Chapter 10 Section 5 Notes
The Bank War
Between 1816 and the early 1830s, the _________________________________ earned strong support from
____________________________.

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
They liked the fact that the Bank _________________________________________.
Moreover, the Bank was a
____________________________________________________________________.
o The paper money it issued formed a _______________________________.
Its careful policies helped create
_________________________________________________________________.
On the other hand, many Americans ______________________________.


They opposed the way the Bank _________________________________________________.
o Fearing that state banks were making too many loans, Bank directors often
______________________________________________________.
 This angered ______________________________________ who wanted to borrow
money to ___________________________.
Many southerners and westerners blamed the Bank for the
___________________________________________________________.
o In that crisis, many people _____________________________________.
The Bank’s most powerful enemy was _________________________________ who called the Bank
___________________________.
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
According to Jackson, the Bank allowed a small group of _________________________ to get rich at
the expense of _____________________________.
Jackson especially disliked ____________________________, the Bank’s president.
o He was skilled at ______________________________________________.
o Biddle got Congress to __________________________________ in 1832 even though it still
had __________________________________.
 Jackson immediately ________________________.
The fight over the Bank became a major issue in the
_______________________________________________.
o _________________________, who ran against Jackson,
_______________________________________________.
 Most voters
________________________________________________________________.
 Jackson won reelection by a ______________________________.
Jackson’s victory over the Bank helped to __________________________________________________.

It showed that a determined President could ___________________________________ and face
down _________________________________________________.
The second Bank ______________________________________________________________________.

Unfortunately for Jackson’s successor, an ___________________________ struck a few months after
Jackson left office.
o Without a Bank of the United States, it was
______________________________________________________________________.
The Question of States’ Rights
Since the founding of the United States, Americans had debated what should be the balance between the
__________________________________ and the
________________________________________________________.
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The Constitutional Convention of 1787 had created a government based on ________________, the
division of power between the _______________________________ and the _________________.
The Constitution gave the federal government _______________________________________.
o At the same time the _____________________________ set limits on
__________________________.
 It states that any powers not specifically given to the federal government are
_____________________________________________________.
Over the years, the issue of balancing federal and state power had come up repeatedly.
o The ______________________________________ had raised the issue.
o So had the ___________________________________________ and the
_____________________________________.
During Andrew Jackson’s presidency, arguments over federal power and states’ rights caused a
___________________________.
The Nullification Crisis
The crisis erupted when Congress passed a law in 1828
__________________________________________________________ and other products.



The tariff helped _____________________________________________ and
__________________________________.
But it made southerners ________________________________________________.
o It seemed to southerners that the federal government was
___________________________________________________.
Vice President ___________________________ of South Carolina argued that the states had the
right of ______________________.
o
o
Which means:
_______________________________________________________________________.
If accepted, Calhoun’s ideas would ___________________________________________.
To many southerners, the tariff issue was _____________________________________.

If the federal government could enforce what they considered an ____________________, could it
also use its power to ____________________?
John C. Calhoun based his theory of nullification on his view of ____________________________.

He said the Union grew from an _______________________________________________.
o After the Union was formed, each state _______________________________.
 One of them was the power to
_________________________________________________________________
The clearest argument against nullification came from Massachusetts Senator ____________________.

He argued that the United States had not been formed by _________________, but by the
_____________________________.
President Jackson dramatically defended _____________________.


At a banquet, Jackson looked directly at Vice President Calhoun and said,
“__________________________________________________.”
Calhoun responded by saying, “_________________________________________________.”
o In responding this way, Calhoun was saying that ____________________ were more
important than _________________________________.
In 1832, Congress passed another tariff law.

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Although it ______________________, it passed _________________ on iron and textiles.
South Carolina called a __________________________ which voted to
________________________________.
o The state also warned the federal government not to _____________________________.
 If it did, South Carolina would __________________________________.
Jackson reacted strongly.
o In December 1832 he put ______________________________________________.
o He also issued a “Proclamation to the people of South Carolina” that said the
_____________________________________ and that “disunion by armed forces is
________________.”
o With tensions running high, Calhoun ______________________________________.
In 1833, Jackson asked Congress to allow the federal government to
_______________________________________________________________.

At the same time, he supported a compromise bill that would __________________________.


In March 1833, Congress ____________________________.
South Carolina was unable to _________________________________ from other states and
______________________________________.
Jackson had successfully ______________________________, while____________________ supporters had
suffered a setback.
The End of the Jackson Era
Jackson retired from office after __________________.

Jackson’s choice to succeed him was ___________________________________.
o He was Jackson’s ________________________________ during his first term.
o He was Jackson’s ________________________________ during his second term.
In the election of 1836, the __________ ran three candidates.

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Their goal was to prevent any one candidate from
___________________________________________________________.
This would cause the election to be decided by the ___________________________________.
The strategy didn’t work and Van Buren received a majority of both the _________________ and the
_____________________________.
Van Buren took office at a time when the American economy was beginning a _________________________.


Because Britain was experiencing an economic slowdown, British manufacturers were
_______________________________.
o This caused cotton priced to ________________________.
o American banks could not
_______________________________________________________________________.
o As a result, hundreds of banks __________________________.
The result was an economic collapse in the United States called the _______________________.
o The economic hard times that followed lasted ______________________.
o The hardships of those years ____________________________________________.
Van Buren ran for reelection in 1840 against the Whig candidate ________________________________.

The Whigs portrayed Harrison as a _________________________ who would feel right at home in a
_____________________________.
o Helped by his __________________________, Harrison easily defeated Van Buren.
o The Whigs were in power and the _________________________________________.