Reproductive Rights (Law 6036)
Professor Judith T. Younger
Spring 2013 – Syllabus and Table of Contents
Required Course Materials
There is no casebook for the Course because none covers the material adequately.
Instead, there is a customized packet of materials at the Bookstore. I’ve posted other materials
listed in the Syllabus on TWEN in the section Web Links, or Course Materials. Some you can
find yourselves on Westlaw.
Requirements for Successful Completion of the Course
The law school requires students to attend class regularly. In a course like this one,
where discussion depends so heavily on your expressed ideas and opinions, it is especially
important that you come to class. Accordingly, I expect you to be there every day. If you must
be absent on any day, please let me know in advance, so that I can excuse you. It is similarly
important for this course that you prepare each assignment before the week for which it is
assigned. To help you do that, I am requiring you to answer one question per week on the
TWEN Forums. Your answer is due by Sunday at noon and must be 200-300 words. The
questions you are to answer will be posted on TWEN under “Forums.” I will send you a separate
list of questions for class discussion. I will take lack of preparation in class, missed postings on
the forums, and multiple unexcused absences into account in deciding your final grade. There
will also be a final exam in the course. We will discuss the exam in class and decide together on
what form it should take.
Course Description and Goals
The age-old debate on the rights of individuals to sexual determination and reproductive
autonomy rages on. It grows more contentious as new technology and heated political
confrontations alter the playing field. This course, using cases, statutes, and ancient and
contemporary critical writings, examines the legal foundations for, and the social implications of,
regulating contraception, abortion, pregnancy, childbirth, and assisted reproduction. It addresses
access, funding, rights of men, women, minors, fetuses, and government. It deals with ethical
considerations and international perspectives, as well.
Some of the course material is graphic and may shock you, but it is, nevertheless, true to
life.
How to Reach Me
My office number is 322, my telephone number is 612-625-5844, and my e-mail address
is young001@umn.edu. If you want to see me and don’t find me in my office, e-mail or call to
set up an appointment.
Assignments
Week of January 22 (2 classes)
This Course in a Nutshell
1.
Mark Oppenheimer, An Evolving View of Natural Family Planning, N.Y. Times, July
9, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
2.
Guttmacher Institute, News in Context, States Enact Record Number of Abortion
Restrictions in 2011, Jan. 5, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
3.
Ada Calhoun, The Criminalization of Bad Mothers, N.Y. Times Magazine, April 25,
2012, TWEN Web Link.
4.
Katherine Q. Seelye and Andrew Keh, Cameras and Rules Against Them Stir Passions
in Delivery Room, N.Y. Times, Feb. 3, 2011, TWEN Web Link
5.
Laura M. Holson, Who’s on the Family Tree? Now It’s Complicated, N.Y. Times, July
5, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
6.
Elizabeth Kolbert, The Case Against Kids, The New Yorker, April 9, 2012, TWEN
Web Link.
Traditional Reproduction: Selected “History” and Background
7.
The Creation, Genesis 1:1-31, 2:1-25 (Authorized King James Version, hereafter KJV),
TWEN Web Link.
8.
The Fall (3999 B.C.). Genesis 3:1-21 (KJV), TWEN Web Link
9.
Birth of Cain and Abel, Genesis 4:1 (KJV) TWEN Web Link.
10. Covenant of God with Abraham about, among other things, circumcision, Genesis 17:
1-23 (KJV), TWEN Web Link.
11. Story of Onan, Genesis 38: 1-8 (KJV) TWEN Web Link.
Week of January 28 (3 classes)
12. Linda Gordon, The Moral Property of Women 7-21 (2007).
13. Randi Hutter Epstein, M.D., Get Me Out 3-16 (2010).
14. Rickie Solinger, Pregnancy and Power 2-3 (2005).
15. Act XII, Laws of Virginia, Dec. 1662 (Hening, Statutes at Large, 2: 170).
16. Letter from Thomas Jefferson to Joel Yancey (Jan. 17, 1819), in Commentary and
Relevant Extracts from Other Writings, at 43.
