The Smart Grid and Consumer
Electronics
George W. Arnold, Eng.Sc.D.
National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability
National Institute of Standards and Technology
World Electronics Forum
January 10, 2011
The Electric Grid
“The supreme engineering
achievement of the 20th century”
- National Academy of Engineering
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The Electric Grid 100 Years Ago
It’s not too different today!
Wall Street, 1913
Edison Pearl Street Station, 1882
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Smart Grid – A U.S. National Priority
“It is the policy of the United States to support the
modernization of the Nation's electricity [system]…
to achieve…a Smart Grid.” Congress, EISA 2007
“We’ll fund a better, smarter electricity
grid and train workers to build it…”
President Barack Obama
“To meet the energy challenge and create a 21st
century energy economy, we need a 21st century
electric grid…” Secretary of Energy Steven Chu
“A smart electricity grid will revolutionize the way we use energy, but
we need standards …” Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke
The Grid Needs to be Modernized
The Smart Grid integrates
information technology
and advanced
communications into the
power system in order to:
•
•
•
•
Reduce Costs
Use More Renewables
Improve Reliability
Support Electric Vehicle
Charging
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Reducing Cost
2007 Generation by Source
Sources:
(1)
DoE EIA
(2)
Brattle Group
• Half of U.S. coal plants are > 40 years old
• Upgrade or replacement will cost $560 B by 2030
• Smart grid helps utilities and consumers reduce both peak and
average use – thus reducing investment otherwise required
– US per capita annual electricity usage = 13000 kWh
– Japan per capita annual usage = 7900 kWh
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Using More Renewables
• Electricity generation
accounts for 40% of
human-caused CO2
• Smart grid enables
dynamic control needed
for much greater use of
wind and solar
Source: PJM
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Increasing Reliability
Power outages
Minutes/year/customer
140
120
100
80
60
• $80 Billion /year
cost to U.S.
economy
• Smart grid sensors
and automated
controls will improve
reliability
40
20
0
US
Japan
Sources:
(1) IEEE Benchmarking 2009 Results
Distribution Reliability Working Group
(2) Japan Ministry of Economy Trade and
Industry 2010
(3) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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Electric Vehicle Charging
2020 SUMMER LOAD IMPACT – NO UTILITY INVOLVEMENT*
26,000
Worst Case
24,000
22,000
MW
20,000
18,000
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Initial Load Forecast
Ports
Rail
T rucks
Forklifts
PEVs
2020 SUMMER LOAD IMPACT – WITH UTILITY INVOLVEMENT*
26,000
24,000
22,000
20,000
MW
• Opportunity to use idle
capacity on the grid
• Smart grid enables
charging management
to avoid overload during
peak periods
1 2 3
Hours
18,000
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
1 2 3
Hours
9
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Initial Load Forecast
Ports
Rail
T rucks
Forklifts
PEVs
Source: Southern California Edison
The Smart Grid Essential Concept
Two-way flow of electricity and information
Dynamic management of both supply and demand
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Where Does the Power Go?
Other —
Miscellaneous
Uses
19%
Comm’l
36%
AC
17%
Res.
37%
Cooking
2%Dishwasher
2%
Computers
4%
Indust.’l
27%
Lights
15%
Washer/dryer
6%
TV
7%
Heating
9%
Refrigeration
10%
Hot Water
9%
Source: DoE EIA, 2008 data
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Consumer Electronics Can Drive
Innovation on Customer Side of the Meter
NIST Smart Grid Reference Model
• Home area network
• Energy services interface
• Home energy
management
systems/apps
• Controllers
• Displays
• Sub-metering devices
• Embedded smart gridaware intelligence
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Standards are Critical:
Smart Grid Interoperability Panel
•
•
•
•
Public-private partnership created in Nov. 2009
620 member organizations
Open, public process with international participation
Coordinates standards developed by Standards Development
Organizations (SDOs)
– Identifies Requirements
– Prioritizes standards development programs
– Works with over 20 SDOs including IEC, ISO, ITU, CEA, IEEE, …
• Web-based participation
SGIP Twiki:
http://collaborate.nist.go
v/twikisggrid/bin/view/SmartGr
id/SGIP
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Benefits of Global Standards
• Avoid unnecessary adaptations for
different markets
• Promote supplier competition
• Encourage innovation
• Lower costs for suppliers
• Lower costs for utilities
• Lower costs to end customers
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Further Information
• Web portal: http://www.nist.gov/smartgrid
• Contact:
– George Arnold, National Coordinator
– Email: george.arnold@nist.gov
– Telephone: +1.301.975.2232
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