Objectives: Examine and
evaluate US actions in Panama
Do Now: What role should
the US play in foreign affairs?
Theodore Roosevelt:
International Diplomacy
1850 Clayton—Bulwer Treaty

Treaty
between Great
Britain and US
to assure one
another that, if
a canal were to
be built, it
would be a
joint endeavor.
Sec. of State Clayton
The French Give it a Go

1879 Ferdinand Lesseps


25 year deal with Colombia for strip of land across Panama
8 years later construction halts



Disease
Debt and corruption
Offered US Rights to build for 40 million

Obstacles existed
Roosevelt and Mahan

Oregon takes two months to sail the
14,000-mile journey to Cuba from
California
Isthmian Canal Commission

Commission established to discuss the feasibility of:


Canal across Panama
Canal across Nicaragua
Proponents of a
Panama canal
route emphasized
the threat of active
volcanoes and
earthquakes in
Nicaragua, neither
of which plagued
Panama.
1901 Hay—Pauncefote Treaty
Repealed the Clayton Bulwer Treaty



The U.S. was authorized to
construct and manage a
Central American canal
The U.S. was to guarantee
the neutrality of the canal
and was authorized to fortify
the area, if necessary
The canal was to be open to
all nations; rates were to be
fair and equal
Sec. of State John Hay
A Sketchy Deal



Colombia refused America’s
offers
US supports an uprising of the
Panamanians (a Colombian
territory) and blockades
Colombian military preventing
them from ending the revolt.
Panama gains independence
and America signs the HayBunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)
which gives US complete
control of the 10 mile wide strip
of land across Panama for 10
Million + 250,000 per year
Construction of Canal
1898 Culebra Cut
Image Courtesy of:
http://www.anu.edu.au/BoZo/jennions/images/Panama%20lake.jpg
Here is how the Panama
Canal works
Image Courtesy of: http://www.panamacanal-cruises.com/panama-canal-pictures/crosssections.jpg
Here is how the Panama
Canal works
Photo Courtesy of: http://navy.memorieshop.com/Panama/ProfilePC.jpg
Here is one of the maps used
when making the canal
Photos Courtesy of
www.panamacanal.com
How Did the Americans
Control the Mosquitoes?
•Spraying oil on water to prevent
mosquitoes
•Putting up screens and cutting grass
also helped
Yellow Fever Quarantine
Fumigation Car
Courtesy of: http://www.canalmuseum.com/photos/panamacanalphoto002.htm
Courtesy of: http://www.canalmuseum.com/photos/panamacanalphoto002.htm
Here are the giant locks
Courtesy of: http://www.canalmuseum.com/photos/panamacanalphoto026.htm
Here are the giant locks being built
Photo from the Canal Zone Brats www.czbrats.com
Here are the giant
locks being built
Photos Courtesy of
www.panamacanal.com
The building of the canal
Photo courtesy of:
The building of the canal
Photo courtesy of:
www.canalmuseum.com
1914 The Canal Opens
Image Courtesy of:
http://www.canalmuseum.com/photos/panamacanalphoto042.htm
Roosevelt’s Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine


“Speak Softly and
Carry a Big
Stick”=Big Stick
Diplomacy
The United States
reserves the right
to intervene
militarily in Latin
American affairs