GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
MOD B
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT P. 114
Growth: bodily changes
Development: social, psychological, emotional changes
•Progression from simple to complex, head to feet, torso to limbs
•Specific tasks need to be mastered before able to move on to next level
•Progression happens in orderly forward manner, speed varies
NEONATAL AND INFANT PERIOD P. 114
Neonate: birth to 1 month
Infancy: 1 month – 2 years
•Rapid growth and development: sit, crawl, stand, first steps, self-awareness, attachments,
activity, teething, food intake, verbal skills
•Reflexes (automatic responses) in infants:
• Moro (startle) reflex: arms spread out, legs extended, head thrust back
• Grasp reflex: fingers flex into grasping motion when palm of hands is touched
• Rooting (sucking) reflex: stroking cheek or side of lips makes infant turn its head to that side
•Tasks to be accomplished:
• By 6 months: roll over, sit up, eats finger foods, responds to sounds, fear of strangers
• By 9 months: crawls, responds to name, says 1-2 syllable words ex. Mama
• By 1 year: understands simple commands ex. NO, first steps, eats table food, holds own cup, tripled weight
since birth; triple in birth weight, double in length
•When providing care:
• smile, be gentle, hug, rock, touch infant
• Introduce yourself and explain procedures to parents
TODDLER PERIOD P. 116
Toddler: 2-3 years
•Very active, exploring, investigating
• Learns elimination control
• Right/wrong
• Reacts with frustration to discipline due to increased self awareness (tantrums)
• Less separation anxiety
• Side by side playing with others
•Tasks to be accomplished:
• Walk and run
• Motor skills: feeding self, riding toys
• Put words together, speak more clearly
•When providing care:
• To child: give your name, call him by his name, smile, use simple words, be gentle, talk to him during care
• To parents: introduce yourself, explain procedures
PRESCHOOL YEARS P. 116
Pre-school: 3-5 years
•Less reliant on mother, Sibling rivalries, Cooperative play with others, Asks many
questions, active imagination, sexually curious
•Tasks to be accomplished:
• Become more socialized
• Become more cooperative
• Enjoy interacting with family members and peers
•When providing care:
• To child: give your name, call him by his name, using simple words, explain procedure, tell what you will
do each time (don’t expect he’s going to remember), demonstrate on a prop if possible, allow
independence
• To parents: introduce yourself, explain procedures
SCHOOL- AGE P. 117
School-age: 5-12 years
•Tasks to be accomplished:
• Able to communicate
• Fine motor skills developed, necessary for writing etc
• Increased sense of self
• Peer relations
• Using play and games to reinforce social behavior
• Shows concern for other living things
•When providing care:
• To child: give your name, call him by his name, use simple words but use proper medical terminology,
encourage questions, set limits
• To parents: introduce yourself, explain procedures
PREADOLESCENCE P. 117
Preadolescence: 12-14 years
•Hormonal changes, mood swings, insecurity, awareness and interest in opposite sex,
arms and legs seem out of proportion to rest of body
•When providing care:
• To child: give your name, call him by his name, use regular language with proper medical terminology,
answer questions/concerns, be patient, avoid power struggles
• To parents: introduce yourself, explain procedures
ADOLESCENCE P. 118
Adolescence: 14-20 years
•Sexual maturity
•Appreciation of own identity as male/female
•Desire of independence
•Developing coping systems for independent judgments and decisions
•Compare taught values to reality
•When providing care:
• To adolescence: introduce yourself, use regular language with proper medical terminology, answer
questions/concerns, be patient, avoid power struggles
ADULTHOOD P. 118
Adult: 20-49 years
•Independence, personal decision making
•Choose mate
•Establish family and career
•Optimal health
•Choose friends
MIDDLE AGE P. 118
50-64 years
•Retirement
•Children move out (empty nest syndrome)
•Health still good, but starting to decline
•More time for hobbies
•Grandchildren
•“Sandwich” generation: caring for own parents and caring for
children/grandchildren
LATER MATURITY P. 118
65-75 years
•Gradual loss of vitality and stamina
•Age related physical changes: sight, hearing
•Chronic conditions
•Gradual losses: mate, friends, self-esteem, independence
•Examination of lifetime
•Even more time to pursue personal interests
•Increased wisdom
OLD AGE P. 119
Over 75 years
•Failing physical health
•Growing dependency
•Dealing with illness, loneliness, loss of friends/ loved ones
•Realization of mortality
HOMEWORK
Read unit in textbook, then do
Review questions in textbook P. 125: True/False, Multiple choice
Workbook: p. 56: 3. “Complete the chart” –complete both charts