CHAPTER 17
CELL DIVISION
17.1 The Cell Cycle
1.
Describe the 2 phases of the cell division.
2.
Define mitosis.
3.
Differentiate between parent and daughter cells.
4.
Define Interphase.
5.
Describe what happens to a cell during interphase.
Chromosome Structure
6.
Define Chromatin.
7.
Compare condensed and uncondensed chromosomes.
8.
Copy Figure 3 into your notes.
9.
Define centromere.
10.
Define sister chromatids.
Interphase
11.
Do cells spend a lot of time in interphase or do they spend very little time in interphase?
12.
What stages are included in Interphase?
13.
Describe the chromosomes during the 3 stages of Interphase.
The Stages of Mitosis
14.
Define/describe the following terms as they related to prophase: centriole, & spindle fiber.
15.
What is the function of the centromere?
16.
What happens to the nuclear membrane during prophase?

17.
Name the second phase of cell division.
18.
Where do the chromosomes move to or travel toward?
19.
Name the third phase of cell division.
20.
Describe the main event that takes place during anaphase.
21.
Name the fourth and final phase of cell division.
22.
Describe what happens to the cell during telophase.
23.
Define cytokinesis.
24.
What is the purpose or function served by the process of cytokinesis?
25.
How does the process of cytokinesis differ in plant and animal cells?
A Cell Clock
26.
What types of cells can divide endlessly?
17.2 Applications of the Cell Clock
Cloning
27.
Define cloning.
28.
Why is cloning referred to as a form of asexual reproduction?
29.
What are "buds" and "runners", and how do they give clones an advantage over alternate methods of reproduction?
30.
Compare monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
31.
Define enucleated.
32.
Why did Briggs and King fail to clone a frog when they used cells from a gastrula, but succeed when they used frog cells from a blastula?
Cloning
33.
Copy a simplified diagram of Figure 6 into your notes.

34.
Read about how the cloned sheep Dolly was created.
35.
What are the 2 benefits described from the availability of cloned organisms?
36.
What are stem cells?
Mitosis and Telomeres
For interest only…not tested!
37.
Define Telomeres
38.
What happens to the telomeres every time a cell divides?
39.
How does the telomere length determine the aging process of a cell?
40.
Why is it predicted that Dolly died 6 years younger than average?
41.
What 2 characteristics do cancer cells have that normal cells do not?
17.3 MEIOSIS
42.
What is meiosis?
43.
How are sex cells formed from meiosis different that the daughter cells formed by mitosis?
44.
What is another name for sex cells?
45.
How many chromosomes are in a human cell after it has undergone meiosis?
46.
Differentiate between diploid and haploid cells.
47.
How is your appearance determined by the chromosomes you receive from your mom and dad?
48.
How does sexual reproduction create a greater range of characteristics within a species?
49.
What are homologous chromosomes?
50.
How are X and Y chromosomes related to whether an individual is male or female?
STAGES OF MEIOSIS
51.
How many steps occur in meiosis and what is the product?

52.
What is another name for meiosis I?
53.
How many chromosomes are in the 2 cells that are produced as a result of meiosis I?
54.
What are the 4 stages of Meiosis I and Meiosis II?
55.
List the steps that occur during Prophase 1.
56.
Define tetrad.
57.
Define synapsis and crossing-over.
58.
What is the benefit of crossing over?
59.
Describe the events of Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, and Telophase 1.
60.
During what stage of meiosis 1 does segregation occur?
61.
How are the cells formed at the end of telophase I different than the cells formed by regular telophase?
62.
What happens to the 2 haploid cells during meiosis II?
63.
Name the 4 stages of meiosis II and give a brief description of what happens in each stage.
Comparing Mitosis and Meiosis
64.
Compare somatic cells and sex cells.
65.
Compare the end result of Mitosis and Meiosis.
66.
Spend a few moments reviewing Figures 7 & 8.
67.
Do question #7 page 578.
DEVELOPMENT OF MALE & FEMALE GAMETES
68.
Define gametogenesis.
69.
Differentiate between an ootid and polar body.
70.
How is meiosis different in the formation of eggs and sperm?

71.
Why don't sperm cells contain a lot of cytoplasm?
72.
How are males and females different in regards to their production of sex cells?
73.
Differentiate between sex chromosomes and autosomes. (page 629)
Cell Division and Life Cycles
74.
Copy Figure 10 & 11 into your notes; identify “n” or “2n” at each "green oval”.
17.4 ABNORMAL MEIOSIS
75.
Define nondisjunction.
76.
How many chromosomes are found in the 2 gametes formed during nondisjunction?
77.
Define polyploidy.
78.
Define trisomy.
79.
Define monosomy.
NONDISJUNCTION DISORDERS
80.
What is the cause of Down Syndrome?
81.
Identify some of the characteristics of people who suffer from Down Syndrome.
82.
How is the age of the mother related to the chance of her baby having Down Syndrome?
83.
What is the cause of Turner Syndrome?
84.
Identify some of the characteristics of a female who is suffering from Turner Syndrome.
85.
How often are Turner Syndrome babies born?
86.
What is the cause of Klinefelter Syndrome?
87.
Describe an individual who suffers from Klinefelter Syndrome.
88.
How often are babies born with Klinefelter Syndrome?
89.
Define karyotype.
90.
What phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes obtained for a karyotype? Why?