PSYCHOLOGY
INTELLIGENT

PSYCHOLOGY
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INTELLIGENT
• Defining Intelligent behavior.
• Major approaches to measuring intelligence.
• Alternative formulations of intelligence.
• Contemporary approaches.
• Practical intelligence.
• Variations in intellectual ability.
• Individual differences in intelligence .

INTELLIGENT
Defining Intelligent behavior:
• The term “ intelligence ” can take on many different meanings.
• In general, Intelligence is the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges.

INTELLIGENT
Defining Intelligent behavior:
Three major components of intelligence ;
• Problem-solving ability.
• Verbal abilities.
• Social competence.

INTELLIGENT
Defining Intelligent behavior:
• Intelligence tests are tests devised to identify a person ’ s level of intelligence.
Tests used to ;
• Identifying students needs.
• Diagnosing cognitive difficulties.
• Making optimal education.

INTELLIGENT
Major approaches to measuring intelligence:
1.
Mental age (MA);
• The average age of children taking the Binet test who achieved the same score.
• Not adequate to comparisons among people of different chronological ages (CA).

INTELLIGENT
Major approaches to measuring intelligence:
2.
Intelligence quotient (IQ);
• IQ is a score that takes into account an individual ’ s mental and chronological ages.
• IQ score = MA/CA*100

INTELLIGENT
2.
Intelligence quotient (IQ);
The average and most frequent IQ score is 100, and 68.3 percent of all people are within a 30 point range centered on
100.

INTELLIGENT
2.
Intelligence quotient (IQ);
Some 95 percent of the population have scores that are within 30 points above or below 100, and 99.7 percent have scores that are between 55 and 145.

INTELLIGENT
2.
Intelligence quotient (IQ);
• IQ can be Stanford-Binet Test.
• Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III).
• Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
(WISC-III).
• The two scales include questions of very different types.

INTELLIGENT
2.
Intelligence quotient (IQ);
• Verbal scale include information, comprehension, arithmetic, and similarities.
• Performance Scale include Digit symbol, picture completion, object assembly.
• IQ can be achievement test which is a test meant to ascertain a person ’ s level of knowledge in a given subject area.

IO test Score
55 Retarded 70 Borderline 85 Average
115
Superior 130 Gifted 145 the Score
100

INTELLIGENT
2.
Intelligence quotient (IQ);
• IQ can be aptitude test which is a test designed to predict a person ’ s ability in a particular area or line of work.
• IQ have reliability which is the concept that tests measure consistently what they are trying to measure.
• IQ have validity which is the concept that tests actually measure what they are supposed to measure.

INTELLIGENT
Intelligence quotient (IQ);
Norms are standards of performance that permit the comparison of one person ’ s score the test the scores of others who have taken the same test.

INTELLIGENT
Alternative formulations of intelligence:
• IQ merely measure behavior assumed to exemplify intelligence.
• The g or g-facror: an early theory that assumed there was a general factor for mental ability.
• There are two different kinds of intelligence; fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence.

INTELLIGENT
Alternative formulations of intelligence:
1.
Fluid intelligence that reflects reasoning, memory, and information processing capabilities.
2.
Crystallized intelligence is the information , skills, and strategies that people have learned through experience and that they can apply in problem solving situations

INTELLIGENT
Contemporary approaches;
1.
Musical intelligence that skills in tasks involving music.
2.
Bodily kinesthetic intelligence that skills in using the whole body or various portions of it in the solution of problems or in the construction of products or displays, exemplified by dancers, athletes, actors, and surgeons.

INTELLIGENT
Contemporary approaches;
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Logical-mathematical intelligence that skills in problem solving and scientific thinking.
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Linguistic intelligence, skills involved in the production and use of language.
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Spatial intelligence, skills involving spatial configurations such as those used by artists and architects.

INTELLIGENT
Contemporary approaches;
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Interpersonal intelligence, skills in interacting with others, such as sensitivity to the moods, temperaments, motivations , and intentions of others.
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Intrapersonal intelligence, knowledge of the internal aspects of oneself; access to one ’ s own feelings and emotions.
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Naturalistic intelligence.
9.
Spiritual intelligence.

INTELLIGENT
Contemporary approaches;
• Triarchic theory of intelligence; Robert
Sternberg ’ s theory that there are three major aspects to intelligence:
• Componential aspect, analysis of information to solve problems.
• Contextual aspect, how intelligence is used to face environmental demands.
• Experiential aspect, how prior experiences are used in problem solving.

INTELLIGENT
Practical intelligence:
• It is intelligence related to success in everyday situations, rather than academic and intellectual performance.
• View intelligence in terms of nonacademic, career and personal success.

INTELLIGENT
Variations in intellectual ability:
• Mental retardation is a significantly subaverage intellectual functioning that occurs with related limitations in two or more of the adaptive skill areas.
• The intellectually Gifted is two to 4 percent of population who have IQ scores greater than 130.

INTELLIGENT
Individual differences in intelligence:
• To what degree is intelligence influenced by the environment and to what degree by heredity?
• Differences in some standardized test scores between various racial and ethnic groups have led to a heated controversy concerning the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors.

INTELLIGENT
Individual differences in intelligence:
Heritability; is a measure of the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic , inherited factors.
Although average IQ scores have increased steadily during the 1900s, the reason for the rise is not at all clear.

PSYCHOLOGY
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