What is Music ?

an artistic form of auditory communication
incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a
structured and continuous manner.
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the sounds produced by singers or musical
instruments.
One True Definition of Music !
“music is universal and yet it is also relative and
subjective.”
 Music is the singing of the birds ….
 the whistling of a boy as he’s walking ….
 the beautiful sounds a pianist produces as he touches the
keys of a piano.
Origin of Music (History)
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Six periods of music
Each period has a particular style of music
that greatly contributed to what music is
today
Origin of Music (History)
1
2
3
4
5
6
• Medieval, Middle Ages (500-1400)
• Renaissance (1400-1600)
• Baroque (1600-1760)
• Classical (1730-1820)
• Romantic (1815-1910)
• 20th Century (1900-2000)
Structure
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Music Timeline Introduction
Music Forms and Styles
Musical Instruments
Medieval Ages
Music Timeline (500-1400)
Pic Credit - Replica of the helmet found at Sutton Hoo, in the burial of an Anglo-Saxon leader, probably a king,
about 620 in the Early Middle Ages[1]
Medieval Music Timeline
 musical notation began as well as the birth of
polyphony
Early music notation
Monophonic and Polyphonic

Remarkable continuity : categorized into
monophonic and polyphonic styles

monophonic means one note at a time while
polyphonic two or more different notes at
the same time.
Plainchant (Plain Song)

a form of medieval church music that
involves chanting

Emerged around 100 A.D

Only type of music allowed in Christian
churches early on

it was believed that music should make a
listener receptive to spiritual thoughts and
reflections
The Introit, scripted in “neumes” in the 14th—15th century
Gregorian Chant
The Beginning of Polyphony

a characteristic of Western music based on
plainchant

improvising with parallel melodies, with emphasis
on fourth (ex. C to F) and fifth (ex. C to G)
intervals
the start of polyphony wherein several musical
lines were combined
 As singers continued experimenting with melodies, polyphony
became more elaborate and complex
The Lute
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is shaped like a pear
a short neck, a sound hole carved with a rose
pattern
strings that varied in numbers
early lute is the peg box which was angled back
Re naissance
Music Timeline (1400-1600)
 Renaissance or "rebirth," a period of significant changes in
history, including music
Humanism in Music

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A new philosophy called “humanism” developed
in Italy
It emphasized that life should be viewed as a
preparation for death
 Dutch composers and musicians
were arranged to teach and
perform in Italian courts
 the invention of printing helped
spread these new ideas
Instrumental Music

By the second half of the 1500s instrumental
music began to take shape

The lute was widely used at that time

eventually mixed instruments were used
Mix instruments are played
Renaissance Musical Instruments

The Shawm
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The Dulcian
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The Trumpet
The shawm

has a conical bore, only wider

It has 7 to 8 finger holes

at the end of the bore is a large
bell

was mostly used in outdoor
ceremonial events
Dulcian
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The dulcian is a predecessor of the shawm
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A precursor of the bassoon

Dulcians are easier to transport than the
shawm due to its smaller size

Dulcians produce sound that is less piercing
than the shawm
Trumpet
The most commonly used is the B flat trumpet
 There is also the C, D, E flat and piccolo trumpet

Baroque
Music Timeline (1600-1760)

"baroque" comes from the Italian word "barocco" which
means bizarre (very strange)
Baroque

a time when composers experimented with form,
styles and instruments.

the development of opera and instrumental
music

The violin was also considered an important
musical instrument during this time
Venice and the Opera
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
In 1573, a group of musicians and intellectuals came together to
discuss various subjects
This group of individuals are known as the “Florentine Camerata”,

The composer Claduio Monteverdi was an important
contributor, specifically his opera ”Orfeo”; the first opera to
gain public welcome
Violin
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In Europe, the earliest four stringed violin was used in the
first part of the century
fairly easy to start learning
mostly suitable for children 6 years and older
Viola
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The first violas are believed to have
been made in the 15th century
During the 18th century, it was used to
play the part of the cello.
an important member of a string
ensemble.
It is tuned a fifth lower than the violin
It’s functions as the tenor instrument in a string ensemble.
the viola has become an integral part of every string
ensemble
Double Bass
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In 1516 there was an illustration closely
resembling that of a double bass.
It is like a huge cello and is played the same
way

By rubbing the bow across the strings

Striking the strings
The double bass isn't as popular as other string instruments
but is essential in most kinds of ensemble especially jazz
bands.
The Harp
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It is surprisingly easy to start

Not a lot of people play the harp

Even finding a teacher may be
difficult.

One of the most beautiful sounding instruments
Oboe
How to Play: The musician blows air into a thin, tapered
double reed and cover or uncover the holes.
Classical
Music Timeline (1730-1820)
 is characterized by simpler melodies such as the sonatas.
 The primary instrument is Piano
Style Galant
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a simple yet more direct style of music.

Middle class also appreciate

less complicated and easy to understand
Sentimental Style
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This style was adapted by composers
reflected feelings and situations experienced
in daily life

New music styles of Classical period

It had simpler harmony and clearer tonality
Piano
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Bartolomeo Cristofori created
around 1709 in Florence.

Changes in his early invention
became the basic of the modern
piano.

very popular in the mid-18th century
Romantic
Music Timeline (1815-1910)
 is characterized by using music to tell a story or express an
idea
 the use of various instruments including wind instruments
Beethoven and Romanticism
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Wrote choral, chamber music
and opera.
studied under Haydn,
was also influenced by the works
of Mozart
began to lose his hearing at age 28,
losing it completely by age 50.
One of his most popular works is the Ninth Symphony
He influenced a new crop of young composers guided by the
ideals of Romanticism.
What is Romanticism?

a concept that included different art
mediums; from music to painting to
literature.

During the 19th century, Vienna and Paris
were the centers of musical activity
What is Romanticism?
Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog, by
Caspar David Friedrich
is an example of Romantic painting.

believed in allowing their imagination and passion
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different from the Classical belief of logical order and clarity
The Flute
The Saxophone
The Tuba
th
20
Century
Music Timeline (1900-2000)
 brought about many innovations on how music was
performed and appreciated
 used technology to enhance compositions
20th Century Music
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is defined by the sudden emergence of
advanced technology
no longer limited to concerts, opera-houses,
clubs, and domestic music-making
Rock and roll
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often written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll

evolved in the United States during the late
1940s and early 1950s

combination of African American blues,
country, jazz and gospel music.
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Either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument
generally replaced by guitar in the middle to late 1950s
now more commonly called simply "rock music" or "rock".
Hip Hop Music
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also called rap music

consisting of a stylized rhythmic music

commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic
and rhyming speech that is chanted
four key stylistic elements:

rapping, scratching, breaking and graffiti writing
Music has changed the world ?

When some people get sad, they often
start listening to music, which then calms
them down

If it wasn't for music, then this world
would've been insane
Music Education : http://musiced.about.com/
Medieval : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_music
Renaissance : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissance_music
Baroque : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroque_music
Classical : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_period_(music)
Romantic : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_music
20th Century : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th-century_classical_music