Anglo American settlement
How is different than previous Spanish settlement
attempts?
How does it affect Spanish governance of Texas?
How does it affect Texas?
Vocabulary
• Anglo American: Typically, non- Hispanic, US
citizens whose ancestors had moved to the US
from European countries
• Immigrant: person who settles in a new country
• Empresario: a person who makes arrangement
to bring settlers to a colony; like a travel agent /
land developer
• Recruit: to persuade someone to join a group
• Filibuster: person who engages in a private
rebellious activity in a foreign country; a rebel
Vocab
• Compromise: mutual agreement in which each
side gives up something in order to reach a
settlement
• Neutral: not belonging to one side or another
• Republic: nation or state in which people elect
representatives to govern them
• Tejano: person from Mexican descent who lives
in Texas
• Cede: to surrender by treaty or agreement
Spanish Settlement of Texas
• 1519 de Pinda
• 1528 de Vaca…1st Spaniard to set foot
• 1528 – 1690…settlement via exploration
and… to support exploration
• 1690 – 1800…Mission system…establish a
presence & develop productive Spanish
citizens…largely a failure…not many want to
go solely to promote Christianity.
Louisiana Purchase 1803
US bought land from France as part of the
Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Now US and Spain share the border between
Louisiana and Spanish Texas
Growing interest in US for Texas land.
US proximity = greater pressure on Spanish rule
The Neutral
Ground
Agreement Map
Nobody’s responsible
=
devolves into chaos
The Adams-Onis Treaty
• Background: 1817, US General Andrew Jackson
chased some Indians into Spanish Florida…this
created conflict between US & Spain. Also conflict
with US claims of land in Texas.
• Resolve conflict w/treaty called the Adams-Onis
Treaty (1819)
Terms of Treaty
• Spain ceded Florida to US and agreed that Sabine River would be
boundary between Spanish Texas and Louisiana and Red River as
northern boundary
• US agreed to not let people stake land claims west of Sabine River…this
made Americans mad because they wanted to go west
• But….People ignored treaty and took land in Texas away from Spain
The Adams-Onis Treaty
http://mrcapwebpage.com/VCSUSHISTORY/adamsonistreaty.gif
Anglo Americans begin
Moving West
• After American Revolution 1776, many Anglo Americans
(most were from England) wanted a new life…many wanted to
move west even though Spain controlled much of the
west.
• Spain didn’t want US to claim any land west of Mississippi
River but many settlers from US had already moved to
Spanish owned lands.
• Spain concerned so many Americans were moving into
Spanish land that Anglo Americans would outnumber
Spanish settles.
Spanish reaction…
control Immigration!
• Spain wanted to control number of immigrants
by allowing Anglo Americans settle in Missouri if:
– They pledged their loyalty to Spain
– They became Catholic
• Reasons for doing this:
– Populate area to extend Spanish rule.
– Hoped new settlers (who agreed to conditions above)
would keep other Anglo Americans from coming into
territory illegally.
– Buffer zone between Native Americans and New
Spain
Spain changes tactics…attempts to
control immigration
1788 - Spain authorizes 1st Empresario to
recruit settlers from US to Missouri in a
structured manner.
George Morgan
– He took responsibility for settlers.
– Founded the town of New Madrid on Mississippi River (what is
now Missouri)
– His example as an Empresario set example for Empresarios who
would come later…..Although there would be a delay before
other Empresarios begin to bring settlers…1820 Austin granted
permission.
In the absence of structure…Filibusters arrive
Philip Nolan in Texas 1800
• Some Texas settlers, known as filibusters did not like
the Spanish settlement requirements.
(allegiance to Spain; become Catholics)
• First filibuster to come to Texas: Philip Nolan
– Led men into Texas to capture wild horses…sold them for profit in US
– At first, he had permission from Spain to do this but later was accused of trying to
take Texas from Spain…Spain perceives filibusters as a threat.
– Warned not to come back into Texas or would be arrested.
• Nolan came back to Texas anyway with group of men
Had battle with Spanish soldiers near Waco
Nolan was killed…men were taken as to Mexican prison
More Filibusters
Gutierrez de Lara - Magee
Expedition 1812
• Augustus Magee resigned from US Army. He
met Bernardo Gutierrez de Lara.
• Started the Republic of the North (Republican
Army of the North)…wanted to free Texas!
• Their army was made up of Tejanos, Native
Texans, Anglo Americans, and volunteers.
• They arrived in Nacogdoches in 1812…proclaimed
Texas free from Spain!
• Moved on to Goliad (La Bahia) to free it but Magee
was killed.
• They were defeated by Spanish General Joaquin
de Arredondo in 1813 Battle was near Medina
River (15 miles from San Antonio)
Battle of Medina
http://www.texasvis.com/Images/Video%20Images/filabusters1/fewb&wguysonhorse.jpg
Gutierrez de Lara - Magee
Expedition
IMPACT?
Even though they were finally
defeated at Battle of Medina, it
encouraged others to try to free
Texas and Mexico from Spain
The Last Filibuster
The Long Expedition
• June, 1819: Doctor James Long led a group of people from
Natches, Mississippi to Nacogdoches…he then declared Texas
independent from Spain
• Long wanted Jean Lafitte to help the Texans fight help to free
Galveston but Lafitte refused. So Long went back to Natches, MS
and get more men for an expedition to La Bahia (Goliad).
• Spanish troops forced Long and his 2nd group of men to surrender.
Long was sent to Mexico City and was shot by a prison guard.
• This was the last major filibuster in Texas
Filibusters
Nolan / de Lara - Magee / Long
• All include direct armed battles with
Spanish forces.
• Filibusters failed to make Texas free from
Spain…but, their activities encouraged
people to move to Texas.
Anglo American settlement
How is different than previous settlement attempts?
How does it affect Spanish governance of Texas?
How does it affect Texas?