Semester II Review
Semester II Review
• Which of the following elements has
the smallest first ionization energy:
potassium or calcium?
• Which of the following has the
smallest atomic radius: O or S?
• The energy required to remove an
electron from a gaseous atom is
called the Ionization energy.
Semester II Review
•
•
•
Atomic size generally decreases as you
move left to right in a period.
How does atomic radius change down a
group in the periodic table?Increases
How does ionization energy change as
you move up and to right on the periodic
table? Decreases up and increases to the
right
Semester II Review
• Sheilding will increase as you go down a
group.
• Sheilding will remain constant as you
move left to right across a period.
• Electronegativity will decrease as you
move down and to the left.
• Columns on the periodic table are known
as groups or families.
• Rows on the table are known as periods.
Semester II Review
• Name the following compounds:
– HBr
– NaOH
– FeO
– HNO3
– SO3
– Li3PO4
Hydrobromic acid (bromide)
Sodium Hydroxide
Iron (II) Oxide
Nitric Acid (nitrate)
Sulfur Trioxide (molecule all nonmetals)
Lithium Phosphate
Semester II Review
• Give the formula for the following
compounds.
– Carbonic acid
H2CO3
– Manganese (II) chloride MnCl2
– Calcium nitride
Ca3N2
– Hydrochloric acid
HCl
– Dinitrogen Tetroxide
N2O4
Semester II Review
• For the following compound, draw its lewis
structure, give the electron tally,
hybridization, name of shape, bond
angles, and determine if it is polar or not.
• SO2
Semester II Review
• For the following compound, draw its lewis
structure, give the electron tally,
hybridization, name of shape, bond
angles, and determine if it is polar or not.
• NH3
Semester II Review
• For the following compound, draw its lewis
structure, give the electron tally,
hybridization, name of shape, bond
angles, and determine if it is polar or not.
• SO42-
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
•
SM II Review
Complete, Balance, and Classify each Rxn
2Al + 3S  Al2S3
NaCl + AgNO3  AgCl + NaNO3
C3H8 + 5O2  3CO2 + 4H2O
2H2O  2H2 + O2
2Li + Na2CO3  2Na + Li2CO3
In every chemical reaction, what item(s)
is/are conserved? Mass and Atoms
SM II Review
• For a given chemical reaction, the
theoretical yield is generally more
than the actual yield
• The first step in most stoichiometry
problems is to balance the equation.
SM II Review
• Hydrogen gas reacts with nitrogen gas to form
ammonia gas.
– Write and balance the equation
– 3H2 + N2  2NH3
– Determine the Limiting reactant if 3.50 g of
hydrogen reacts with 42.0 g of nitrogen.
– What is the theoretical yield of the above
problem? 39.4 g NH3
– What is the % yield if the reaction produced
15.3 g of ammonia. 38.8 %
SM II Review
• What is the empirical formula of a
compound that is 32.37 % Na, 22.58 % S,
and 45.05 % O. Na2SO4
• If the molecular formula molar mass is
284.10, what is the molecular formula of
the above compound. Na4S2O8
• What is the percent composition of FeO?
77.73% Fe and 22.27% O
SM II Review
• If the volume of a container holding a gas
is reduced, what will happen to the
pressure within the container? Increase
• What happens to the temperature of a gas
when it is compressed? Increases
• What happens to the pressure of a gas
inside a container, if the temperature of the
gas is lowered? Decreases
• The volume of a gas is doubled while the
temperature is held constant. How does
the gas pressure change? Decreases by 2
times
SM II Review
• Boyle’s law states that PV = K, inverse
proportion.
• Charles’ law states that V/T = K, direct
proportion.
• Gay-Lussac’s law states that P/T = K, direct
proportion.
• Avogadro’s law states that V/n = K, direct
proportion.
• Dalton's Law states that sum of all the pressures
= the total pressure.
• Graham's law states that gases with smaller
masses with effuse and diffuse faster than gases
with larger masses.
Semester II Review
• How many grams of CO2 are produced
when 34.6 L of CH4 combusts with oxygen
at a pressure of 1.78 atm and a
temperature of 28oC.
• Balance the equation first. (combustion of
hydrocarbon)
• CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O
• 2.49 mol CH4 will produce 110. g CO2
SM II Review
• A gas confined in a 305 mL container
exerts a pressure of 1.07 atm at 38.6°C. At
what Celsius temperature will it exert a
pressure of 2.75 atm if it is placed into a
644 mL container?
• 1506 K - 273 = 1233 °C
SM II Review
• What is the pressure inside a 3.0 L flask if
30.5 g of Carbon Monoxide is held at a
temperature of 105.2 oC?
• 11 atm or 1100 kPa