World History
 Imagine
that over the next fifty years, the
average temperature in the Milwaukee
area rises and rainfall becomes nonexistent.
 What effect would this have on the area?
 How would you handle these
environmental changes?
The desertification of Africa
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Farming dominated Africa
from 5500 BCE
By 2500 BCE the Sahara
region had turned to desert
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Desertification
Reaction?
Movement of people north
(Mediterranean region) and
south
Between 500-1500 CE
another migration known as
the Bantu Migration (this was
the root language of the
migrating people)
Shoulder partner-What
effects might this migration
have had on Africa?
Where are these places?
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Use your textbook (pg. 285 and
295) to locate and label the
following on your outline map
The Sahara Desert
The Great Rift Valley
The Zambezi River
Niger River
Congo River
Indian Ocean
Red Sea
Atlantic Ocean
Kingdom of Ghana (800-1000
CE)
Kingdom of Mali (1200-1450 CE)
Kingdom of Songhai (14501600 CE)
What is this? How was it used
in ancient Mesopotamia?
World History
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What does the picture
to the right have to do
with the kingdom of
Mali?
What does the story of
Sundiata (the Lion
King) tell us about the
values/beliefs of Mali?
What characteristics of
an empire builder are
present in this story?
Influences on Africa
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Resources-in the
kingdoms of West
Africa gold and salt
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What else is traded
from Africa that ends
up having a huge
impact on America?
Trans-Saharan
network (supply and
demand)
Islam-education and
trade connections
Welcome to beautiful…
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Imagine that you are a member of the
chamber of commerce from one of the three
West African kingdoms
It is your job to promote your kingdom and
show why people would want to live there or
trade with it
Use pp. 289-293 in your textbook to acquire
background information on each of the three
kingdoms (Ghana, Mali, Songhai)
Welcome to…example
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Watch the following video and take notes on:
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Social features (if any)
Political features (if any)
Religious features (if any)
Intellectual features (if any)
Technological features (if any)
Environmental features (if any)
Record at least THREE examples from the
video
How do the visuals encourage people to visit
this place?
What did the Egyptians do with this
after death? What do their burial
practices reveal about their beliefs?
World History
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Do Now: What is this
map attempting to
show?
What do the red lines
indicate (hint: look at
the years)?
Why might this be
occurring
(inference)?
How is it similar to this?
Beringia
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Ice age land bridge between Siberia (Russia)
and Alaska (North America)
Theory: This is how the first people arrived in
North and South America
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Paleolithic people made their way across this
bridge following herds of animals
Climate warms ice melts bridge under
water game animals decrease people
adapt by developing farming techniques
migrate east and south
World History
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
Read the quote below:
“This drink is the healthiest thing, and the
greatest sustenance of anything you could
drink in the world, because he who drinks a
cup of this liquid, no matter how far he walks,
can go a whole day without eating anything
else.”
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Member of Hernan Cortes’s crew (circa 1510)
What do you think this person is describing?
Why?
What WAS he talking about?
A
beverage made
from cacao pulp
 Cacao beans are
used to make
chocolate
 What is the
connection to the
Americas and to
their empires?
From An Uncommon History of
Common Things
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First harvested and used by the Maya, chocolate was
initially a beverage, and not a particularly sweet or smooth
one. A Spanish missionary said of it in the 16th century:
“Loathsome to such as are not acquainted with it, having a
scum or froth that is very unpleasant to taste.”
Despite its off-putting taste…the chocolate drink was
intriguing enough to be brought back to Europe. While
Columbus did discover cacao pods, their appeal was only
recognized in 1510 by Hernan Cortes, who brought three
chests of pods back…For the next 250 odd years, chocolate
would increase in popularity and availability in Europe.
Unfortunately, this also meant that the English, French, and
Dutch growers relied heavily on slave labor to cultivate
crops.
What to look for as you read…
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Underline and label with the correct letter
(S/P/R/I/T/E) the following details for each civilization
Social:
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Political:
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Key beliefs/practices
How these impact decisions/actions in other areas
Intellectual/technological
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Laws and government structure
Religious:
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Key values/beliefs (culture/trade/customs/etc.)
Examples of what was made/invented/ used in
everyday life
Environmental:
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Key cities and resources
FQR=Fact/Question/Response
 Use
the assigned reading and the FQR handout
 As you read, record facts
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Whatever you find important or interesting
 In
the question section, record questions you
have about the facts
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The question should not be answered by the fact
 In
the response section, record something that
pops into your mind when reading this
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Make a connection to your own
life/experiences/prior knowledge/etc.
What was the name of this system?
How did this system impact India?
Part One: The Olmec
What is THAT thing?
World History

Do Now question: Based on what you have read
so far, what is the answer to the question below?
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Which of the following BEST explains the
Mesoamerican civilization’s practice of human
sacrifice?
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A. They were harsh and brutal people.
B. It was part of their religious beliefs.
C. It was part of their political beliefs/practices.
D. They hated the Spanish and used this as a way
to get back at them.
Part Two: The Mayans
What are they doing?
Part Three: The Aztecs
What is he doing?
Part Four: The Incas
What happened to her? What have scientists
discovered about her?
The Incas (part two)
What was this place?
