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Technology in Action
Chapter 3
Using the Internet:
Making the Most of the Web’s Resources
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Chapter Topics
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Forms of Internet communication
Internet multimedia
E-commerce
Managing online annoyances
Web browsers
URLs
Hyperlinks
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Chapter Topics (cont.)
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Search engines
Boolean operators
Evaluating Web sites
How data travels on the Internet
Internet service providers
Origin of the Internet
Future of the Internet
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Internet Communications
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Instant Messaging
Podcasts
Blogs and Vlogs
Webcasts
Wikis
Voice over Internet
(VoIP)
• E-mail
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Internet Communications
• Group communication
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Internet social network
Multiplayer online game services
Chat rooms
Newsgroups
Listservs
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Instant Messaging
• Real-time textbased
conversations
• List of contacts:
buddy list
• Contacts must be
online
• IM software detects
presence
• Example: AOL
Instant Messenger
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Podcasts
• Podcasts: Compressed audio/video files
distributed on the Internet
• RSS (Really Simple Syndication) technology
allows constant updates for subscribers
• Podcasts are all over the Web
– Need “aggregator” software to gather podcasts
– Need media player software to play them
• Simple to create
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Blogs and Vlogs
• Weblogs: blogs
– Available to the public
– Simple to create, read, and manage
– Entries listed on a single page with most
recent entry at the top
– Searchable
• Video blog: vlog
– Digital video clips playable on media player
software
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Webcasts and Wikis
• Webcast: Broadcast of audio/visual
content over the Internet
– Not updated automatically
– Use streaming media
• Wiki: Web site that allows anyone to
change its content
– provide source for collaborative writing
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Voice over Internet Protocol
• VoIP: Using the Internet to place phone calls
• Uses technology similar to e-mail to send voice
data digitally
• Requires a microphone, an Internet connection,
and a VoIP provider
• Services differ:
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Free services require an account on both ends
Paid services connect phone to computer
Cable/DSL providers offer phone through broadband
WiFi IP phones call through Internet hotspots and
wireless networks
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E-mail
• Electronic
mail
• E-mail
accounts
– Client-based
– Web-based
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Social Networks
• Social networks: online personal networks
– MySpace.com and Facebook.com
• Members share common interests
• Members communicate by voice, chat, IM,
video, and blogs
• Members create personalized profiles
• Growth has been explosive
• Risks must be recognized and reduced
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Multiplayer Online Game Services
• Multiplayer Online Games: play occurs over the
Internet among many other players
• Persistent or ever-on game environment
• Some games let you interact with other players
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Chat Rooms
• Real-time text-based conversations
• Rooms focus on specific topics or interests
• Identity protection
– Username
• Netiquette: Rules of polite interaction
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Newsgroups and Listservs
• Newsgroups
– Online discussion forums
– Members post and reply to messages
– Create or respond to “threads”
• Listservs
– Electronic mailing lists of e-mail addresses of
people interested in a topic
– Threads are sent as e-mails
– Less public than newsgroups
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Web Entertainment
• Multimedia:
– Involves forms of media
and text
• Graphics
• Audio
• Video
– Streaming audio and
video
– Some files require
plug-in
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E-Commerce
• E-Commerce: Conducting business online
– Business-to-consumer (B2C)
– Business-to-business (B2B)
– Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
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E-Commerce Safeguards
• Online transactions can be safer than
traditional retail shopping
• VeriSign is a company that certifies that
online transactions are secure
• Closed padlock icon indicates a secure
web site
• URL changes from http:// to https://
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Online Annoyances
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Spam
Cookies
Adware/Pop-ups
Spyware
Malware
Phishing and Hoaxes
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Spam
• Junk e-mail
• Avoid spam:
– Separate
e-mail
account
– Spam filters
– Antispam
practices
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Cookies
• Text files stored
on client
computers when
visiting Web sites
• Used on return
visits to Web sites
• Unique ID number
• Personal
information
remembered
• Privacy risk
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Adware and Pop-Ups
• Adware
– Programs that download on your PC when you
install/use other software
– Enable sponsored ads to appear in your
browser window or as pop-up
• Pop-ups can be eliminated
– Pop-up blockers
– Anti-pop-up software
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Spyware
• Added as a program piggybacked with a
requested program
• Gathers information, usually about surfing
habits
• Antivirus software doesn’t detect it
• Spyware removal programs are required
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Malware
• Software that has a malicious intent
• Spyware is a form of malware
• Other forms are viruses, worms, and
Trojan horses
• Designed to render a computer useless or
penetrate it completely
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Phishing and Hoaxes
• Phishing
– Phony communication that attempts to scam
someone into revealing personal information
– Often looks very official
• Hoaxes
– Contain information that is untrue
– May request that people send money
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Navigating the Web: Web Browsers
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Computer software
Graphical
Enables Web navigation
Popular browsers:
– Internet Explorer
– Mozilla’s Firefox
– Camino (Mac OS X)
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Browser Features
• Quick tabs: Shows thumbnail images of all
open Web pages in open tabs
• Tabbed browsing: Multiple pages available
in same browser window
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Getting Around the Web
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Web sites
URLs
Hyperlinks
Favorites and
Bookmarks
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Web Sites
• Web site:
– Collection of related Web pages
– First page known as Home or Index page
• Web page:
– HTML document
• Text and graphics
– Unique address
– Hyperlinks
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URLs
• URL:
– Uniform Resource Locator
– Unique Web site address
URL
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Current Top-Level Domains
.aero
.biz
.com
.coop
.edu
.gov
.info
.jobs
.mil
.museum
.name
.net
.org
.pro
.travel
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Members of the air transport industry
Businesses
Can be used by anyone
Cooperative associations
Degree granting institutions
United States government
Information service providers
Posting and recruiting job opportunities
United States military
Museums
Individuals
Networking organizations
Organizations (often nonprofits)
Credentialed professionals
Travel-related services
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Hyperlinks
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Favorites and Bookmarks
• List of
favorite
Web pages
• Easy
method of
returning to
Web pages
• IE and
Safari =
Favorites
• Firefox =
Bookmarks
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Search Engines
• User keys word or phrase in search box
• “Spider” or “Web crawler” program scans Web
pages
• Results are indexed and sent to the client
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Subject Directories
• Web pages
organized by
topics and
subtopics
• Do not use
keywords to
search
• Narrow
search by
clicking on
subfolders
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Boolean Operators
• Boolean operators: Used to refine searches
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Evaluating Web Sites
• Who is the author of the article or Web site
sponsor?
