ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ||
Pharmaceutical chemistry department
Pharmacy college
Princess Nora University
AMINES
INTRODUCTION
 are organic compounds that contain a basic nitrogen atom.
 Amines are derivatives of ammonia(NH3), where one or more hydrogen
atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group
NOMENCELUTURE:
 Amines fall into different classes depending on how many of the
hydrogen atoms are replaced.
 In primary amines, only one of the hydrogen atoms in the ammonia
molecule has been replaced.
 the formula of the primary amine :RNH2.
 In a secondary amine, two of the hydrogen's in an ammonia
molecule have been replaced by hydrocarbon groups.
 In a tertiary amine, all of the hydrogen's in an ammonia molecule
have been replaced by hydrocarbon groups
NOMENCELUTURE:
Aniline
N-methyl aniline
N,N-dimethyl aniline
USES OF AMINES :
 present in living tissue in chemical mediator (histamine).
 They are involved in the creation of amino acids, the building blocks of
proteins .Many vitamins are also built from amino acids.
 amines naturally present in certain plants (alkaloid plants).
 Many amines are used in industries, making rubber, dyes,
pharmaceuticals and synthetic of fibres .
 Many medicines based on amines such as morphine , Chlorpheniramine.
PHYSICAL PROSPERITIES
 Color: all amines are colorless, but when expose to light the color well
change.
 Odor: characteristic.
 Flammability: flammable with dark black smock.
 Solubility: immiscible in water, but micible in HCL.
 Effect in L.P: blue ( most of amines are base).
Chemical test
General test
FeCl3 test
Nitrous acid
reaction
Specific test
Specific test
for 2nd and
3ry amine
Specific test
for aniline
Krbel amine
test
Nitrous acid
reaction
Picric test for
3 amine
Methylene
Orange test
for 3 amine
CHEMICAL TEST
 Generalized test:
 FeCl3 test:
 Procedure: dissolve 1ml of amine in 3ml of dil.HCL, then add 1ml of
FeCl3.
Aniline: green color.
N-methyl amine: green color.
N,N-methyl amine: green color.
Aniline
N-methyl aniline
N,N-dimethyl aniline
CHEMICAL TEST
 Specific test for aniline:
 Nitrous acid reaction:
 Procedure:
1)
In test tube “1”, add 3 drops of aniline and dissolve it with 2ml of
dil.HCL, shack well.
2)
Cool the test tube in iced water.
3)
In test tube “2”, dissolve 0.5gm of NaNO2 in 5ml distal water.
CHEMICAL TEST
4) add test tube “2” in test tube “1”, while shaking gently.
P.S: if any ppt. formed, that mean the amount dil.HCL that been added is
not enough to dissolve the aniline.
CHEMICAL TEST
5) in beaker mix 1ml of phenol with 2ml of 30%NaOH, and add it to test
tube “1”.
Result: crimson color [known as Azo pigment]
Aniline
CHEMICAL TEST
 Specific test for aniline:
 Krbel amine test:
 Procedure:
add few drops of cloroform to the amine, then add 2ml of NaOH or KOH.
Heat on water bath.
Result: Krbel amine odor.
CHEMICAL TEST
 Specific test for 2nd and 3ry amine:
 Nitrous acid reaction:
 Procedure:
1)
In test tube “1”, add 3 drops of amine and dissolve it with 2ml of
dil.HCL, shack well.
2)
Cool the test tube in iced water.
3)
In test tube “2”, dissolve 0.5gm of NaNO2 in 5ml distal water.
CHEMICAL TEST
4) add test tube “2” in test tube “1”, while shaking gently.
Result:
 N-methyl aniline: oily yellowish.
 N,N-dimethyl aniline: red.
N-methyl aniline
N,N-dimethyl aniline
CHEMICAL TEST
 For the N,N-dimethyl aniline, add few drops of 10% NaOH, and leave it
for 5 min.
Result: formation of green ppt.
N,N-dimethyl aniline
CHEMICAL TEST
 Specific test for 3ry amine:
 Methylene Orange test:
 Procedure:
1)
In test tube “1”, add few mg of HSo3 in 1ml Na2CO3.
2)
In test tube “2”, dissolve 0.5 mg of NaNO2 in 5ml distal water.
CHEMICAL TEST
3) add 2-3ml of test tube “2” in test tube “1”, while cooling it in iced
water, the add few ml of dil.HCL
4) in test tube “3”, dissolve 2-3 drops of amine in 2 ml dil.HCL
5) add test tube “3” to test tube “1”.
Result: yellow color.
CHEMICAL TEST
 Specific test for 3ry amine:
 Picric test:
 Procedure:
1)
Dessolve 0.5ml of amine in acetone.
2)
Add 2ml of Picric acetone solution, with shaking.
Result: formation of yellow ppt.
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