PP220: Socially Responsible
Leadership
Faculty
Sheila Toppin, DPA (abd), MPA
Welcome to the Class
Greetings
 Availability
◦ Office hours: Sunday & Tuesday 7:00 to 9:00
pm EST (AIM ID: Sheila Toppin, by
telephone)
◦ Appointments: call or send an email message
 Warm up
• Questions???
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Course & Syllabus Info
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Units (10 weeks), Wednesday to Tuesday
Discussion Board – 1 to 2 discussions per
Unit, Wednesday to Tuesday MST
Seminar meets every Monday at 9 PM EST
Weekly Quizzes – Available until Tuesday
Team Activity– Due End of Unit 8
Announcements: Informational & Reminders
Course & Syllabus Info Con’t.
Last day to request an Incomplete: Tuesday,
3/5/12 (end of Unit 8).
 Last day of class: Saturday, 3/13/12.
 Seminar :
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◦ Cap & tassel icon denotes important
information for assignments & quizzes.
◦ Seminar Alternate assignments due within 1 week of
missed seminar. Archive available 4 hours after
seminar concludes.
Course & Syllabus Info Con’t.
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Plan B Seminar: Live (Chat) in classroom
Reading assignments are VITAL (eBook
Chapters & Articles located via Reading Icon or
DocSharing tab in classroom .)
Assignments: Upload to DropBox in
classroom
Assignment Feedback: Grading Rubrics
located in DocSharing tab in classroom.
Late Policy (assignments are accepted up to 3
weeks from the due date.)
Questions???
Unit 4 To-Do List
Readings
 Discussion (1 Topic)
 Assignment - Short Paper: 12 Angry Men
 Seminar
 Quiz
(See the To-Do Checklist PDF that is available in
the classroom to keep track each Unit)
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Unit 4 Assignment
Short Paper based on 12 Angry Men movie. Often used in
organizational behavior classes to study the way that small
groups operate.
 The jury foreman has certain powers but does not emerge
as the group's leader. There is a battle for leadership between
jurors 3 and 8. Consider what the jury is tasked to do (its
organizational goals) and how organizational members
approach accomplishing those goals. Consider how leaders
emerge from the group.
 Considerations: Jurors from different social backgrounds,
made apparent through the deliberations, demonstrate how
demographic differences and one's place in the world
influence perspective and behavior in groups.
 Given the jury's purpose, the film is also a good opportunity
for considering socially responsible behavior.
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Unit 5 To Do List
Midterm: NO Midterm Exam
 No Seminar
 Discussion Board: Non-graded (questions
& answer)
 Submit late assignments by end of Unit 5
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Questions?
Any other questions about the syllabus?
 Any other questions about what you are
to do in Unit 4 or 5?
 Any other questions?
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Unit 4 Seminar Topics
Distinguish between power, authority, and
influence.
 Discuss leadership power, and sources.
 Discuss power corruption and ways of
avoiding it.
 Class Activity – Use or Abuse of Power
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Concepts
The terms power, authority and influence are
often used interchangeably and sometimes in
different ways by different writers.
 Influence = The success of an influence attempt
can be distinguished among qualitatively distinct
outcomes: commitment, compliance, and
resistance. In general, influence is understood as
the effect of one party (the agent) on another
(the target).
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Concepts
Power is the ability of one person (the agent)
influencing the behavior and/or attitudes of
others (the target). Thus, power is not exclusive
to leaders and managers.
 Authority is power vested in a formal position.
It is the power vested in a position and
therefore, is exclusive to that position.
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Leadership & Power
The essence of leadership is influence over
others.
 Power is the engine that drives the ability to
influence others.
 To understand leadership effectiveness
therefore, an analysis of the complex web of
power relationships and influence processes in
organizations is essential.
 We also need to examine the sources of power
and the relationship of different power sources
to leadership effectiveness.
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Power Sources
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In high power distance cultures, power bases
are stable, and upward mobility is limited.
