Overview of Jesus’ Teaching
God’s Kingdom, and How to Enter It
Not everyone who says to me
“Lord, Lord” will enter the
Kingdom of heaven, but only
those who do what my Father
in heaven wants” Mt 7:21
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Two Main Themes:
1.
God’s Kingdom
2.
How to Enter it
The Kingdom of God was Jesus’ main focus
94 verses
2 verses
basilea=Kingdom
ekklēsia=assembly,
community, eg church
How did Jesus refer to
a good eternal outcome?
sōzō = save
Enter Kingdom
15
Saved
Eternal life
19
17
saved
eternally
17
saved from
something
else 18
Therefore it is more specific to look at what Jesus said about “eternal life”
and “entering the Kingdom” than what he said about “saved”
1. God’s Kingdom
1. God’s Kingdom
(aka “kingdom of God”, “kingdom of heaven”)
Kingdom = “a state or government with a king or queen as its head”
Kingdom prophecies (Isaiah, Jeremiah, Daniel, Zechariah etc):
•
Ruled by God and a King – a “son of David”, the “Anointed
One/Messiah/Christ”
•
Israel-based: throne in Zion, Jerusalem; Israel delivered and
victorious.
•
World-ruling: the King defeats and judges the nations and rules
over all the nations, forever
•
Glorious: peaceful, prosperous, healthy, righteous, God’s glory
visible. The poor protected and fed with abundance, those who
mourn comforted, everyone righteous.
Not well appreciated by the Jews:
•
The Kingdom is open only to
the righteous
(“unless your actions are more righteous than the
Pharisees’, you will never enter the Kingdom” Mt 5:20;
Only the righteous will be welcomed into the kingdom
Mt 25:31-46; Mt 13:43 (like sun)
“Repent, for the Kingdom of heaven is near” Mt 4:17)
•
Its origins are spiritual, not from this
world.
(“my kingdom does not come from this world” Jn 18:36)
Not well appreciated by Gentiles:
•
God wanted to establish the
Kingdom in the first century
Lk 1:32-33 Mt 23:37-39
•
The Jews rejected the Kingdom
(mostly) and so it was taken away
from them
Mt 21:43, and instead they suffered the destruction
of 70 AD and 1900 years of punishment and exile
Lk 19:44 Lk 21:20-24
W
Not well appreciated by Gentiles:
•
The Kingdom will come again
(fully) at Jesus’ return Lk 21:31
•
It will be a physical kingdom on
earth when fully completed;
what we have now (30 AD - 2012
AD) is only a very small part of
the Kingdom
2. How to Enter it
How to Enter the Kingdom
•
“Enter the kingdom” = “eternal life”
Eg judgment of the nations Mt 25:31-46: the righteous inherit the Kingdom v34 and go
to eternal life v46, whereas “the cursed” get neither.
Eg a man asked Jesus about “inheriting eternal life” and Jesus talked about how hard it is
for a rich man to enter the Kingdom Mt 19:23-24
•
‘How to enter the Kingdom’ is all of
Jesus’ behavioural teachings Mt 7:21-27
•
All Jesus’ behavioural teachings are based on the Law
(but his teachings don’t include certain sections of the Law, see later talk)
How to Enter the Kingdom
Jesus’ behavioural teachings fall in two main categories:
LOVE YOUR
NEIGHBOUR
LOVE GOD
with all your heart &
mind & soul & strength
as yourself
Individualised
(relating to God)
(relating to others)
Love God with all my heart+
Give up everything else
“Follow me” (or via HS today)
No love for God
Pretend to love God
Keep my life, things, family
Lord and
Master
Serve and obey God only
Serve & obey other masters
Serve self (food, clothes, etc)
Trust and
Believe
Trust and believe God
and Jesus (implies action)
Unbelief, doubt God
Fear other things
Test God
Worship
Worship God
Do this (righteous)
in spirit and in truth
Not(blasphemy)
this (sin)
Insult God
Pray
Sincerely, succinctly,
with faith, persevering,
in private