17. The Comstock Act: Then and Now.
Early Battles for Control of Reproductive Capacity
18. People v. Sanger, 118 N.E. 637 (N.Y. 1918) (edited).
19. Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200 (1927) (edited).
20. U.S. v. One Package, 86 F.2d 737 (2d Cir. 1936) (edited).
21. Skinner v. Oklahoma, 316 U.S. 535 (1942) (edited).
Constitutional Protection for Contraception
The Pill (in class movie)
Week of February 4 (3 classes)
22. Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965) (edited).
23. Eisenstadt v. Baird, 405 U.S. 438 (1972) (edited).
Postscripts to Buck, Skinner, Griswold, and Eisenstadt
24. Guttmacher Institute, Facts on Publicly Funded Contraceptive Services in the United
States, May, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
25. Robert Pear, New Mandates On Insurance, Many Free, Go Into Effect, N. Y. Times, Aug.
2, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
26. Kris Maher, Catholics Fight Health Rules, Wall St. J., Sept. 29, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
27. Gardiner Harris, Plan to Widen Availability of Morning-After Pill is Rejected, N.Y.
Times, Dec. 7, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
28. National Briefing, Study Finds Free Contraceptives Cut Abortion Rate, N.Y. Times, Oct.
5, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
29. Pam Belluck, Contraceptive Said to Double Risks of H.I.V., N.Y. Times, Oct. 4, 2011,
TWEN Web Link.
30. Associated Press, Access to Contraception is Supported, N.Y. Times, Nov. 15, 2012,
TWEN Web Link.
Constitutional Protection for Abortion
Jane: An Abortion Service (in class movie)
31. Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973) (edited).
32. Doe v. Bolton, 410 U.S. 179, 192 (1973) (edited).
Week of February 11 (3 classes)
Postscripts to Roe and Doe
33. Elizabeth McGill-Fox, I am Roe: My Life, Roe v. Wade and Freedom of Choice and A
Question of Choice, Studies in Prolife Feminism, Fall 1995.
34. McCorvey v. Hill, 385 F.3rd 846 (2004), cert. denied, 543 U.S. 1154 (2005) (summary).
35. Affidavit of Sandra Cano, Appendix A to Brief of Sandra Cano, (Gonzalez v. Carhart,
127 S. Ct. 1610) (2007) (Sandra Cano is the “Mary Doe” of Doe v. Bolton), (Doe v.
Bolton is item 32, supra; Gonzalez v. Carhart is item 57, infra).
Refusing to Sterilize the “Fit” and Sterilizing the “Unfit” After Roe and Doe
36. Hathaway v. Worcester City Hospital, 341 F. Supp. 1385 (D. Mass. 1972) (edited).
37. Hathaway v. Worcester City Hospital, 475 F.2d 701 (1st Cir. 1973) (edited).
38. Walker v. Pierce, 560 F.2d 609 (4th Cir. 1977) (edited).
39. In re Grady, 426 A.2d 467 (N.J. 1981) (edited).
40. Kim Severson, Thousands Sterilized: A State Weighs Restitution, N.Y. Times, Dec. 9,
2011, TWEN Web Link.
41. Martha Waggoner, No Money For Forced Sterilization Victims in North Carolina,
Huffington Post, June 20, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
Sentencing and Probation Conditions
42. People v. Pointer, 199 Cal. Rptr. 357 (Cal. Ct. App. 1984) (edited).
43. State v. Oakley, 629 N.W.2d 200 (Wis. 2001) (edited).
44. Matter of V. R., 800 N.Y.S.2d 358 (N.Y. Fam. Ct. 2004) (edited).
Week of February 18 (3 classes)
Defunding Abortion
45. Maher v. Roe, 432 U.S. 464 (1977) (edited).
46. Guttmacher Institute, State Funding of Abortions Under Medicaid, Policy Review, Dec.
1, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
47. Guttmacher Institute, Restricting Insurance Coverage of Abortion, State Policies in
Brief, Dec. 1, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
48. Ensuring Enforcement and Implementation of Abortion Restrictions in the Patient
Protection and Affordable Care Act, Exec. Order No. 13535, March 24, 2010, TWEN
Web Link.
