What is the Smart Grid?
presented to the
APIC Power and Energy Innovation Forum
EnerNex Corporation
November 5, 2009
Goal: Merge Communication and Energy Networks
2
Changing the Face of the Grid
Real-time Simulation
Wide-Area Reliability
Network Optimization
Customer Participation
Participation in Energy Markets
Source: EPRI IntelliGrid
3
Smart Grid “Elevator Speech” for Consumer
Right Now
With Smart Grid
Utility doesn’t know when power
is used
Utilities will offer you lower rates for
using power in “off-peak” times
Utility often relies on you to tell
them when your lights go out
Your lights will go out less often and
outages won’t last as long
We get large blackouts like the
northeast in 2003
The grid will automatically create
“firebreaks” fast enough to stop them
Utilities do green power and
electric cars as “one-offs”
Consumers with green power and
electric cars can be everyday items
Utilities are 10-30 years behind
in cyber-security
Your electric power will not be as
vulnerable to attackers
Energy prices will increase as
aging infrastructure is replaced
Prices won’t rise as fast because the
system will be more efficient
Source: EnerNex
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Everyone Has a Different Picture
The “FERC 4” – Smart Grid Policy Priorities
• Wide Area Situational Awareness
• Demand Response
• Electric Storage
• Electric Transportation
Added by NIST:
• Advanced Metering
• Distribution Grid Management
• Cyber Security
• Network Communications
Source: BC Hydro
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NIST Three Phase Plan
PHASE 1
Identify an initial set of
existing consensus
standards and develop
a roadmap to fill gaps
PHASE 2
Establish public/private
Interoperability Panel to provide
ongoing recommendations for
new/revised standards
PHASE 3
Testing and
Certification
Framework
2009
March
6
2010
September
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NIST Smart Grid Framework – 1.0 Draft
• Smart Grid Vision
– Concepts, benefits
– Importance to National Energy Policy
– Key attributes
• Conceptual Reference Model
– To be used for discussing uses, relationships, use cases
– Consists of domains, actors, applications, networks, paths
• Standards Identified for Implementation
–
–
–
–
Original 16 from first workshop
Additional 21 in this document
Included 46 more “for consideration”
Asks for review of standards selection criteria
• Priority Action Plans
– Gaps in existing standards, missing standards, harmonization
– Agreed on in workshops with SDO representatives
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Conceptual Model High Level View
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Conceptual Reference Model
Source: NIST Smart Grid Framework
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Demand Response – Example Only!
IEC 61970
IEC 61968
MultiSpeak
ebXML
OpenADR
SOAP
REST
HTTP
1b. Register
Customer
2b. Announce
Price Event
4a.
Billing
Cycle
3b. Record
Participation
2a. Market Price
Change
1a. Enroll
Customer
4b. Send Bill
2c. Distribute
Price Event
Interface
Message
1a. Sequence Number
Example Standards
Stages:
1. Enrollment
2. Event
3. Monitoring
4. Billing
Source: EnerNex
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ZigBee SE
WiFi
BACnet
HomePlug
Ethernet
3a. Report
Usage
ANSI C12
SONET
WDM
Frame Relay
WiMAX
ANSI C12
BPL
Cellular
WiMAX
Proprietary
2d.
Local
Price
Event
2e.
Reduce
Usage
The “GWAC Stack” Underneath
Organizational: Policy, Business Objectives, Business Procedures
Informational: Business Context, Semantic Understanding
Technical: Syntactic Interoperability, Network Interoperability, Basic Connectivity
Cross-Cutting Issues: Security, Resource Identification, Time Synch, etc.