World History
 Do
Now: Record two similarities and two
differences about these Mesoamerican
empires at the bottom of your FQR sheet
 Show these to me before you leave the
classroom today
How are empires created?
 What
conditions
must exist?
 Power vacuum
 Environmental
mosaic (variety of
resources)
 Military strength
 Strong leadership
Where are the ancient
civilizations?
Final exam reminders
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Bring a #2 pencil
Bring a completed study guide for extra credit on
the exam (complete sentences not necessary)
Check the no finals list and take care of any
payments-extra time will NOT be given if you
come late
Empire unit test corrections-come and get a copy
of the test after school
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Correct letter AND explanation for why this is the
correct letter
No points given without explanation
½ pt. back per correction
World History
 Do
Now: What do you know about the
origins and history of the following
Christmas symbols/traditions?
 Write down the following:
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Fruit cake
Christmas tree
Christmas Pickle
Christmas stocking
Nativity scene
How it works…
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For each tradition
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guess the country/area of origin
Guess the year/century
Guess the original purpose (why was it done?)
Choose from the following countries/areas of
origin
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Germany
Spain
Roman Empire
Italy
England
Origins unknown
Fruit Cake
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…the Romans made a sort of sweetened cake of
pomegranate seeds, pine nuts, and raisins mixed
into a mash of barley. This concoction was used as
a sort of early energy bar by traveling troops, but
when it came to northern Europe, it was made
lighter with wheat flour and different with hazelnuts
and walnuts. The inclusion of nuts was for
ceremony rather than taste. At the end of each
year’s nut harvest, fruitcakes studded with
nutmeats would be baked and put away until the
following year and eaten in hopes of ensuring a
good harvest.
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An Uncommon History of Common Things
Christmas tree
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Ancient people hung greens at this time (winter solstice) to
remind themselves about rebirth/triumph of life over death
Germany is credited with starting the Christmas tree tradition
as we now know it in the 16th century when devout Christians
brought decorated trees into their homes. Some built Christmas
pyramids of wood and decorated them with evergreens and
candles if wood was scarce. It is a widely held belief that
Martin Luther, the 16th-century Protestant reformer, first added
lighted candles to a tree. Walking toward his home one winter
evening, composing a sermon, he was awed by the brilliance
of stars twinkling amidst evergreens. To recapture the scene for
his family, he erected a tree in the main room and wired its
branches with lighted candles.
History.com
Christmas pickle?
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In the 1880s Woolworth stores started selling
glass ornaments imported from Germany and
some were in the shape of various fruit and
vegetables. It seems that pickles must have
been among the selection.
Around the same time it was claimed that the
Christmas Pickle was a very old German
tradition and that the pickle was the last
ornament hung on the Christmas tree and
then the first child to find the pickle got an
extra present and /or blessing.
More Christmas pickle?
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One features a fighter in the American Civil War who was
born in Bavaria (an area of what is now Germany). He was a
prisoner, and starving, he begged a guard for one last pickle
before he died. The guard took pity on him and gave a
pickle to him. The pickle gave him the mental and physical
strength to live on!
The other story is linked to St. Nicholas It's a medieval tale of
two Spanish boys traveling home from a boarding school for
the holidays. When they stopped at an inn for the night, the
evil innkeeper, killed the boys and put them in a pickle barrel.
That evening, St. Nicholas stopped at the same inn, and
found the boys in the barrel and miraculously bought them
back to life!
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Whychristmas.com
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Christmas stocking
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The most popular legend about why stockings are hung at
Christmas goes something like this: A recently widowed man
and father of three girls was having a tough time making ends
meet. Even though his daughters were beautiful, he worried that
their impoverished status would make it impossible for them to
marry. St. Nicholas was wandering through the town where the
man lived and heard villagers discussing that family’s plight. He
wanted to help but knew the man would refuse any kind of
charity directly. Instead, one night, he slid down the chimney of
the family’s house and filled the girls’ recently laundered
stockings, which happened to be drying by the fire, with gold
coins. And then he disappeared.
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Unknown date/place of origin
St. Nick (big in the Netherlands)
Smithsonian,com
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Nativity Scene
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According to St. Bonaventure’s biography, St.
Francis got permission from Pope Honorious III to
set up a manger with hay and two live animals—
an ox and an ass—in a cave in the Italian village
of Grecio (1223 CE). He then invited the villagers to
come gaze upon the scene while he preached
about “the babe of Bethlehem.” (Francis was
supposedly so overcome by emotion that he
couldn't say "Jesus.") Bonaventure also claims that
the hay used by Francis miraculously acquired the
power to cure local cattle diseases and
pestilences.
More Nativity…
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Francis' display came in the middle of a period when mystery or
miracle plays were a popular form of entertainment and
education for European laypeople. These plays, originally
performed in churches and later performed in town squares, reenacted Bible stories in vernacular languages. Since church
services at the time were performed only in Latin, which virtually
no one understood, miracle plays were the only way for
laypeople to learn scripture. Francis' nativity scene used the
same method of visual display to help locals understand and
emotionally engage with Christianity.
Within a couple of centuries of Francis' inaugural display,
nativity scenes had spread throughout Europe.
http://www.slate.com/articles/life/holidays/2012/12/nativity_sce
ne_history_why_people_put_up_cr_ches_for_christmas.html