49. Jill Lepore, Birthright, The New Yorker, Nov. 14, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
50. Emily Bazelon, Charmaine Yoest’s Cheerful War on Abortion, The New York Times
Magazine, Nov. 4, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
Reducing Roe Further
51. Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pa. v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992) (edited).
52. Benten v. Kessler, 505 U.S. 1084 (1992) (edited).
53. Freedom of Access to Clinics Act, 18 U.S.C. § 248 (1994).
54. Partial Birth Abortion, National Right to Life (2003), TWEN Web Link (illustration of
the procedure “dilation and extraction,” also known as D&X).
55. Dilation and Evacuation Abortion (D&E) of a 23 Week Old Fetus, National Right to Life
(2003), TWEN Web Link (illustration of the procedure).
Week of February 25 (3 classes)
56. Stenberg v. Carhart (Carhart I), 530 U.S. 914 (2000) (edited).
57. Gonzales v. Carhart (Carhart II), 127 S. Ct. 1610 (2007) (edited).
58. Joe Stumpe, Abortion Doctor Slain by Gunman in Kansas Church, N.Y. Times, June 1,
2009, TWEN Web Link.
59. Scott Roeder’s Post-Trial Statement, Feb. 5, 2010, TWEN Web Link
60. Editorial, Bad Medicine For Women, N.Y. Times, Nov. 7, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
Personifying Fetuses
The Silent Scream (in class movie)
61. Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc., New York, N.Y., The Facts Speak
Louder than “The Silent Scream,” originally published 1985, TWEN Web Link.
62. Eric Eckholm, New Laws in 6 States Ban Abortions After 20 Weeks, N.Y. Times, June 27,
2011, TWEN Web Link.
63. Ed Pilkington, Outcry in America as pregnant women who lose babies face murder
charges, The Guardian, June 24, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
Week of March 4 (3 classes)
Marginalizing Men
64. Dubay v. Wells, 442 F.Supp.2d 404 (E.D. Mich. 2006), aff’d 506 F.3rd 422
(6th Cir. 2007) (summary).
65. Pam Belluck, Fatherhood Cuts Testosterone, Study Finds, for Good of the Family, N.Y.
Times, September 13, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
66. Greg Hampikian, Men, Who Needs Them? N.Y. Times, Aug. 24, 2012, TWEN Web
Link.
67. Judith Shulevitch, Why Fathers Really Matter, N.Y. Times, Sept. 9, 2012, TWEN Web
Link.
68. Babbage, The Pill For Men, The Economist, Aug. 16, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
69. Roni Caryn Rabin, Benefits of Circumcision Are Said to Outweigh Risks, N.Y. Times,
Aug. 27, 2012, TWEN Web Link
70. Sharon Otterman, City Health Board, Citing Disease Risk, Decides to Regulate a
Circumcision Ritual, N. Y. Times, Sept. 14, 2012 TWEN Web Link.
71. Josef, Joffe, A German Judge Bans Judaism, Islam, Wall St. J., July 27, 2012, TWEN
Web Link.
72. Donald G. McNeil, Jr., Global Update, Zimbabwe, Legislators are Circumcised in
Parliament Building, N.Y. Times, June 25, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
73. K J Dell’Antonia, The Clock Ticks For Men as Well, N.Y. Times, Aug. 26, 2012, TWEN
Web Link.
Protecting Women From Abortion
74. Sarah Blustain, The Man Who Loved Women Too Much, Mother Jones, Jan. 2011, TWEN
Web Link.
75. Editorial, An Extraordinary Intrusion on Women’s Rights, N.Y. Times, Mar. 31, 2011,
TWEN Web Link.
Week of March 11 (3 classes)
12th and Delaware (in class movie)
76. Planned Parenthood Minnesota v. Rounds, 686 F.3d 889 (8th Cir. 2012), Westlaw.
Pregnancy and Childbirth
77. Pregnancy Discrimination Act, 92 Stat. 2076 (Oct. 31,1978), TWEN Web Link.
78. Alissa Quart, Why Women Hide Their Pregnancies, N.Y. Times, Oct. 6, 2012, TWEN
Web Link.
