SAP Financial Accounting
FI
Dr. Djamal Ziani
King Saud University
FI Overview
GL
AM
AR
FI
CON
AP
Special
Ledger
FI: Financial Controlling module
• GL: General Ledger
• AM: Asset Management
• AR: Account Receivable
• AP: Account Payable
• CON: Controlling
Financial Accounting
G/L Reporting
Legal or external
reporting
• Balance sheet
• Income Statement
• Statement of
Financial Position
Financial Accounting
External Accounting
Stockholders
Financial Position
Profit & Loss
Balance Sheet
Bankers, Lenders
External Auditors
IRS, Taxing Authority
IRS: Internal Revenue Service
SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission
Controlling
CO Reporting
Internal management reporting
Reports by cost centers or other
cost “objects” and cost elements
Cost centers
Orders and Projects
Budget/plan
Actual vs. plan
Controlling
Internal Accounting
Executives
Department
Managers
Departmental Expense
Report
Salaries
10,000
Overhead
8,000
Other
5,000
Total
23,000
Controllers
Senior Management
FI and CO comparison
FI
CO
Legal or external reporting
Reports by accounts
Balance Sheet
Income Statement
Internal management
reporting
Reports by cost centers and
cost elements
Cost Center Reports
FI/CO Organizational Structures
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Client
Company
Chart of Accounts
Company Code
Business Area
Credit Control Area
Controlling Area
Client
• Highest hierarchical level in an SAP
system
• A complete database containing all the
tables necessary for creating a fully
integrated system
• Master records are created at the client
level
Company
• Consolidated financial statements are
created at the company level
• A company can include one or more
company codes
Chart of Accounts
• A listing of the accounts
• A chart of accounts must be assigned to
every company code
• Several company codes can use the same
chart of accounts
CLIENT
US CHART OF
ACCOUNTS
Co code
1000
Co code
2000
Co code
3000
GERMAN
CHART OF
ACCOUNTS
Co code
4000
Co code
5000
CLIENT
COMPANY
COMPANY
CHART OF
ACCOUNTS
CHART OF
ACCOUNTS
COMPANY CODE
COMPANY CODE
COMPANY CODE
Company Code
A BALANCED SET OF BOOKS
• A required structure
• A legally independent entity
• The smallest organizational unit for which
accounting can be carried out
•
•
•
The level where business transactions are processed
The level where accounts are managed
The level where legal individual financial statements,
such as the balance sheet and the profit and loss
statement, are created
CLIENT
COMPANY
COMPANY
CHART OF
ACCOUNTS
CHART OF
ACCOUNTS
CREDIT CONTROL
AREA
COMPANY
CODE
COMPANY
CODE
CREDIT CONTROL
AREA
COMPANY
CODE
Credit Control Area
• An organizational unit or area of
responsibility created to control customer
credit limits
• A company code is assigned to one and
only one credit control area
• Multiple company codes can be
assigned to one credit control area
CLIENT
COMPANY
COMPANY
CHART OF
ACCOUNTS
CHART OF
ACCOUNTS
CONTROLLING
AREA
CONTROLLING
AREA
COMPANY
CODE
COMPANY
CODE
COMPANY
CODE
Controlling Area
• An organizational unit defining the company's
cost/ managerial accounting operations
• A company code is assigned to one and only
one controlling area
• A controlling area can have multiple company
codes assigned to it
– This allows cross company cost allocations and
reporting
Fiscal Year Variant
•Determines the fiscal year
DECEMBER
•Calendar year or
non-calendar year
•Allows the use of special
FEBRUARY
periods to aid year-end
closing
JANUARY
•Is assigned to a company
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 code
The functional Components of
FI
FI-GL
FI-AR
General Ledger
FI-SL
Special Purpose Ledger
FI-LC
Legal Consolidation
Accounts Receivable
FI-AP
Accounts Payable
FI-AA
Asset Accounting
General Ledger G/L
•A ledger contains the accounts of an accounting system. Historically
the ledger was a book where the accountant wrote into the
postings.
•The main ledger of an accounting system is the general ledger. The
general ledger (G/L) contains all accounts of the accounting system.
•All other ledgers are subsidiary ledgers (subledgers) of the general
ledger. The SAP system contains:
accounts payable,
accounts receivable and
asset accounting.
Accounts Receivable / Accounts Payable
General
ledger
Customers
Accounts Receivable
Vendors
Accounts Payable