Ancient Near East
Sumerian
Akkadian
Babylonian
Assyrian
Persian
1
Ancient Egypt
Pre-dynastic Period
Old Kingdom
Middle Kingdom
New Kingdom
Amarna Period
New Kingdom cont.
Late Period
2
Proto-Greek
Cycladic
Minoan
Fresco Secco
Mycenaean
Corbeling
3
Ancient Greek
Archaic Greek—6th century
Persian Wars [Darius the Great & Xerxes]
Classical Greek—5th century [idealized naturalism]
Contrapposto
Polykleitos’s Cannon of Proportions
y = 2x + 1
Pericles
Late Classical—4th century [humanized naturalism]
Peloponnesian War (Sparta vs. Athens)
death of Alexander the Great (323 BCE)
Hellenistic Greek
—3rd – 1st century BCE [dramatized naturalism]
4
Ancient Rome
Republican Period [509 BCE – 27 BCE]
Imperial Period [27 BCE – 410 CE]
Early / High Empire
Late Empire / Late Antiquity
Concrete
Rounded arch
Second Style
(illusionism)
Linear perspective
Atmospheric perspective
5
Early Christian / Late Antiquity
[ca. 200 – 500 CE]
Greco-Roman influence
Mosaic
Central plan
Longitudinal plan
6
Byzantine
[527 – 1453]
Flat
Fromal
Frontal
Floating
Justinian & Theodora
Pendentives & Squinches
Iconocalsm
7
Early Medieval [400 – 1000]
Hiberno-Saxon [600s – 700s]
Carolingian [800s]
Viking [800s]
Ottonian [900s]
8
Romanesque [1050 – 1200 CE]
Pilgrimage Church
Increased size of nave and side aisles
Added transepts
Reliquaries / Relics
Radiating chapels
Rounded arches
Barrel vault / Groin vault
Masonry vaults
Buttressing
Tympanum
Cloister
Stone sculpture revived
Christ as last judge (pantokrator)
Regional Styles (cf. France, Italy, & England)
9
Gothic [1140 – 1500 CE]
Pointed arch
Stained Glass [Lux nova]
Clerestory / Triforium
Lancets
Rose windows
Flying buttressing
Rib vaulting
Tracery
Jamb sculpture
S-curve
Abbot Suger
Pilgrimage cont.
venerate relics
Cathedral
High elevation
Regional Styles
(cf. France, Italy, & England)
“Court style” of Louis IX
Flamboyant
Perpendicular
10
Proto-Renaissance
1300s [14th century]
Italio-Byzantine
Proto-Renaissance
Modeling
International Gothic Style
11
15th century Northern Europe
[1400s]
Late Medieval
Oil paints
Increased naturalism
Private devotional imagery
Symbols
Portraiture
12
Early Renaissance
[1400’s / 15th century]
Greco-Roman influence
Humanism
Linear perspective
Chiaroscuro
13
Renaissance
[1500’s / 16th century]
High Renaissance
humanism
Sfumato
Venetian Renaissance
Oil on canvas
Arcadian / Pastoral Landscape
Protestant Reformation / Catholic Counter-Reformation
Mannerism [1420s]
14
Northern Renaissance
[1500’s / 16th century]
Protestant Reformation
Woodcut print
Italian Renaissance influence (Durer)
15
Baroque Art
[1600 – 1750 / 17th century]
Protestant Reformation
Dutch Baroque
Catholic Counter Reformation
Dynamic Baroque (Italy/Spain, Flanders)
Tenebrism
Classical Baroque (France)
“”
16
Rococo
[1700– 1750 / 18th century]
“Rubeniste”
17
The Enlightenment
[18th century taste for the “natural”]
Industrial Revolution
Grand Manor Portraiture
The Grand Tour
18
Neoclassicism
[1750 – 1850]
The Grand Tour
Excavation of Pompeii & Herculaneum
“Poussinistes”
19
Romanticism
[1750 – 1850]
“Age of Revolutions”
The Sublime
Rousseau—”Natural Man”
Hudson River School [1820s]
20
Beginnings of Photography
[Mid-19th century]
Daguerreotype—1839
Calotype—1939
21
Impressionism
[1870’s – 1880’s]
En plain air
Salon des Refuses cont. 1874, 1875, & 1886
Industrialization & Urbanization Bourgeois
22
Post-Impressionism
[1880’s]
Avant-Garde
Expressionism (color)
Formal Analysis
Pointillism (aka Divisionism)
Japonism
23
Symbolism
[Late-19th century]
Primitive artist
“Art for art’s sake”
Fin de Siecle
24
Arts & Crafts Movement
[Late-1800s]
Art based on natural forms
Elevation of craftsmanship
William Morris
25
Arts Nouveau
[1890s]
Art based on natural forms
Synthesized media
Mass-produced
26
Early Modern Architecture
“Form follows function” – Louis Sullivan
Cast iron
Steel (1860)
Glass
27
Fauvism
[1905]
Arbitrary color
28
German Expressionism
[1905 – 1914]
Die Brucke—1905
Der Blaue Reiter—1911
non-objective / pure abstraction
29
Cubism
[1907]
Analytical Cubism—1907
Fractured space / Breaking the ‘picture plane”
Synthetic Cubism—1912
Collage
Armory Show—1913
30
Futurism
[1914]
Dynamism / Speed / Movement
Progress
war as cultural cleansing
31
Dada
[1917]
Post-WWI nonsensical view of life
chance
Ready-made
photomontage
32
Surrealism
[1930s]
Sigmund Freud / Subconscious
fantasy / dreams
Naturalistic Surrealism
Biomorphic Surrealism
Automatism
33
Suprematism
[1915]
Nonobjective
“Pure feeling”—supreme reality through pure feeling
34
Constructivism
[1920s]
35
de Stijl
[1917]
“pure plastic art”—universal reality
Primary colors
Primary values
36
The Bauhaus
[1920s]
Anticipate 20th century needs
Strong basic design
Embrace industry and mass-production
Artist = Craftsman
37
Modernist Architecture
[20th century]
International Style [1930s]
Prairie Style [early-20th century]
38
Depression Era art
[1930s]
39
Regionalism
[1930s]
Nostalgic view of mid-Western American
heritage during the Great Depression
Establish an American identity
40
Mexican muralists
[1930s]
41
Post WW II Expressionism
[1945 – 1950s]
Imagery
Expressionism
42
Abstract Expressionism
[1950s]
Modernist Formalism
Gestural Abstraction [Action painting]
process
Chromatic Abstraction
43
Post-Painterly Abstraction
[1960s]
Color field painting
Hard-edge painting
44
Minimalism
[1960s]
45
Site-Specific Art
[1960s]
Earth art / Land art / Environmental art
46
Performance Art
[1960s]
John Cage
Happenings
47
Conceptual Art
[1960s]
Art as idea
48
Pop Art
[1960s]
Popular culture / mass media
49
Post-Modernism
[1970’s - now]
Post-Modern Architecture
Deconstructivist Architecture
Neo-Expressionism [1980s]
Post-Modern Critique
Issues of Race
Issues of Gender
Critique of Commodity Culture
Critique of Art
50