79. Alissa Quart, The Milk Wars, N.Y. Times, July 14, 2012, TWEN Web Link
80. Pam Belluck, Tossing the Formula, N.Y. Times, Oct. 16, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
81. Jane E. Brody, The Ideal and the Real of Breast-Feeding, N.Y. Times, July 24, 2012,
TWEN Web Link.
82. Katharine T. Bartlett and Deborah L. Rhode, Gender and Law, Theory, Doctrine,
Commentary 634-43 (5th ed. 2010).
83. Jennifer Corbett Dooren, Kids Born Just Two Weeks Early Lag in Reading, Math, Wall
St. J., July 3, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
The Business of Being Born (in class movie)
84. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Committee Opinion #476
“Planned Home Birth,” Obstetrics and Gynecology, (Feb. 2011), TWEN Web Link.
85. Samantha M. Shapiro, Mommy Wars: The Prequel, N.Y. Times Magazine, May 27, 2012,
TWEN Web Link.
86. Maura Lerner, Birth Center Offers Home (Like) Delivery, Minneapolis Star Tribune, Jan.
16, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
87. Adam Nossiter and Simon Akam, In Sierra Leone, New Hope for Children and Pregnant
Women, N.Y. Times, July 18, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
Week of March 25 (3 classes)
Minors
88. Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth, 428 U.S. 52 (1976) (edited).
89. Bellotti v. Baird I, 428 U.S. 132 (1976) (summary).
90. Carey v. Population Services, 431 U.S. 678 (1977) (edited).
91. Bellotti v. Baird II, 443 U.S. 622 (1979) (edited).
92. Minnesota’s parental notification statute, Minn. Stat. Ann. § 144.343 (2009) (edited).
93. Guttmacher Institute, Minors’ Access to Contraceptive Services, State Policies in Brief,
Dec. 1, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
94. Roni Caryn Rabin, Teenagers and the Morning After Pill, N.Y. Times, Dec. 11, 2012,
TWEN Web Link.
95. Katherine Rampell, Teenage Birthrates at Record Low, N.Y. Times, April 10, 2012,
TWEN Web Link.
96. Michelle Andrews, In All Those Pages, a Surprise or Two, N.Y. Times, Mar. 30, 2010,
TWEN Web Link.
97. Fernanda Santos and Anna M. Phillips, Sex Education Again a Must In City Schools,
N.Y. Times Aug. 10, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
98. Laurie Abraham, Teaching Good Sex, N.Y. Times Magazine, Nov. 16, 2011, TWEN
Web Link.
99. Robert P. George and Melissa Moschella, Does Sex Ed Undermine Parental Rights?
N.Y. Times, Oct. 19, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
Week of April 1 (3 classes)
Assisted Reproduction: Selected “History” and Background
100.
Timeline.
101.
Liza Mundy, Everything Conceivable, The New Reproductive Landscape, 3-23
(2007).
102.
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction Dignitas Personae on
Certain Bioethical Questions, ¶ 1-23 (2008), TWEN Web Link.
103.
Dina Kraft, Where Families Are Prized, Help is Free, N. Y. Times, July 18, 2011,
TWEN Web Link.
104.
Elissa Goodman, So Eager For Grandchildren, They’re Paying the Egg Freezing
Clinic, N.Y. Times, May 13, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
105.
Lauren Neergaard, Freezing Eggs for Fertility Works, Caution Urged, Associated
Press, Oct. 19, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
106.
Douglas Quenqua, Clinic Raffles Could Make You a Winner, and Maybe a
Mother, N.Y. Times, Oct. 21, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
The Building Blocks
107.
Ross Douthat, The Birds and the Bees (Via the Fertility Clinic), N.Y. Times, May
31, 2010, TWEN Web Link.
108.
Selling Sperm, Eggs, and Surrogates, TWEN Web Links.
109.
American Society of Reproductive Medicine, Guidelines on Number of Embryos
Transferred, (2009) TWEN Web Link.
110.
Charles P. Kindregan & Maureen McBrien, Assisted Reproductive Technology:
Contracts and Documents, ABA 2011, 333-53.
Week of April 8 (3 classes)
What Can Go Wrong
111.