The leader’s power increases when employees
are committed to the leader’s decisions.
Expert power is the source of individual power
that is available to everyone within an
organization regardless of their position.
Referent and expert power of celebrities is
used to influence others?
Individuals with referent power can influence
others because they are liked and respected.
Power Sources
In order for leaders to get commitment from
their followers, they should rely on referent and
expert power.
 The personal appeal influence tactic is most
appropriate to use with colleagues.
 Consultation is one of the influence tactics that
rely on all sources of personal power.
 In early stages of their career, young leaders use
credibility through expertise to develop power.
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Power Sources
Top executives use different sources of power
as individuals and teams.
 One of the sources of power for executives is
the ability to control the criteria by which
decisions are made.
 It is most appropriate to use exchange as an
influence tactic with subordinates and
colleagues.
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Power Sources
Resistance, Compliance, and Commitment are
reactions to leadership power.
 To influence supervisors, rational persuasion is
the most appropriate influence tactic.
 Questions??
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Power Corruption
The factor in organizational structure that
contributes to power corruption is the degree
of centralization.
 The closer leaders are to day-to-day activities
does not mean they are more likely they are to
abuse their power.
 Fear of reprisals or weakness are factors that
cause employees to comply with corrupt
leaders.
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Power Corruption
The most common and serious consequence of
power corruption is poor decision making.
 Both individual and organizational factors
contribute to corruption that is caused by too
much power.
 Managers who abuse power often have an
inflated view of themselves.
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Power Corruption
Managers who abuse power do not
surround themselves with highly
competent followers.
 Questions??
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Ways to Avoid Power Corruption
Accountability. Leaders who know that they
will be held accountable for their actions are
much more likely to consider the consequences
of their actions and act thoughtfully.
 Encouraging open and broad communication
and feedback. The more followers and others
are able to provide feedback both to the leader
and to other powerful members of the
organization, the more likely it is that
destructive leaders will be detected and power
abuses stopped.
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Ways to Avoid Power Corruption
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Empowerment
◦ The most important organizational factor in
empowerment is decentralizing the structure.
◦ Effective in enhancing employees' belief in
their abilities and provide them with a sense
of control and accomplishment.
◦ Organizations that implement empowerment
do not have to lower their performance
standards.
Ways to Avoid Power Corruption
Empowerment Con’t. Followers who are
empowered - do not depend on their leader are less likely to contribute to the corruption
cycle.
 Involving the leader in day-to-day activities. The
closer the leader is to the day-to-day activities
of followers and to the organization’s
customers, the less likely is leader corruption.
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Ways to Avoid Power Corruption
◦ Promote Teamwork
◦ Teams can rely on individual sources of power
to maintain power and be effective.
◦ The concept of strategic contingencies
suggests that teams must address the needs of
strategic stakeholders inside the organization.
◦ Teams acquire power in organizations by
addressing strategic contingencies.
◦ Teams increase their power as they are able
to remove obstacles for others in the
organization.
Ways to Avoid Power Corruption
Using objective measures of performance.
Precise measurement or based on direct
feedback from relevant constituents, is one way
to curtail the excessive power of the leader and
ensure proper and accurate flow of information.
 Changing and monitoring the organizational
culture. The most difficult and most effective
solution to preventing power corruption is a
change in the culture and structure of
organizations.
 Questions??
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Class Activity
Article: Do you use or use power? by
Graham Yemm
http://ezinearticles.com/?Leadership---DoYou-Use-or-Abuse-Power?&id=230287
Unit 4 Seminar Topics
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Class Activity – Individual Personality
Assessments
Unit 4 Seminar Summary
Distinguished between power, authority,
and influence.
 Discussed leadership power, and sources.
 Discussed power corruption and ways of
avoiding it.
 Class Activity – Discussed Use or Abuse
of Power? Article
 Final Questions???
 Dismissal
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