To oneself, for show,
babbling
Fast
Discreetly, for God to see
To impress others
LOVE GOD
How to Enter the Kingdom
Jesus’ behavioural teachings fall in two main categories:
LOVE YOUR
NEIGHBOUR
LOVE GOD
with all your heart &
mind & soul & strength
as yourself
Individualised
(relating to God)
(relating to others)
LOVE YOUR
NEIGHBOUR
Love neighbour as myself
Do for others as I’d like them
to do for me
Needy
Low status
Women/opposite sex
Parents
Powerful
Hostile
Hate my enemies
Ignore my neighbours
LOVE YOUR
NEIGHBOUR
Love neighbour as myself
Do for others as I’d like them
to do for me
Hate my enemies
Ignore my neighbours
Needy
Kind & generous to the needy
(poor, hungry, thirsty, naked,
sick, prison, homeless)
Ignore the needy
Low status
Women/opposite sex
Parents
Powerful
Hostile
LOVE YOUR
NEIGHBOUR
Love neighbour as myself
Do for others as I’d like them
to do for me
Hate my enemies
Ignore my neighbours
Needy
Kind & generous to needy (poor, hungry,
thirsty, unclothed, sick, prison, homeless)
Ignore the needy
Low status
Take a low place myself
(Help & serve them)
Take a higher place, exercise
authority, be lord over them,
look down on them, lay heavy
burdens on them
Women/opposite sex
Parents
Powerful
Hostile
LOVE YOUR
NEIGHBOUR
Love neighbour as myself
Do for others as I’d like them
to do for me
Hate my enemies
Ignore my neighbours
Needy
Kind & generous to needy (poor, hungry,
thirsty, unclothed, sick, prison, homeless)
Ignore the needy
Low status
Take a low place myself
(Help & serve them)
Take a higher place, exercise authority,
be lord over them, look down on them,
lay heavy burdens on them
Women/opp
Love (female) neighbours; accept women as
equals; single for Kingdom, or lasting marriage
Lust, immorality, adultery, divorce
(Oppress or subordinate women)
Parents
Honour parents (≠ obey)
(Dishonour parents)
Powerful
Take a low place myself
(Help & serve them)
Take a higher place, exercise authority,
be lord over them, look down on them,
lay heavy burdens on them
Hostile
Love enemies, pray for, bless them,
forgive, be reconciled, generous to
thieves, non-violent, win over
privately/publicly, rebuke
Judge, condemn, hate, anger, fight,
retaliate, murder
A neighbour may be in more than one category
Female
Powerful
Hostile
A neighbour may be in different categories at different times
Needy
Hostile
(sick)
LOVE YOUR
NEIGHBOUR
Possessions
Truth
Openness
LOVE YOUR
NEIGHBOUR
Possessions
Give, lend
Save up, greedy, steal,
keep possessions
Truth
Tell truth all the time
Lie, deceive, defraud,
take oaths/swear
Openness
Let good deeds “shine”,
speak out
Hide evil deeds;
do things for others’ praise
How to Enter the Kingdom
Jesus’ behavioural teachings fall in two main categories:
LOVE YOUR
NEIGHBOUR
LOVE GOD
with all your heart &
mind & soul & strength
as yourself
Individualised
(relating to God)
(relating to others)
INDIVIDUALISED / AS DIRECTED
Spiritual
ministry:
Speaking about
Jesus, preaching,
baptizing, miracles,
teaching others
Rest
As directed by Jesus
(usually after discipling++)
Now as directed by HS
Allow others to do it
Rest when HS says to
Didn’t want some people
speaking;
win ‘converts’ to become
double sons of destruction;
teach ‘rules of men’
Use sabbath as excuse to
neglect the needy
Some instructions weren’t universal; Jesus wanted some people to do them at some
times, but not for others to do them at other times. (Debatable to some extent)
Conclusions
• Jesus’ teachings are mostly about
(1) the Kingdom of God and
(2) how to enter it (behavioural teachings)
• Jesus’ behavioural teachings are
based on the Law (Love God &
Love Neighbour), but don’t
include all of the Law
(see later talk).