Del Zio v. Presbyterian Hospital in the City of New York, No. 74 Civ.3588 (CES),
1978 U.S. Dist. Lexis 14450 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 14, 1978).
112.
John A. Robertson, The Octuplet Case – Why More Regulation is Unlikely,
Hastings Center Report, no. 3 (2009), TWEN Web Link.
113.
Johnson v. Superior Court of Los Angeles County, 95 Cal. Rptr.2d 864 (Cal. Ct.
App. 2000) (summary).
114.
Perry-Rogers v. Obasaju, 723 N.Y.S.2d 28 (N.Y. App. Div. 2001) (edited).
115.
Prato-Morrison v. Doe, 126 Cal. Rptr.2d 509 (Ct. App. 2002) (edited).
116.
Paretta v. Medical Offices for Human Reproduction, 760 N.Y.S.2d 639 (N.Y.
Sup. Ct. 2003) (edited).
117.
President’s Council on Bioethics, Reproduction and Responsibility: The
Regulation of New Biotechnologies, Mar. 2004, TWEN Web Link (Read only “Chapter
Two: Ethical Considerations, Part II”).
118.
Elizabeth Marquardt, Norval D. Glenn, and Karen Clark, Co-Investigators, My
Daddy’s Name is Donor, A Study of Young Adults Conceived through Sperm Donation,
Executive Summary, TWEN Web Link.
119.
Elizabeth Marquardt, Do Mothers Matter? Atlantic Magazine, Feb. 10, 2012,
TWEN Web Link.
120.
Molly McDonough, Prominent Lawyer Pleads Guilty in Baby-Selling Ring, ABA
Journal, Aug. 10, 2011 TWEN Web Link.
121.
Jacqueline Mroz, From One Sperm Donor, 150 Children, N.Y. Times, Sept. 6,
2011, TWEN Web Link.
122.
Nicholas Bakalar, Birth Defect Risk Seen in Assisted Conception, N.Y. Times,
May 14, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
123.
Jacqueline Mroz, High Doses of Hormones Faulted in Fertility Care, N.Y. Times,
July 16, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
Leftover Embryos
124.
Robert P. George & Christopher Tollefsen, Embryo: A Defense of Human Life
1-16 (2008).
125.
Toby Ord, The Scourge: Moral Implications of Natural Embryo Loss, The
American Journal of Bioethics, 8(7): 12–19, 2008, TWEN Web Link.
126.
Reber v. Reese, 42 A.2d 1131 (2012), Westlaw.
127.
LA. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 9:121-133 (2009), TWEN Web Link.
Week of April 15 (3 classes)
Designer Babies
128.
Susan B. Anthony and Frederick Douglass Prenatal Nondiscrimination Act of
2011 Chap. 9 § 1, Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 13-3603.02 (2011), TWEN Web Link.
129.
Debora L. Spar, The Baby Business: How Money, Science, and Politics Drive the
Commerce of Conception, Designing Babies 97-104 (2006).
130.
Arthur Caplan, Ph. D., Fetal Genetic Testing: A Troubling Technology,
msnbc.com (Aug. 9, 2011), TWEN Web Link.
131.
Darshak M. Sanghavi, M.D., Wanting Babies Like Themselves, Some Parents
Choose Genetic Defects, The N.Y. Times, Dec. 5, 2006, TWEN Web Link.
132.
Andrew Pollack, Tests of Parents Are Used to Map Genes of a Fetus, N.Y. Times,
June 7, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
Surrogacy
133.
Debora L. Spar, The Baby Business: How Money, Science, and Politics Drive the
Commerce of Conception, Renting Wombs for Money and Love 69-83 (2006).
134.
Charles P. Kindregan & Maureen McBrien, Assisted Reproductive Technology:
Surrogacy, ABA 2011, 151-58.
135.
Excerpt from In the Matter of Baby M, 537 A.2d 1227 (N. J. 1988).
136.
A.G.R. v. D.R.H. & S.H., Docket #FD-09-001838-07 (N.J. Sup. Ct. 2009).
137.
Melanie Thernstrom, My Futuristic Insta-Family, The N.Y. Times Mag., Jan. 2,
2010, TWEN Web Link.
