Legacy High School
2014-2015 School Year
a) Geology studies the Earth
b) Oceanography studies the oceans
c) Meteorology studies the atmosphere &
weather
d) Astronomy studies the universe & space
2. What degree is the equator? 0⁰
3. Is the equator measuring latitude or longitude?
Latitude
4. What degree is the prime meridian? 0⁰
5. Is the prime meridian measuring latitude or
longitude? Longitude
6. If you go north from the equator, your latitude is
increasing (latitude or longitude?)
7. If you go west from the prime meridian, your
Longitude is increasing (latitude or longitude?)
8. What is the latitude
and longitude of point
B? 60⁰ N 120⁰ W
9. What is the latitude
and longitude of point
C? 60⁰ N 60⁰ E
Match each map type with its description:
A. Conical
B. Azimuthal
C. Cylindrical
Map made when a flat
piece of paper touches a
globe at only 1 point.
Map made when a cone of
paper is wrapped around
a globe.
Map made when a cylinder
of paper is wrapped
around a globe.
11. What type of map is the map to the left? Topographic
12. What is the relief of this map? 340
13. What is the contour interval of this map? 20
14. If the numbers on the map above are telling you the
height above sea level, then these numbers are the
elevation of the land.
15. What are the lines connecting points of equal
elevation called? Contour Lines
16. How many time zones are there? 24
17. If it is 10:00am in Las Vegas, what time
would it be at letter A? 4PM
A
1. How many states of matter are there? 4
2. Name all the states of matter:
Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma
3. This state has a definite shape and a definite volume: Solid
4. These states have no definite shape or volume: Gas, Plasma
5. This state has no definite shape, but has definite volume: Liquid
6. This state is made up of electrically charged particles: plasma
7. This state has particles that vibrate in a fixed position: Solid
8. This state requires an addition of heat energy to turn into a gas:
Liquid
9. This state has particles that are very far apart and move freely:
Gas
10. This state has particles that are close together but can slide past
one another: Liquid
11. This state requires an addition of heat energy to turn into a liquid:
Solid
12. This state must lose heat energy to turn into a liquid: Gas
13. This state must lose heat energy to turn into a solid: Liquid
14. Complete each phase change diagram:
example: freezing = liquid turning into a solid.
A. Condensation = a gas turning into a liquid.
B. Sublimation = a solid turning into a gas.
C. Vaporization = a liquid turning into a gas.
D. Melting = a solid turning into a liquid.
Match each statement with its definition:
15. The amount of space
that an object occupies.
A. Density
16. The mass of an object
divided by its volume.
B. Mass
17. The amount of matter
in an object.
C. Volume
Calculate the volume of the cube
V= lwh
2cm
Volume =
(2cm)(2cm)(2cm)
= 8 cm3
2cm
2cm
19. Describe how to find the volume of an irregular
object: Submerge it in water and measure the
difference between the before and after
water levels.
20. Describe how to find the mass of an irregular
object: Weigh the object using a gram scale
21. Energy is the ability to do work.
Match each energy type with its description:
G 22. Thermal (heat) energy a. the energy that makes things move.
D 23. Light energy
b. a combination of heat and light
energy.
E 24. Chemical energy
c. made by the flow of tiny particles
called electrons.
B 25. Radiant energy
d. a type of electromagnetic energy
that is visible to humans.
F 26. Nuclear energy
e. stored in the molecule bonds and
released during chemical
reactions.
A 27. Mechanical energy
f. stored in the nucleus of an atom.
C 28. Electrical energy
g. caused by the movement of
particles (atoms and
molecules) in an object.
29. What types of energy are in these items?
(potential or kinetic?)
Potential
Potential
Kinetic
30. The Law of Conservation of Energy says energy
can’t be Created or Destroyed
31. Identify each as energy conversion or transfer
and then describe its change:
Conversion
Transfer
Light to
Chemical
Mechanical to
Mechanical
1. A(n) atom is the basic unit of matter.
2. Protons and neutrons are particles located in an atom’s
nucleus.
3. Positively charged particles within an atom’s nucleus are
protons.
4. Neutrons add only what to an atom:
A. mass
5. 2 atoms combined together form a molecule.
6. A(n) electron is the smallest individual particle of an element.
7. The outermost electrons that an atom has are called its valence
electrons.
8. Which group of elements would be expected to have very
similar properties?
A. Oxygen, sulfur, selenium
9. Atomic mass on the periodic table progressively changes left to right
and top to bottom because:
C. a proton is being added.
10. The atomic mass of an element represents the:
A. average mass of all its known isotopes.
11. How many electrons are in a neutral atom with an atomic number of
12?
B. 6
12. Which of the following explains the difference between atomic
number and atomic mass?
A. The atomic number is the number of protons and the
atomic mass is the average mass of the element’s known
isotopes.
13. Fill in the correct answer for each blank.
Element
Atomic
Number
Electrons
Protons
Neutrons
Atomic
Mass
Na
11
11
11
12
23
Sc
21
21
21
24
45
Ru
44
44
44
57
101
W
74
74
74
110
184
1. Which is an element? (circle it) Hydrogen
2. What 2 elements are the most abundant in the
Earth’s Crust? 1st= Oxygen; 2nd= Silicon
3. What are the 5 characteristics of minerals?
a. Inorganic
b. Naturally Occurring
c. Definite Crystalline Structure
d. Distinct Chemical Composition
e. Solid
4. What is the most common mineral in the Earth’s
crust? Quartz
5. How are minerals grouped? By the elements
they are made of
6. A polished mineral that is rare is called a what?
Gem
7. What is a crystal? A mineral that has a regular
shape and repeating pattern
Match each mineral property with its description.
