Write
Question
AND
Answer
1. Identify one transcendentalist and give a detail about them.
2. Identify two details about education reform in the early-mid 1800s.
3. Outline the Abolition vs. Pro-Slavery argument.
4. Identify three details about the Women’s Rights Movement.
Rejected Calvinism
and Predetermination
(salvation/damnation)
Unitarianism:
Believed individual
and social reform
are important
Staged revivals,
sometimes
lasting 5 days
The Second
Great Awakening
Membership
in Churches
increased
African Americans
formed their
own churches
Emphasized living
a simple life
Wrote “Walden”
Ralph Waldo
Emerson
Henry David
Thoreau
Believed Truth
is found in Nature
Transcendentalism
Believed in
Civil Disobedience
In the mid-19th Century (1800s), Dorothea Dix advocated reform for mentally ill people. She
wrote a report for the Massachusetts Legislature & convinced 9 Southern States to improve
conditions in mental institutions. Education was another area in need of reform…
Massachusetts
Pennsylvania
1837 – Horace Mann
becomes the 1st Secretary
of Education
1834 – Established a
school system that is
supported by taxes
Established teacher
training programs and
curriculum reform
Within 3 years, 42% of
school aged children were
attending
By the 1820’s, more and more reform-minded people were advocating for abolition of slavery.
Charles Finney, a revivalist preacher from Rochester, called slavery “a great national sin”.
Pro-Abolition
- William Lloyd Garrison (white man)
started a newspaper called The Liberator
- Anti-slavery associations are created
- Frederick Douglass (black man) escaped
slavery, was well spoken and well written
Pro-Slavery
- Stated the slavery benefited the black
- Stated blacks were happy with the
conditions
- Said the black slave system was better
than the wage system of the North
The Debates raged. Abolitionists pushed for immediate emancipation. Pro-slavery advocates
secured a gag rule (limiting the amount of time Congress could have debates over the issue).
Violence would erupt in places. Slaves would revolt and retaliate against slave holders.
Abolition
Appealed to the
Christian ideals to
condemn slavery
Temperance
Many wanted to prohibit drinking
1826 – the American Temperance
Society was created
Women’s Reform
Movement
Sojourner Truth
- Black women
- Abolitionist
- Traveled Extensively
Education
For girls, not
important. One of
the first women’s
schools opened in
1821. Black
women faced
greater challenges.
Seneca Falls Convention
Nearly 300 people gathered to advocate for women’s
rights. Women should participate in public life.