Unit 2 Properties of the hair and scalp – question sheet
Adapted from: “Milady’s Standard Theory Workbook. 1999”.
ANSWER KEY
Unit 2 PROPERTIES OF THE HAIR AND SCALP/SCALP
TREATMENTS
Text Pages 47 – 80 (skip pages 60 – 73)
Point to Ponder
“Things may come to those who wait, but only the things that are left by those who hustle.”
- Abraham Lincon
Hair
1. The study of hair is called ________(Trichology)_____________.
2. The two main purposes of the hair are:
a. _________adornment – look good____
b. ________protection_________-
3. Hair is an appendage of the __________skin and scalp___.
4. There are three types of hair on the body:
a. _______long hair____
b. _________short/bristly hair___
c. ________vellus_______
5. Hair is distributed all over they body, except for what four areas:
a. _____palms of the hands___
b. ___soles of the feet___
c. ___lips_________________
d. ___eyelids__________
6. Hair on the face is called ____barba_____.
Hair on the head is called _____capilli_____.
Hair of the eyelashes is called _____cilia_____.
Hair of the eyebrows is called ____supercilia____.
7. The name of the protein that hair is made of is ____keratin___.
8. Hair is divided into two principle parts: the ________root__ and the _____shaft___.
9. The small involuntary muscle attached to the hair follicle is called an _______arrector
pili muscle_______. Fear of cold causes this muscle to contract, causing the hair to stand
up.
10. Within the hair papilla is a rich blood and nerve supply that contributes to the _______
growth____ and _______regeneration____ of the hair.
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Unit 2 Properties of the hair and scalp – question sheet
Adapted from: “Milady’s Standard Theory Workbook. 1999”.
11. Identify the parts of the skin and the hair illustrated below.
12. Matching: Match the terms on the left with their correct descriptions on the right.
e____ _ 1. follicle
a. club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the root.
c___ _ 2. arrector pilli
b. natural flow of hair
f____ _ 3. sebum
c. an involuntary muscle attached to the underside of the hair follicle.
d_____ 4. hair root
d. hair structure located beneath the skin surface, enclosed within the
hair follicle.
a_____ 5. bulb
e. tubelike depression that encases the hair root.
h_____ 6. hair shaft
f. oil that gives luster and pliability.
b_____ 7. hair stream
g. small cone-shaped elevation located at the bottom of the hair
follicle.
g_____ 8. papilla
h. hair structure extending above the skin surface.
i_____ 9. sebaceous gland i. Oil gland consisting of sac-like structures in the dermis.
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Unit 2 Properties of the hair and scalp – question sheet
Adapted from: “Milady’s Standard Theory Workbook. 1999”.
13. Name the three layers of the hair shaft.
a. ___cuticle_______ b. ___cortex_____
c. __medulla_______
14. The outside layer of the hair shaft is the ____cuticle___ and is composed of
____transparent___, ___overlapping___, ___protective___, and ____scalelike___cells
that point away from the scalp toward the hair ends.
15. The middle layer of the hair shaft is the ___cortex______, which gives hair its strength
and ___elasticity___. This layer contains the ____pigment___ that gives the hair its
color.
16. The innermost layer of hair shaft is the ____medulla____. This layer may be absent in
very fine hair.
17. The hair’s coloring matter, called ______melanin__, is found in the hair’s ___cortex___
layer.
18. A person born with no coloring matter in the hair shaft, skin, or irises is known as an
___albino___.
19. Gray hair is caused by the absence of pigment in the ____cortex___ layer.
20. If the papilla is destroyed, the hair will continue to grow. True or False? ____false___.
21. How often are eyebrows and eyelashes replaced? __________every 4 – 5 months___.
22. On average, hair grows _____1/2 inch___ per month.
23. Hair grows for a period of ___ 2-6 ____ years.
24. Average daily shedding is between ___40___ and ___100___ hairs.
25. Hair stream is ____hair flowing in the same direction___ as a result of follicles sloping in
the same direction.
26. Hair that forms a circular pattern is called a ___whorl___, and a tuft of hair standig up in
known as a ___cowlick___.
27. Straight hair is usually __round___ in shape. Wavy hair is usually ____oval___ in shape.
Curly, kinky hair is almost ___flat____ in shape.
28. List four senses you use in determining hair condition.
a. ____sight_____
b. _____touch_____
c. ____hearing____
d. _____smell_____
29. Define hair texture. _________the degree of coarseness of fineness of the hair_____.
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Unit 2 Properties of the hair and scalp – question sheet
Adapted from: “Milady’s Standard Theory Workbook. 1999”.