Streak
Cleavage
Hardness
Fracture
The ability of a mineral to resist
scratching.
The tendency of a mineral to
break and form uneven,
irregular surfaces.
The color of a mineral in
powdered form.
The tendency of a mineral to
split and form flat, smooth
surfaces.
9. What is luster? A minerals ability to reflect light
10. Why isn’t color a good indicator of a mineral?
Many minerals are similar in color and
elements may change the color of a
mineral.
11. What property of minerals does the Moh’s
scale measure? Hardness
12. What is mining? The process of extracting
valuable material from the earth
13. What is an ore? A natural material whose
concentration of economically valuable
minerals is high enough for the material to
be mined profitably.
14. Why is Nevada called the “Silver State”?
The Comstock Lode; Silver Mining in the
1860’s
1. What are rocks made of?
Minerals, Mineraloids, Glass & Organic
Matter
2. What are the 3 types of rocks?
Sedimentary, Igneous & Metamorphic
3. What are some processes that can change rocks?
Weathering, Erosion, Heat, Pressure,
Melting, Cooling, Compaction &
Cementation
4. Fill in the circles
& label the lines
with the processes
that cause the
changes.
IGNEOUS
Weathering, Erosion,
Compaction, Cementation
SEDIMENTARY
METAMORPHIC
Heat and Pressure
5. What is the above diagram called? The Rock Cycle
Identify each description below as either Igneous,
Sedimentary or Metamorphic
6. Formed by heat and pressure= Metamorphic
7. Formed by cementation= Sedimentary
8. Formed by erosion= Sedimentary
9. Formed by melting= Igneous
10. Formed by solidification(cooling)= Igneous
11. Formed by weathering= Sedimentary
12. Fossils can be found in this rock= Sedimentary
13. Can become a new rock of the same type = All
14. Can have a glassy appearance= Igneous
15. Pumice stone that can float in water= Igneous
16. Heavy layers press down(compact)= Sedimentary
17. Can be foliated or non-foliated= Metamorphic
18. What is extrusive rock?
A rock that forms on the surface
19. What size of crystals does extrusive rock have?
Small to None
20. Did the extrusive crystals cool fast or slow?
Fast
21. What is intrusive rock?
A rock that cools below the Earth’s surface
22. What size of crystals does intrusive rock have?
Large
23. Did the intrusive crystals cool fast or slow?
Slow
24. Match each texture with its description:
Glassy
Has large particles
Coarse-grained
Has no particles
Fine-grained
Has small particles
1. What is relative age? The age of a rock compared to
the ages of other rocks
2. What is absolute age? The exact age of something.
3. Using the picture, what is the
relative age of the woman?
The woman is older
than the boy
4. Using the picture, what is an
absolute age for the boy?
The boy is 7
Matching: match each geological age principle
or law with its definition.
5. Law of crosscutting relationships
B. A fault is younger than any layer of rock it cuts
through.
6. Principle of Uniformitarianism
D. Geological processes that occurred in the past can be
explained by current processes.
7. Law of Superposition
C. Layers of rock on the bottom are the oldest.
8. Principle of Original Horizontality
A. Sedimentary rocks left undisturbed will remain in
horizontal layers.
•
9. In the picture, which letter represents a fault? E
10. In the picture, which letter represent the
oldest rock? A
11. In the picture, which letter represents the
youngest rock? D
12.What are boundaries between old and new
rock that interrupt the rock record called?
Unconformities
Label each picture and write a definition for it.
• 13. Angular Unconformity = Rock layers are
tilted or folded, then
eroded away and
new sedimentary
rock is laid on top
14. Disconformity = Sedimentary rock is
eroded & new
sedimentary rock is laid
on top
15. Nonconformity = Igneous/Metamorphic
rock is exposed, eroded
away & new sedimentary
rock is laid on top
J
Use the diagram in the last slide to answer the
following questions.
16. Put the rocks in order from oldest to youngest.
E, G, L, C, H, M, D, J, A, N, K, B, F
17. What is letter A called?
Nonconformity
18. Which is younger, A or D?
A
19. C12, C13, and C14 all have different masses,
what are they called? Isotopes
20.What are 3 things that can happen to
radioisotopes?
A. The Nucleus can break apart
B. Release energy
C. Can decay into an atom of a different
type
21. What is the half-life of the isotope on the
graph? 100 Years
22. What are 5 ways that fossils can form?
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Mummification
Amber
Tar Seeps
Freezing
Petrification
Molds/Casts
Coprolites
Gastrolithes
23. Name some types of fossils:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Imprints
Molds/Casts
Coprolites
Gastroliths
24. How did scientists figure out how long ago
the Iceman Otzi died?
Carbon-15 Dating, Wooden Ax Handle
(Contains Carbon) ~5700 Years
25. Why were they able to figure out his age this
way?
Carbon-14 builds in living organisms
while they are alive at decays at a
measured rate after death
26. How many millions of years ago did dinosaurs evolve?
225 mya Go extinct? 65 mya
27. How many millions of years ago did humans evolve?
Less than 1 mya
28. About how old do scientists think the Earth is? 4.6 Billion
Years
29. How many fossils have been found? Some of plants and
animals.
30. What are the 4 Geological Time Eras and give a
unique fact about each one.
a) Precambrian: Earth Forms, Fossils Rare,
Stromatolites
b) Paleozoic: Echinoderms/Fish Appear, Growth of
Multicellular Life
c) Mesozoic: Age of Dinosaurs, Pangea
d) Cenozoic: Age of Mammals, Modern World