• Jesus’ behavioural teachings are
about doing righteous actions
instead of the corresponding
sinful actions in that area of life.
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
“Jesus began to preach, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near.”” Mt 4:17
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
“Jesus began to preach, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near.”” Mt 4:17
How to enter
the Kingdom
The Kingdom
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
A1. “He [Jesus] will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High.
The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David,
and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever;
his kingdom will never end.” Lk 1:32-33
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
A1. “He [Jesus] will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High.
The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David,
and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever;
his kingdom will never end.” Lk 1:32-33
The Kingdom
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
B1. He told them another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard
seed, which a man took and planted in his field.
Though it is the smallest of all your seeds, yet when it grows, it is the largest of
garden plants and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and perch in
its branches.” Mt 13:31-32
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
The Kingdom
B1. He told them another parable: “The kingdom of heaven is like a mustard
seed, which a man took and planted in his field.
Though it is the smallest of all your seeds, yet when it grows, it is the largest of
garden plants and becomes a tree, so that the birds of the air come and perch in
its branches.” Mt 13:31-32
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
A2. “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have
not come to abolish them but to fulfill them. I tell you the truth, until heaven
and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will
by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished.
Anyone who breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches
others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but
whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the
kingdom of heaven. For I tell you that unless your actions are more righteous
than the Pharisees’ and the teachers’ of the law, you will never enter the
kingdom of heaven.” Mt 5:17-20
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
A2. “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have
not come to abolish them but to fulfill them. I tell you the truth, until heaven
and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will
by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished.
Anyone who breaks one of the least of these commandments and teaches
others to do the same will be called least in the kingdom of heaven, but
whoever practices and teaches these commands will be called great in the
kingdom of heaven. For I tell you that unless your actions are more righteous
than the Pharisees’ and the teachers’ of the law, you will never enter the
kingdom of heaven.” Mt 5:17-20
How to enter
the Kingdom
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
B2. “Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant looking for fine pearls.
When he found one of great value, he went away and sold everything
he had and bought it.” Mt 13:45-46
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
The Kingdom
B2. “Again, the kingdom of heaven is like a merchant looking for fine pearls.
When he found one of great value, he went away and sold everything
he had and bought it.” Mt 13:45-46
How to enter
the Kingdom
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
A3. In Mt 5-6 Jesus gave two chapters of teaching on anger, murder, reconciliation,
adultery, lust, divorce, keeping your word, not retaliating, being kind to enemies, giving to
the needy, prayer, fasting, not saving, serving God and trusting him for necessities, and
not judging others; and then he concluded:
“Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven,
but only he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven. Many will say to
me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and in your
name drive out demons and perform many miracles?’ Then I will tell them
plainly, ‘I never knew you. Away from me, you evildoers (lit. workers of
lawlessness) !’
“Therefore, everyone who hears these words of mine and puts them into
practice is like a wise man who built his house on the rock. The rain came
down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house; yet it
did not fall, because it had its foundation on the rock. But everyone who hears
these words of mine and does not put them into practice is like a foolish man
who built his house on sand. The rain came down, the streams rose, and the
winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell with a great crash” Mt 7:21-27
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
A3. In Mt 5-6 Jesus gave two chapters of teaching on anger, murder,
Howreconciliation,
to enter
adultery, lust, divorce, keeping your word, not retaliating, being kind to enemies, giving to
the Kingdom
the needy, prayer, fasting, not saving, serving God and trusting him for necessities, and
not judging others; and then he concluded:
“Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven,
but only he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven. Many will say to
me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and in your
name drive out demons and perform many miracles?’ Then I will tell them
plainly, ‘I never knew you. Away from me, you evildoers (lit. workers of
lawlessness) !’