30. What layer of the hair is missing in fine hair? __the medulla____
31. Define hair porosity. _________the ability of all types of hair to absorb moisture______.
32. Define elasticity. _________________the ability of hair to stretch and return to its
original form without breaking________.
33. Wet hair can be stretched ___40___% to ___50____% of its length.
34. The 2 types of dandruff are: ______pityriasis capitis simplex – dry type____ and
____Pityriasis steatoides – greasy or waxy type____.
35. The technical term for any abnormal hair loss is called ____alopecia____.
36. A vegetable parasitic infection is tinea. What is tinea? _________the medical term for
ringworm____.
37. Two animal parasitic infections are ___scabies (caused by an itch mite)__ and
__pediculosis capitis (headlice)____.
38. A type of staphylococci infection is a boil. Another name for a boil is a ___furuncle___.
39. A ____carbuncle___ is a staphylococci infection that is larger than a furuncle.
Disorders of the hair
40. Matching: Match the terms on the left with their correct descriptions on the right.
D_____ 1. canities
a. alternate bands of gray and dark hair.
C_____ 2. congenital canities
b. split hair ends
H_____ 3. acquired canities
c. gray hair at birth
A_____ 4. ringed hair
d. gray hair
G_____ 5. hypertrichosis
B_____ 6. trichoptilosis
e. knotted hair
f. brittle hair
E_____ 7. trichorrhexis nodosa g. superfluous hair
I_____ 8. monilethrix
h. gray hair due to old age
F_____ 9. fragilitas crinium
i. beaded hair
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Unit 2 Properties of the hair and scalp – question sheet
Adapted from: “Milady’s Standard Theory Workbook. 1999”.
pH scale – text pages 94 and 622
41. The letters pH stand for _____potential hydrogen____.
42. What is the range of pH scale? ___0 – 14____
43. The amount of __hydrogen____ in a solution determines whether it is more alkaline or
more ____acid___.
44. The higher the pH, the stronger and ___harsher___ the shampoo, which can leave the hair
dry and ___brittle___.
45. What does a pH value if 7 mean? _____ the product is neutral_____
46. Anything greater than 7 on the pH scale is considered ___alkaline_____.
47. Anything less than 7 on the pH scale is considered an ____acid_____.
48. What is the pH of hair? _______4.5 – 5.5______
49. The farther down each side of the pH scale the more ____damage___ that may occur to
the hair___shaft_____
50. ____Alkaline____ products soften and swell (open) the cuticle layer of the hair shaft.
51. ____Acid based____ products close the cuticle layer of the hair shaft.
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Unit 2 Properties of the hair and scalp – question sheet
Adapted from: “Milady’s Standard Theory Workbook. 1999”.
Theory of Massage – pages 466 - 473
52. Identification Match: Using the letters E, P, F, T, and V (as defied below), match the
correct characteristics listed below with one of the massage manipulations.
Key
E = effleurage
P = petrissage
F = friction
T = tapotement or percussion
V = vibration
Characteristics
E_____
1. a light, continuous stroking movement
P_____
2. squeeze, roll, or pinch
T_____
3. the most stimulating massage movement
E_____
4. no pressure is used
F_____
5. chucking, rolling, and wringing are variations
V_____
6. accomplished by rapid muscular contractions in your arms
P_____
7. a kneading movement
V_____
8. limit to a few seconds on any one spot
E_____
9. has soothing and relaxing effects
V_____ 10. a shaking movement
F_____ 11. influences circulation and glandular activity of the skin
P_____ 12. invigorating movement for deep stimulation
T_____ 13. tapping, slapping, and hacking movements
53. Name the three health considerations that prevent your giving a massage.
a. ___high blood pressure___
b. ______heart condition___
c. ___stroke_________
54. Why is massage harmful to clients with the health conditions named above?
_____________it increases circulation______.
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Unit 2 Properties of the hair and scalp – question sheet
Adapted from: “Milady’s Standard Theory Workbook. 1999”.
55. List the seven benefits of massage.
a. ___the skin and all its structures are nourished______
b. ___the skin is rendered soft and pliable__________
c. ___the circulation of the blood is increased_______
d. ___the activity of the skin glands is stimulated_____
e. ___the muscle fiber is stimulated and strengthened____
f. ___the nerves are soothed and rested______
g. ___pain is sometimes relieved_________
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