138.
Cynthia Vukets, Surrogate Mother’s Nightmare, Parentcentral.ca, September 9,
2011 TWEN Web Link.
139.
Susan Straight, Making Babies Just To Make Ends Meet, N.Y. Times, November
3, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
Reproductive Tourism
Made in India (in class movie)
140.
Tamaura Audi and Arlene Chang, Assembling the Global Baby, Wall St. J., Dec.
10, 2010, TWEN Web Link.
141.
Jennifer Medina, Arriving as Pregnant Tourists, Leaving With American Babies,
The N.Y Times, Mar. 29, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
142.
Julia Preston, Anchor Baby, A Term Redefined as a Slur, N.Y. Times, Dec. 8,
2011. TWEN Web Link.
143.
Special Report, Buying Babies, Bit by Bit, The Economist, Dec. 23, 2006, TWEN
Web Link.
Week of April 22 (3 classes)
More About Doctors
144.
Hippocrates and the Hippocratic Oath
145.
John M. Riddle, Eve’s Herbs 38-39 (1997).
146.
Jeffrey S. Sartin, M.D., J. Marion Sims, The Father of Gynecology: Hero or
Villain? Southern Medical Journal, 2004, TWEN Course Materials.
147.
Waldo L. Fielding, M.D., Repairing the Damage, Before Roe, N.Y. Times, June
3, 2008, TWEN Web Link.
148.
Connecticut v. Menillo, 423 U.S. 9 (1975) (edited).
149.
Jennifer Lee and Cara Buckley, For Privacy's Sake, Risking Do-It-Yourself
Abortion, N.Y. Times, Jan. 5, 2009, TWEN Web Link.
150.
Stephen Miller, Remembrances, Bernard Nathanson 1926-2011, Onetime
Abortionist Who Joined Other Side, Wall St. J., Feb 22, 2011 TWEN Web Link.
151.
A.G. Sulzberger, Wichita Doctor Takes Up Fight For Abortions, N. Y. Times,
July 10, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
152.
Emily Bazelon, The New Abortion Providers, N. Y. Times Magazine, July 18,
2010, TWEN Web Link.
153.
The Associated Press, California: Fertility doctor Loses His License, N.Y. Times,
June 2, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
Week of April 29 (2 classes)
Providers’ Conscience v. Patients’ Rights
154.
Julie D. Cantor, M.D., J.D., Conscientious Objection Gone Awry — Restoring
Selfless Professionalism in Medicine, New England Journal of Medicine, Apr. 9, 2009,
TWEN Web Link.
155.
Sean Murphy, Conscientious Objection: Resisting Ethical Aggression in
Medicine, Issues In Depth Ethical Commentary, TWEN Web Link.
156.
Dominique Ludvigson, Religious Liberty of Illinois Pharmacists Vindicated, The
Foundry, Oct. 5, 2012, TWEN Web Link
157.
ACLU, Statement on Morr-Fitz v. Quinn, Sept. 24, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
158.
Guttmacher Institute, Refusing to Provide Health Services, State Policies in Brief,
Dec. 1, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
159.
Timothy M. Dolan, Obama Care and Religious Freedom, Wall St. J., Jan. 25,
2012, TWEN Web Link.
The End: Back to the Beginning
160.
Kate Clancy, The Duggars Demonstrate Life History Trade-offs Around Quality
Versus Quantity of Offspring, Scientific American, Nov. 11, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
161.
Nadia Taha, Opting Out of Parenthood, With Finances in Mind, N.Y. Times,
Nov. 14, 2012, TWEN Web Link.
162.
Mireya Navarro, Breaking a Long Silence on Population Control, N.Y. Times,
Oct. 31, 2011, TWEN Web Link.
163.
Ross Douthat, More Babies, Please, N.Y. Times, Dec. 2, 2012, TWEN Web
Link.
164.
Sneha Barot, Governmental Coercion in Reproductive Decision Making: See it
Both Ways, Guttmacher Policy Review, Fall 2012, Vol. 15, No. 4, Twen Web Link.
Four Months, Three Weeks and Two Days (in class movie, if we have time).