Matter
Section 3.1
What do you know?
Where can you find matter?
Do you think there is any place where you wouldn’t
find matter?
How are liquids different from gases?
What are some names for the particles of matter?
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Can You Read My Mind?
1. Mentally, select an object in your classroom.
2. Write everything you can think of to describe the
object without actually naming it.
3. How many different ways can you describe the
object?
4. See if a classmate can guess what your object is,
based only on your descriptions.
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Matter
Matter- anything that takes up space and has mass
Mass- amount of matter in an object.
Mass of an object is not the same as the space it
takes up.
Everything is made of matter including the entire
universe.
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Physical Properties of
Matter
Physical properties- things that can be observed or
measured without changing the makeup of a
substance.
Mass, volume, and density are physical properties of
matter.
Each different kind of matter has different physical
properties.
Phases of Matter
All matter is made of tiny particles.
From observations they have developed the particle
theory of matter (Observations in Table 3.1).
What causes particles to move faster?
3 Phases of Matter:
Solids
Liquids
Gases
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Solids
Definite shape
Definite volume
Particles are close
Particles vibrate back and forth but held in fixed
positions by strong forces.
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Liquids
Definite volume
Does not have definite shape
Particles move freely
Liquid takes shape of container it is in.
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Gases
Does not have definite shape.
Does not have definite volume.
Particles move constantly and rapidly in all
directions.
Particles are far apart.
Particles fill all available space in a container.
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Questions
How do the particles in solids, liquids, and gases differ?
How does the shape of the container affect liquids and
gases?
How does shape and volume affect solids, liquids, and
gases?
Look at Figure 3.2 on page 52:
Which drawing shows the fastest-moving particles?
Which drawing shows particles arranged in a pattern?
How would you use the drawings to explain why gases
tend to be less heavy than solids?
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Elements
Elements- a form of matter that cannot be changed
into simpler substances by any chemical process or
by heating.
Exist in nature as solids, liquids, or gases.
Most elements are solids at room temperature.
Elements that are present as gases are in the earth’s
atmosphere. (they are odorless and colorless)
Only two elements exist as liquid at room
temperature: mercury and bromine.
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Atoms
Atoms- building blocks of elements
Atoms combine with other atoms to make molecules
Each kind of atom has properties that make it
different from the atoms that make up other
elements.
Each atom is made up of different particles called
subatomic particles.
Proton- positive charge; in the nuclues
Neutron- no charge; in the nucleus
Electron- negative charge; outside of nucleus
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Compounds and
Molecules
Compound- substance that is made of more than one kind
of element.
Compounds are formed from elements combining
chemically.
Most are formed from molecules.
Molecules- smallest part of a compound that has all the
properties of the compound; two or more atoms
chemically bonded.
Elements that make up a compound are always present in
the same proportions.
A compound cannot be separated into the elements that
form it except through a chemical reaction.
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Chemical Symbols
and Formulas
Chemical Symbol- the shorthand name of an element,
consisting of either a single capital letter or a capital
and lowercase letter.
Chemical Formula- a combination of chemical
symbols that represent a compound.
Sometimes a formula represents a molecule of an
element, not a compound. (eg. N2 diatomic molecule)
Sometimes a molecule has a subscript which
indicates the number of atoms in the molecule.
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Common elements in
living things
6 most abundant elements in living things.
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Phosphorus
What have we learned?
How does an atom differ from a molecule?
The chemical formula for calcium carbonate is CaCO3.
What elements make up CaCO3? How many atoms are
in one molecule of CaCO3?
Rust is a substance that forms when iron combines
with oxygen. Is rust an element or a compound?
What are the six most abundant elements in living
things?
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