Fall Freshmen Physics 91/92
Key measurements, the units
Measurement
Symbol
Unit and symbol
Velocity
v
meter/second m/s
Initial velocity
vf
vi
Acceleration
a
Meters/second/second m/s2
Mass
m
Kilogram or grams
Final velocity
m/s
m/s
Kg or g
Force
F
Kilogram · meters/second2
Kg·m/s2 or
Time
t
Second s
Distance
d
Meters or centimeters
Acceleration due to gravity
g
m or cm
9.8 m/s2 or 10m/s2
Weight
Fw
Pounds lb or Newtons
Work
W
Joules (J)
Power
P
Watts (w)
Mechanical Advantage
MA
No units
Momentum
P
Kg/m
Impulse
Impulse (j)
Area
A
Newton second Ns
cm2
Potential energy
PE or Ep
Joules
Kinetic energy
KE or Ek
Joules
Pressure
P
Volume
V
Atm, Pascals(Pa)
Liters (l) ml, cm3
Temperature
T
Stress (in solids)
σ
°C, Kelvin (K)
N/m2
Quantity of Heat
Q
Joules or calorie
Specific heat
Cp
Joule/kg°C
Newton N
Freshman Physics: Equation Page
𝑑
𝑣=𝑡
𝑎=
∆v
𝑡
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑊
Efficiency = 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝑊𝑜 𝑋 100
𝑖
P=W/t
P1 V1 = P2 V2
PE = m • g • h
Q = mc∆T
𝐹𝑜
𝑊 =𝐹∙𝑑
𝑀𝐴 =
𝑝=𝑚𝑣
𝑃=𝑊
Wo / W I
𝑡
KE = 1/2 m • v2
D = m/V
𝐹𝑖
𝑑
𝑀𝐴 = 𝑑 𝑖
Celsius= 5/9( F-32)
0
X 100
p=m•v
Fahrenheit=( 9/5 x Celsius) +32
Celsius + 273 = Kelvin
Unit 1: Measuring, Graphing of scientific data
Definitions: speed, velocity, distance, constant speed,
1.
Construct graphs: writing proper titles, identifying independent and dependent variables, and recognizing outliers
2.
Interpret graphs: describe the relationship between variables; weak, strong, or no relationship
3.
Recognize a direct relationship and indirect relationship on graphs
4.
Know the 3 ways acceleration can change.
5.
Describe motion with position vs. time and velocity vs. time graphs
6.
Understand the meaning of the slope and flat line for velocity and acceleration graph.
7.
Know what the names of a position vs. time and a velocity vs. time graph are called.
Unit 2: 1st and 2nd laws of Motion
Definitions: Newton’s 1st law,
acceleration,
force,
Newton’s 2nd law,
vector,
scalar,
mass,
net force, inertia
Newton (defined as a unit),
free fall, weight, acceleration due to gravity,
gravity
terminal speed
1.
Use speed vs time graph to determine distance
2.
Recognize how force changes an object’s motion.
3.
State & apply Newton’s 1st & 2nd Laws of Motion to actual situations.
4.
Describe how inertia is related to mass.
5.
Describe how an object experiences acceleration.
6.
Identify & explain the relationships between force, mass,& acceleration.
7.
Recognize (speed) velocity, acceleration, force, weight, time and distance by units.
8.
Describe the motion of an object in free fall.
9.
Explain how air resistance affects the motion of objects
10.
Distinguish between mass & weight
Unit 3: 3rd law , momentum, & collisions
Definitions: Newton’s third law, momentum, impulse, friction
law of conservation of momentum, elastic collision, inelastic collision,
1.
Use Newton’s 3rd law of motion to explain different scenarios.
2.
Given an action force, Identify the reaction force.
3.
Explain the law of conservation of momentum
4.
Distinguish between elastic and inelastic collisions
5.
Solve momentum problems for a single object in motion.
6.
Recognize the units for momentum, force, velocity, and time
7.
Interpret forces on free body diagrams.
8.
Explain the cause of friction
9.
Distinguish between sliding and static friction.
10. Describe an object at equilibrium in regards to their forces
sliding friction, static friction, free body diagram, normal force
Unit 4: Energy, work, Power, KE & PE
Definitions: energy, Law of Conservation of Energy, Joule, potential energy, kinetic energy, work, power,
mechanical advantage, fulcrum, input force, machine,
Simple machines, output force,
perfect machine ( pg 94), efficiency of machines
1.
Distinguish between potential and kinetic energy
2.
Follow the transition of energy for an object as the energy transfers from kinetic to potential and vice versa.
3.
State the factors that influence both kinetic and potential energy
4.
Discuss the impact of squaring the velocity in the KE energy equation on the total KE for a system
5.
Calculate the PE and KE
6.
Recognize that a machine makes work easier multiplying the force of input
7.
EXPLAIN the relationship between work and power.
8.
Understand the cost of multiplying forces in machines
9.
EXPLAIN why a machine’s input and output can differ.
10. NAME two broad categories that machines can be classified
11.
IDENTIFY the three classes of levers and give examples
12. UNDERSTAND the concept of mechanical advantage
13. CALCULATE mechanical advantage of machines.
14. IDENTIFY AND COMPARE the location of input(effort) and output( resistance) forces and distances on levers, ramps, & pulleys.
15.
CALCULATE the amount of work done by simple machines.
16. UNDERSTAND why a machine cannot be 100% efficient
17.
CALCULATE the efficiency of a machine.
18. IDENTIFY units for KE, PE, work, power, force and mechanical advantage.
19. CALCULATE power in machines.
Unit 5; properties of materials
Definitions: density,
Archimedes’ principle,
tensile strength, thermal expansion, pressure, Boyle’s Law,
Charles’ Law,
Bernoulli’s principle,
buoyancy, stress
1.
Calculate the density of a substance using correct units.
2.
Explain why solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water.
3.
Define: malleable, ductile, stress, tensile strength,
4.
Distinguish between brittleness, hardness, & elasticity
5.
Know that Boyle’s law states that as volume decreases, pressure will decrease
6.
Know that Charles’s Law states that as temperature increases,
7.
Understand why objects float & fly.
8.
Recognize the units for pressure, volume, & temperature.
9.
Unit 6: Heat, Temperature, Specific heat
Definitions: heat, temperature, thermal energy, specific heat, conduction, convection, radiant, intermolecular forces,
1.
Distinguish between heat and temperature
2.
Convert temperature between Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin
3.
Know the direction that heat flows
4.
Know the 3 ways heat moves through the universe
5.
Know what a high specific heat means
6.
What are good conductors and insulators
7.
Interpret a heating curve of any substance, know what is happening at the slope and flat areas on the graph
8.
Distinguish between KE and PE on a heating curve
9.
Calculate specific heat problems
10. Know the melting, freezing, condensation, boiling points locations on a graph.