INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ
Podpora rozvoje cizích jazyků pro Evropu
21. stol.
Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a
státním rozpočtem České republiky.
Ernest Hemingway
1899-1961
Biography
He started his career as a writer in a newspaper office
at the age of seventeen. After the United States
entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer
ambulance unit in the Italian army. Serving at the
front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian
Government, and spent considerable time in hospitals.
After his return to the United States, he became a
reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and
was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as
the Greek Revolution.
Biography
During the twenties, Hamingway became a member of the group
of expatriate Americans in Paris, which he described in his first
novel, The Sun Also Rises (1926). Equally successful was A
Farewell to Arms (1929), the study of an American ambulance
officer's disillusionment in the war and his role as a deserter.
Hemingway used his experiences as a reporter during the civil war
in Spain as the background for his most ambitious novel, For
Whom the Bell Tolls (1940). Among his later works, the most
outstanding is the short novel, The Old Man and the Sea (1952),
the story of an old fisherman's journey, his long and lonely struggle
with a fish and the sea, and his victory in defeat.
Hemingway - himself a great sportsman - liked to
portray soldiers, hunters, bullfighters - tough, at times
primitive people whose courage and honesty are set
against the brutal ways of modern society, and who in
this confrontation lose hope and faith. His
straightforward prose, his spare dialogue, and his use of
understatement are particularly effective in his short
stories, some of which are collected in Men Without
Women (1927) and The Fifth Column and the First
Forty-Nine Stories (1938). Hemingway died in 1961.
Biography video
Hemingway in World War I uniform (1918)
Hemingway's 1923 passport
Hemingway in 1939
Ernest Hemingway writing in Kenya in 1953
Main works
The Sun Also Rises (1926)
A Farewell to Arms (1929)
For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)
The Old Man and the Sea (1952)
The Lost Generation
The term “lost generation” was coined by
Gertrude Stein, a lost generation writer
herself, after World War I. It was between
the first and second World Wars. Speaking
to Ernest Hemingway, she said, "you are
all a lost generation."
The Lost Generation is a term used to describe a
group of American writers who were rebelling against
what America had become by the 1900’s. Seeking the
bohemian lifestyle and rejecting the values of
American materialism, a number of intellectuals,
poets, artists and writers fled to France in the post
World War I years. Paris was the center of it all. Full
of youthful idealism, these individuals sought the
meaning of life, drank excessively, had love affairs
and created some of the finest American literature to
date.
Writers of the Lost Generation
F. Scott Fitzgerald
T. S. Eliot
Ezra Pound
Gertrude Stein
Ernest Hemingway
John Dos Passos
T. S. Eliot
Ezra Pound
Gertrude Stein
'For a true writer each book should be a
new beginning where he tries again for
something that is beyond attainment. He
should always try for something that has
never been done or that others have tired
and failed. Then sometimes, with great
luck, he will succeed.'
Hemingway upon receiving the Novel Prize in
literature,1954
Watch and listen Ernest Hemingway's Nobel Prize acceptance speech
The Old Man and the Sea
This novella is a
story of an epic
struggle between an
old fisherman and
the greatest catch of
his life.
The Old Man and the Sea
- plot
After eighty-four days without catching a
fish, Santiago promises his former assistant
Manolin that he will go “far out” into the
ocean. The marlin takes the bait, but
Santiago is unable to pull him in, which
leads to a three-day struggle between the
fisherman and the fish.
The marlin circles the boat while Santiago
slowly reels him in. Santiago is exhausted but
finds enough strength to harpoon the marlin
through the heart.
Santiago sails back to shore with the marlin tied to his
boat. Sharks keep attacking the boat. Santiago arrives
home with the fish’s sceleton only.
The village fishermen and touriststs come to
admire the fish. Manolin and Santiago agree to
fish together again.
Santiago falls into a deep sleep and dreams of lions.
Santiago
He is humble but proud, confident abouthis
abilities. He has a great knowledge of the sea
and its creatures which helps him keep a sense of
hope in the most difficult situations. Throughout
his life, Santiago has been presented with
contests to test his strength and endurance.
The marlin
The fishing line serves as a symbol of the
fraternal connection Santiago feels with
the fish. When the captured marlin is
later destroyed by sharks, Santiago feels
destroyed as well. Like Santiago, the
marlin is implicitly compared to Christ.
Symbols of the marlin
Magnificent and glorious, the marlin
symbolizes the ideal opponent. In a world in
which “everything kills everything else in
some way,” Santiago feels genuinely lucky
to find himself matched against a creature
that brings out the best in him: his strength
and courage, his love and respect.
“I have never seen or heard of such a fish. But I must
kill him. I am glad we do not have to try to kill the
stars.” Imagine if each day a man must try to kill the
moon, he thought. The moon runs away. . . . Then he
was sorry for the great fish that had nothing to eat and
his determination to kill him never relaxed in his sorrow
for him. . . . There is no one worthy of eating him from
the manner of his behavior and his great dignity. I do
not understand these things, he thought. But it is good
that we do not have to try to kill the sun or the moon or
the stars. It is enough to live on the sea and kill our true
brothers.
——Selected from The Old Man and the Sea
The Old Man and the Sea
Animated film - part 1
Film part 2
The Sun Also Rises
• The novel takes place in Europe in 1922.
The post-war ‘Lost Generation' of veterans
who 'continued to live as if they were about
to die'.They wander about Europe, drinking,
having affairs, and finding no lasting
satisfaction in anything.
• The novel made Hemingway famous and
influenced the writing style of the whole
generation of authors.
Characters
Jake Harris - narrator of the story
newspaperman, impotent due to a war wound.
Lost direction in his life and is trying to find it
in drinking, bull fights, friends and nature
Lady Brett Ashley - attractive, promiscuous,
in love with Jake whom she can't marry
because of her sexual needs;
Mike - Brett's fiancé, Scottish veteran, close
friends with Jake and Bill, drinks too much,
shows contempt towards Cohn, is bankrupt
because of excessive borrowing.
Robert Cohn: Jewish, an outsider with an inferiority
complex. He is trying to be civil and courteous but is
the object of scorn from other characters.
Bill Gorton: Jake's old friend , less cruel than
Michael in his attitudes towards Cohn, a heavy
drinker, but more light-hearted than others
Pedro Romero: The star bullfighter of the fiesta,
younger than others – helped to show Lost
Generation's feelings of insecurity and disillusionment
compared to their next-younger Generation.
Personal experience and
main themes
Hemingway's own experience is reflected in the novel,
- such as feelings of having no aim or purpose in life after the
War. Some of the plot is based on real-life people and events.
Themes that run through the novel are for example
alcohol and promiscuity, ways of dealing with anxieties and
depressions.
Another common theme in the novel is money.
Historical context:
World War I
The main characters in the novel were all somehow
involved in the war. After it has ended they are
all trying to find ways to get over the tragedies they
suffered.
New Woman
“New Women” of the twenties were educated and
stylish, they smoked and drank, and they were active in
“male only” areas. This type of woman is represented
in this novel by the charater of Lady Brett Ashley. She
Was an inspiration for many young women in Americashort hairstyles, sweaters etc.
Hemingway with Lady Duff
Twysden and Hadley Hemingway,
at a cafe in Pamplona, Spain, July 1925.
INVESTICE DO ROZVOJE VZDĚLÁVÁNÍ
Tato výuková prezentace byla pořízena z finančních
prostředků hrazených Evropským sociálním fondem
a rozpočtem České republiky.
Tento projekt je spolufinancován Evropským sociálním fondem a
státním rozpočtem České republiky.