• What audience is the site geared toward?
• Is the site biased?
• Is the information current?
• Are links available?
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Internet Basics
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Clients and servers
Connecting to the Internet
Finding an Internet Service Provider
Origin of the Internet
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Clients and Servers
• The Internet is a client/server network
• Client computer:
– Users connected to the Internet
– Requests data and Web pages
• Server computer:
– Stores Web pages and data
– Returns the requested data to the client
• IP addresses
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Connecting to the Internet
• Dial-up connections
• Broadband connections
– Cable
– Satellite
– DSL
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Broadband Connections
• Cable
– Uses coaxial cable
and a cable modem
– Fast connection speed
– Speed depends on
number of users
– Not available in all
areas
Coaxial
cable
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Broadband Connections
• Digital Subscriber Line
(DSL)
– Uses telephone lines
– Faster than dial-up
– Doesn’t tie up line
– Requires special DSL
modem
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Broadband Connections
• Fiber optic Internet
– Sends light through fiber optics
– Fast
– Expensive
– Only available in certain areas
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Broadband Connections
• Satellite
– Uses a satellite dish and
coaxial cable
– Almost anyone in the
U.S. can receive
satellite service
– Signal is affected by
location and weather
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Dial-Up Connections
• Uses standard
telephone line
• Requires a modem
to convert analog
and digital signals
• Slowest connection
speed (56K)
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Comparing Internet
Connection Options
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Internet Service Providers
• Provides user access to the
Internet
• National, regional, or local
companies
• Broadband connection:
broadband provider is your
ISP
• Dial-up connection: need to
determine ISPs available in
your area
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The Origin of the Internet
• ARPANET
– Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
– Funded by the U.S. government in the 1960s
– Allowed computers at leading universities and
research organizations to communicate with
each other over great distances
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The Web vs. the Internet
• The Web is part of the Internet
distinguished by:
– Communication protocols (TCP/IP) and
languages (HTML)
– Special links (hyperlinks)
• 1989: Web invented by Tim Berners-Lee
• 1993: Mosaic browser
• 1994: Netscape: beginning of Web’s major
growth
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Future of the Internet
• Large Scale Networking (LSN)
– Research and development of cutting-edge
networking and wireless technologies
• Internet2
– Project sponsored by universities, government, and
industry to develop new Internet technologies
– Internet2 backbone supports transmission speeds of
9.6 Gbps
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Future of the Internet
• Web 2.0
– Social networking sites
– Wikis
– Podcasts
– User content databases
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Chapter 3 Summary Questions
• How can I communicate through the
Internet with IM, Weblogs, podcasts, VoIP,
Webcasts, wikis, e-mail, chat,
newsgroups, and listservs?
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Chapter 3 Summary Questions
• What are the various kinds of multimedia
files found on the Web and what software
do I need to use them?
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Chapter 3 Summary Questions
• What is e-commerce, and what
e-commerce safeguards protect me
when I’m online?
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Chapter 3 Summary Questions
• How do I manage online annoyances like
spam, cookies, adware, spyware,
malware, phishing, and Internet hoaxes?
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Chapter 3 Summary Questions
• What is a Web browser?
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Chapter 3 Summary Questions
• What is a URL, and what are its parts?
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Chapter 3 Summary Questions
• How can I use hyperlinks and other tools
to get around the Web?
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Chapter 3 Summary Questions
• How do I search the Internet using search
engines and subject directories?
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Chapter 3 Summary Questions
• What are Boolean operators, and how do
they help me search the Web more
effectively?
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Chapter 3 Summary Questions
• How do I evaluate a Web site?
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Chapter 3 Summary Questions
• How does data travel on the Internet?
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Chapter 3 Summary Questions
• What are my options for connecting to the
Internet?
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Chapter 3 Summary Questions
• How do I choose an Internet service
provider?
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Chapter 3 Summary Questions
• What is the origin of the Internet?
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Chapter 3 Summary Questions
• What will the Internet of the future look
like?
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