – John Milton (poet) pleas for free speech (Areopagitica) – US later modeled free press rights after this • 1690 - First American newspaper starts/fails – Boston Publick Occurrences 1700’s • 1704 – First successful American newspaper • The Boston News-Letter • 1729 – BEN FRANKLIN Pennsylvania Gazette • Bold! Best paper! • Postriders (throughout 1700’s) delivered news • 1735 – Freedom of the press – John Paul Zenger – libel (NY Governor) acquitted! • 1765 – Stamp Act! – Raised prices 50%...repealed after violent protest – (Boston Tea Party 1773, Tea act 1773) 1700’s continued… • 1776—Declaration of Independence printed in more than 20 colonial newspapers • 1783—First DAILY U.S. newspaper • 1791—BILL OF RIGHTS! Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. 1800’s • 1825 – First cylinder press! 1830’s • Homing pigeons! (500 mpd) • Pony Express! 1840’s • Telegraph! – Long-distance reporting • Fredrick Douglass – The North Star – Fighting slavery 1850’s • NEW YORK TIMES 1860-1870’s • HUNDREDS of reporters cover a big event – What was it? – Civil War! • First (practical) typewriter invented • 1876 – What was invented? – Telephone! 1880-90’s • First PHOTOGRAP H • First bylines 1900’s • Early 1900’s--Mudrackers! Expose injustice! Write for REFORM! • 1920 – First regular RADIO SCHEDULE! • 1934 – ASSOCIATED PRESS (photos) • 1939 – Commercial TELEVISION • 1963 – Kennedy assassination watched by 96% of people who had TVs. 1900’s cont. • 1945 – 2,000 Americans owned televisions • 1960 – 90% of American homes had TV • Late 1960’s – Anti-war UNDERGROUND newspapers! • 1974 – Nixon brought down by investigative reporting. • 1976 – Apple II (home computer) • 1976 – Nintendo! 1900’s cont. • 1980 – Ted Turner– CNN! First 24-hour news channel • 1982 – USA Today – SHOCKING! – Short – Colorful • 1990’s – Internet wires the planet! What’s next? • • • • WikiLeaks Wikipedia Print newspapers are dwindling On-line news sources – Photos – Videos – Links – Interactive YOUR TASK! • Make a timeline! • Include 10 key events in the history of journalism. • Be creative! • Work alone or with a partner. • Make it memorable! • Suggestions: Inspiration…string and paper…PowerPoint…Timeglider.com…Comic Life…