Warm-Up Look at our planes dotplot What percent of people do you think flew their plane more than 30 feet? What percent of people do you think flew their plane less than 5 feet? Section 2.1 Describing Location in a Distribution Measuring Position Percentile – the pth percentile of a distribution is the value with p percent of the observations less than it. Example – Alexis is in the 95th percentile for height for her age…that means that 95% of three year olds are shorter than her. What are some other examples where you have already seen percentiles in your daily life? Example Use the scores of Mr. Pryor’s first statistics test to find the percentiles for the following students: Norman – earned a 72 Katie – earned a 93 The two students who earned 80’s Scores of class: 79 81 80 77 73 83 74 93 78 80 75 67 73 77 83 86 90 79 85 83 89 84 82 77 72 Cumulative Relative Frequency Graphs These are made with percentiles! Example (President’s age at Inauguration): Age 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 Frequency 2 7 13 12 7 3 Take that data and graph it! Questions based on that… What percent of presidents were between 55 and 59? Was Barack Obama, who was inaugurated at age 47, unusually young? Estimate and interpret the 65th percentile of the distribution. Z-Scores Standardized Value (Z-Score) – if x is an observation from a distribution that has known mean and standard deviation, the standardized value of is 𝑥 − 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑧= 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑛 “how many standard deviations is something above or below the mean” Use Mr. Pryor’s tests… Mean is 80 Standard deviation is 6.07 Find the z-score for Katie – scored a 93 Find the z-score for Norman – earned a 72 Our planes answers! In order to find the actual percentiles (tomorrow) we need to find the z-scores of each observation I asked you about. 30 feet 5 feet Computer Outputs Transforming Data Effect of Adding (or Subtracting) a constant: adding the same number to each observation Adds that number to measures of center and location (mean, median, quartiles, percentiles) Does not change the shape of the distribution of measures of spread (range, IQR, standard deviation) Effect of Multiplying (or Dividing) by a constant: Multiplies (divides) measures of center and location (mean, median, quartiles, percentiles) by b Multiplies (divides) measures of spread (range, IQR, standard deviation) by 𝑏 (can’t have a negative variability) Does not change the shape of the distribution Examples Look at our planes – What if I added three feet to every observation? What if we multiplied every observation by 2? Homework Pg 105 (1-18)