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Japan Tsunamis
Over 195 tsunamis in 1,313 years – 1 event every 6.73 years.
Sept 20, 1498 ~8.6 M earthquake
Great Buddha of Kamakura cast
in bronze in 1252, 103 tons, 44
feet high, eyes 3 feet apart,
located at 50 feet ASL and ½
mile from shore.
Buddha moved by tsunami from
its original site and temple
destroyed.
3/1/1973
Ancient Tsunami Markers
3/11/2011 Earthquake - CalTech
Japan Trench
where subducting
Pacific Plate is
overridden by
Okhotsk Plate.
Fault slip 8-meter
contours – 50 m
max uplift –
250 km length,
with 50-100 km
over 30 m uplift
“Instead of saying a large earthquake wouldn’t happen there,
we should have said we didn’t know.” – Hiroo Kanamori
1.8 m High, ~10 min
period
450 NM NE Tokyo,
5685 m deep
Deep ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis
Tsunami caused by
uplift of the frontal
sedimentary region on
eastern margin as the
island of Honshu moved
17 feet eastward.
Death Toll
Missing
Total
15,093 - 5/17/2011
9,093
24,186
In Shelters 115,433
PMEL Source
Uplift of ~25
meters
Yamazaki/Cheung
UH source for
Tsunami
Max 25 meter uplift,
-2.8 ft depression
6.7 meter (22 ft)
high
. Tsunami
in 204 m deep
ocean at Iwate
GPS Gauge
Run-Up
along coast
Highest 37.9
meters =
124 feet
Tsunami Water Levels - Blue Triangle - Run-up Height
Red circle: run-up height
Miyako Tsunami Barrier
Tsunami Height – 11.5 meter, Seawall 7.6 meter
Run-up heights of 19.5 and 25.5 meter, Over roof of 4th floor building near
coast
Miyako Tsunami
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voBsihraeRO&NR=1
Whirlpool
Natori wave
strikes homes
901 dead, 145 missing
Natori
Tsunami height 12 meter near
Sendai airport
9 meter near fishing port
Kesennuma
Tsunami Heights 9.10-14.7 meters,
16-22 meter run-up
930 dead, 604 missing
8.5 meter tsunami
height at Miyako tide
gauge ,
412 dead, 355 missing
8.0 meter at Ofunato
near Tsunami source
314 dead, 150 missing
Rescue from Roof
People on Beer Factory
Roof
Kamaishi
7-9 meter tsunami height
937 dead, 508 missing
Sendia
Airport
Sendai Airport
Sendia Airport
3rd floor
Arahama
9.3 meter
tsunami height
Fujitsuha
Ishinomaki
5 meter in Harbor
16 m runup Ogachi-machi
2964 dead, 2770 missing
Oshika
Kashima
4.22 meter and
5.2 meter tsunami
height at Kashima
Port
Helicopter Views of Japan
Tsunami
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ZpFzgUFjho
Japan Tsunami Flooding
Kesennuma
http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=c3rqPPJPwLg
Rikuzentakata
The coastline has been totally
reshaped. A long barrier beach
with well-vegetated land is
almost completely gone. North
of that flood water sits on
agricultural fields.
A 6.5 meter high sea wall was
overtopped by a 13 meter high
wave, 80% of 8,000 houses
were swept away. Over 18,000
lost out of 26,000. The harbor
gate failed to shut and 45
firemen where swept away
while attempting to close them
manually.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=-d6-l16v-fQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=ScjHs9bClyc
Rikuzentakata Tsunami
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ScjHs9bClyc
Rikuzentakata Failed Gate
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-d6-l16v-fQ
Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant
A 150 foot high splash as Tsunami impacts the turbine building, passes over its
roof and strikes adjacent reactor building. The lower height structures including
the diesel generators are already submerged
Plant had a 19 foot high levee. The tsunami wave height was ~46 feet.
http://www.vgb.org/vgbmultimedia/News/Fukushimav15VGB.pdf
http://martynwilliams.posterous.com/tsunami-damage-at-fukushima-daiichi
Fudai, Japan and its 3000
residents survived because
of a 51 foot (15.5 meter)
floodgate –
Run-up of 66 feet (20
meter) on gate towers
Source
SWAN
Numerical
Model of
Tsunami
reaching
Hawaii
2 meter
contour
Makaha Beach – Mark Suiso
9 Feet
Runup
Dan Walker’s North Shore Survey
17.5 ft
Haleiwa
Harbor
7 Foot Run-up
Keehi
Harbor
Keehi Harbor
70% boats
damaged or
lost
Kona
Village
Hotel
Hales
Kealakekua Bay
Kealakekua
Bay
Napoopoo
Napoopoo
16 feet runup Walker
Napoopoo
Kona, Hawaii Tsunami
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91Wh0_yNJhc
Crescent City
8 ft high
waves
2004 Indian Ocean
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2011 Japan
Max Run-up
109 feet
125 feet
Death Zone
33 feet
50 feet
Fritz/Meadows 33 feet
EQ Length
1100 km
250 km
Deaths
250-300,000
25,000
To survive move to above 100 ft ASL, or above
4th floor if you feel an earthquake or a Tsunami
Alert
www.MCCOHI.COM
TSUNAMI Science and Hawaii Hazards PowerPoint Files
PowerPoints with Movies are available on NMWW DVD
12/26/2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami - 300,000 Deaths
7/8/1955 Lituya Bay 1600 ft High Tsunami
8/27/1883 Krakatoa Volcanic Explosion generated Tsunami
Projectile Impact and Explosion Generated Waves
Tsunami Hazard for Hawaii Kai, Hawaii
Hawaii Tsunami Hazard from M9 Earthquake like 12/26/2004
PDF- KT Asteroid Impact - Asteroid Hazard to Life on Earth
Dr. Walker Hawaii Historical Tsunami Hazard Evaluation
Meadows PDF Report on Hawaii Tsunami Zone Hazards
PDF 6/2010 PACON Paper on Hawaii M9+ Tsunami Hazards
6/2010 PACON PowerPoint on Hawaii M9+ Tsunami Hazards
3/11/2011 Honshu Tsunami PowerPoint
Tsunami Hazard to Hawaii from Landslides and Asteroids