Source: EnerNex
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First 16 NIST Framework Standards
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
AMI-SEC System Security Requirements
ANSI C12.19 End Device (Meter) Tables
BACnet Building Automation & Control Net
DNP3 – Distributed Network Protocol
IEC 60870-6 – Inter-Control Center
IEC 61850 – Comms Nets in Substations
IEC 61968/61970 – Common Info Model
IEC 62351 – Data Comms Security
IEEE C37.118 - Synchrophasors
IEEE 1547 – Distributed Resources
IEEE 1686 – IED Cyber Security
NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection
NIST SP 800-53/82 Fed Info Sys Security
Open Automated Demand Response
Open Home Area Network Requirements
ZigBee/HomePlug Smart Energy Profile
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SGIP Structure
Smart Grid
Recognized
Standards
NIST Oversight
Stakeholder
Category
Members (21)
SGIP
Standing
Committee
Members (3)
One Organization,
One Vote
Use Cases
At large
Members (3)
Ex Officio
(non-voting)
Members
SGIPGB
Requirements
Standing
Committees
Working
Groups
SGIP
Smart Grid Interoperability Panel and Governing Board
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Priority
Action
Plans
In Progress
Stds
Descr.
Conceptual Model
Products (IKB)
Stakeholder Categories - Draft
1.
Investor Owned Utilities
2.
Municipal Electric Utilities
3.
Rural Electric Utilities
4.
Independent Power Producers
5.
Renewable Power Producers
6.
Transmission Operators
7.
Retail Service Providers
8.
Commercial & Industrial Consumers
9.
Residential Consumers
10.
IT, Application Developers & Integrators
11.
ICT Infrastructure Providers
17.
Standard Development Organizations
12.
Electric Transportation
18.
13.
Power Equipment Mfg and Vendors
Professional Societies, User Groups,
Industry Consortia
14.
Appliance Manufacturers
19.
Academia, R&D Organizations
15.
Electricity & Financial Market Traders
20.
State & Local Regulators
16.
Venture Capital
21.
Relevant Federal Agencies
14
Ways to Participate
• Contribute to IEC, IEEE and other standards orgs
– The SGIP will not make standards
– Only provides a forum and advisory to NIST
• Join in as part of the SGIP stakeholder categories
– Web conferences Oct 9, Oct 28, Nov 12
– First face-to-face meeting at Grid-Interop Conference
– Call for candidates for the governing board
• Provide feedback on the charter
– First act of SGIP will be to ratify its charter
– Governance board could include international liaisons
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Reference Information
Links
NIST Smart Grid Site
EPRI Roadmap Report
Framework 1.0 Draft
NIST Collaboration Site
IEC Smart Grid Stds
http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/
http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid/Report%20to%20NI
STlAugust10%20(2).pdf
http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/smartg
rid_interoperability.pdf
http://collaborate.nist.gov/twikisggrid/bin/view/SmartGrid/WebHome
http://www.iec.ch/zone/smartgrid/grid_relevantstd
s.htm
Grid-Interop Conference http://www.grid-interop.com/2009/
DOE System Report
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http://www.oe.energy.gov/DocumentsandMedia/fi
nal-smart-grid-report.pdf
NIST Interoperability Framework – History
• 2007 EISA gives NIST responsibility for a Smart Grid Framework
• 2008 NIST forms Domain Expert Working Groups
– T&D, Home-to-Grid, Building-to-Grid, Industry-to-Grid, PEV-to-Grid,
Business and Policy, Cyber Security
• 2009 ARRA accelerates need for standards
– EPRI selected as contractor
• 2009 NIST holds large-scale workshops to identify standards
–
–
–
–
Several hundred stakeholders from a variety of groups
April 28-29: Produced draft list of 16 standards: “low hanging fruit”
May 19-20: Analyzed use cases, requirements and standards
August 3-4: Developed Priority Action Plans with SDO representatives
• 2009 August EPRI produces Roadmap Report based on
workshops
• 2009 September
– NIST Smart Grid Framework draft 1.0 released
– EnerNex selected as contractor for next phases
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Draft Standards Acceptance Criteria
• Enables Smart Grid characteristics as defined by EISA, DOE Smart
Grid System Report
• Is applicable to one of the priority areas identified by FERC and NIST
• Enables the transition of the legacy power grid to the Smart Grid.
• Is an open, stable and mature industry-level standard developed in
consensus processes from a standards development organization
• Is supported by an SDO or Users Group to ensure that it is regularly
revised and improved to meet changing requirements and that there is
strategy for continued relevance.
• Is openly available under fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory terms.
• Is developed and adopted internationally, wherever practical
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