“Therefore, everyone who hears these words of mine and puts them into
practice is like a wise man who built his house on the rock. The rain came
down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house; yet it
did not fall, because it had its foundation on the rock. But everyone who hears
these words of mine and does not put them into practice is like a foolish man
who built his house on sand. The rain came down, the streams rose, and the
winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell with a great crash” Mt 7:21-27
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
A3. In Mt 5-6 Jesus gave two chapters of teaching on anger, murder,
Howreconciliation,
to enter
adultery, lust, divorce, keeping your word, not retaliating, being kind to enemies, giving to
the Kingdom
the needy, prayer, fasting, not saving, serving God and trusting him for necessities, and
not judging others; and then he concluded:
“Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of heaven,
but only he who does the will of my Father who is in heaven. Many will say to
me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in your name, and in your
name drive out demons and perform many miracles?’ Then I will tell them
plainly, ‘I never knew you. Away from me, you evildoers (lit. workers of
lawlessness) !’
“Therefore, everyone who hears these words of mine and puts them into
practice is like a wise man who built his house on the rock. The rain came
down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that house; yet it
did not fall, because it had its foundation on the rock. But everyone who hears
these words of mine and does not put them into practice is like a foolish man
who
Howbuilt
nothis
to house
enter on sand. The rain came down, the streams rose, and the
winds blew and beat against that house, and it fell with a great crash” Mt 7:21-27
the Kingdom
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
B3. When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, he will sit on his
throne in heavenly glory. All the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate the
people one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. He will put the
sheep on his right and the goats on his left.
Then the King will say to those on his right, ‘Come, you who are blessed by my Father; take
your inheritance, the kingdom prepared for you since the creation of the world. For I was
hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I
was a stranger and you invited me in, I needed clothes and you clothed me, I was sick and you
looked after me, I was in prison and you came to visit me.’ Then the righteous will answer him,
‘Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink?
When did we see you a stranger and invite you in, or needing clothes and clothe you? When
did we see you sick or in prison and go to visit you?’ The King will reply, ‘I tell you the truth,
whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers of mine, you did for me.’
Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire
prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry and you gave me nothing to eat, I was
thirsty and you gave me nothing to drink, I was a stranger and you did not invite me in, I needed
clothes and you did not clothe me, I was sick and in prison and you did not look after me.’ They
also will answer, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or needing clothes
or sick or in prison, and did not help you?’ He will reply, ‘I tell you the truth, whatever you did
not do for one of the least of these, you did not do for me.’
Then they will go away to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life.”
Mt 25:31-46
About
Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
The the
Kingdom
B3. When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, he will sit on his
throne in heavenly glory. All the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate the
people one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. He will put the
sheep on his right and the goats on his left.
Then the King will say to those on his right, ‘Come, you who are blessed by my Father; take
your inheritance, the kingdom prepared for you since the creation of the world. For I was
hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink,
I was a stranger and you invited me in,I needed clothes and you clothed me,I was sick & you
looked after me, I was in prison and you came to visit me.’ Then the righteous will answer
Howwhen
to enter
him, ‘Lord,
did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to
drink? the
When
did we see you a stranger and invite you in, or needing clothes and clothe you?
Kingdom
When did we see you sick or in prison and go to visit you?’ The King will reply, ‘I tell you the
truth, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers of mine, you did for me.’
Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire
prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry and you gave me nothing to eat, I was
thirsty
and
youto
gave
me nothing to drink, I was a stranger and you did not invite me in, I
How
not
enter
needed
clothes
and you did not clothe me, I was sick and in prison and you did not look after
the
Kingdom
me.’ They also will answer, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or
needing clothes or sick or in prison, and did not help you?’ He will reply, ‘I tell you the truth,
whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do for me.’
Then they will go away to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life.”
Mt 25:31-46
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
A4. Then he left the crowd and went into the house. His disciples came to him
and said, “Explain to us the parable of the weeds in the field.”
He answered, “The one who sowed the good seed is the Son of Man. The field is
the world, and the good seed stands for the sons of the kingdom. The weeds are
the sons of the evil one, and the enemy who sows them is the devil. The harvest
is the end of the age, and the harvesters are angels.
As the weeds are pulled up and burned in the fire, so it will be at the end of the
age. The Son of Man will send out his angels, and they will weed out of his
kingdom everything that causes sin and all who do evil (lit. do lawlessness). They
will throw them into the fiery furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing
of teeth. Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their
Father. He who has ears, let him hear.” Mt 13:36-43
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
A4. Then he left the crowd and went into the house. His disciples came to him
and said, “Explain to us the parable of the weeds in the field.”
He answered, “The one who sowed the good seed is the Son of Man. The field is
the world, and the good seed stands for the sons of the kingdom. The weeds are
the sons of the evil one, and the enemy who sows them is the devil. The harvest
is the end of the age, and the harvesters are angels.
As the weeds are pulled up and burned in the fire, so it will be at the end of the
age. The Son of Man will send out his angels, and they will weed out of his
kingdom everything that causes sin and all who do evil (lit. do lawlessness). They
will throw them into the fiery furnace, where there will be weeping and gnashing
of teeth. Then the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their
Father. He who has ears, let him hear.” Mt 13:36-43
How to enter
the Kingdom
How not to enter
the Kingdom
About the Kingdom, or how to enter the Kingdom?
B4. “At that time the kingdom of heaven will be like ten virgins who took their
lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom. Five of them were foolish and five
were wise. The foolish ones took their lamps but did not take any oil with them.
The wise, however, took oil in jars along with their lamps.
The bridegroom was a long time in coming, and they all became drowsy and fell
asleep. At midnight the cry rang out: ‘Here’s the bridegroom! Come out to meet
him!’
Then all the virgins woke up and trimmed their lamps. The foolish ones said to
the wise, ‘Give us some of your oil; our lamps are going out.’
‘No,’ they replied, ‘there may not be enough for both us and you. Instead, go to
those who sell oil and buy some for yourselves.’ But while they were on their way
to buy the oil, the bridegroom arrived. The virgins who were ready went in with
him to the wedding banquet. And the door was shut.
Later the others also came. ‘Lord! Lord!’ they said. ‘Open the door for us!’
But he replied, ‘I tell you the truth, I don’t know you.’
Therefore keep watch, because you do not know the day or the hour.” Mt 25:1-13
The Kingdom
About the Kingdom,
or how to enter the Kingdom?
B4. “At that time the kingdom of heaven will be like ten virgins who took their
lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom. Five of them were foolish and five
were wise. The foolish ones took their lamps but did not take any oil with them.
The wise, however, took oil in jars along with their lamps.
The bridegroom was a long time in coming, and they all became
drowsy
and fell
How not
to enter
asleep. At midnight the cry rang out: ‘Here’s the bridegroom! Come out to meet
the Kingdom
him!’
How to enter
Then all
virgins woke up and trimmed their lamps. The foolish ones said to
thethe
Kingdom
the wise, ‘Give us some of your oil; our lamps are going out.’
‘No,’ they replied, ‘there may not be enough for both us and you. Instead, go to
those who sell oil and buy some for yourselves.’ But while they were on their way
to buy the oil, the bridegroom arrived. The virgins who were ready went in with
him to the wedding banquet. And the door was shut.
Later the others also came. ‘Lord! Lord!’ they said. ‘Open the door for us!’
But he replied, ‘I tell you the truth, I don’t know you.’
Therefore keep watch, because you do not know the day or the hour.” Mt 25:1-13
Listen to the Holy Spirit
• Does the Holy Spirit want to say anything to you about
Jesus’ teachings?
HS
• Did the Holy Spirit say anything to you?
• Are there any new or useful concepts in this topic?
• Do you have any queries or sticking points in your mind?
• Are there any topics which you hadn’t thought of as being
something Jesus taught?
• Are there any which you can’t imagine how they could work
out in practice?
•
Headline of Jesus’ message (“Repent, for the Kingdom of
Heaven is at hand”)
•
Repent = metanoeō = lit. “change of mind”
→ change of ways, from wrong to right ways
•
Doesn’t necessarily have to involve remorse, confessions to
others, sense of guilt, shame, apologies etc
•
Does involve a change of behaviour, which requires:
•
Understanding of sin and righteousness
•
A plan/action to do it differently
Eg 1993
?