Module 12
INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL
DIMENSIONS TO IAS
MANAGEMENT
Conclusion from other Modules:
(1) IAS management, public awareness,
stakeholder support, institutional mandates,
laws and regulations can not be developed or
maintained in a vacuum – they influence each
other and support each other
First Part of Module
Conclusion from other Modules of this
training
(2) International efforts and cooperation will
be required to effectively address IAS
Second Part of Module
In order to to deal with invasive alien species, a
National Strategic Framework is required.
– National IAS Strategy (“The Plan”)
– Implementation (“Carrying out the plan”)
– Institutional and Structural arrangements
(“Whose job is it?” Who decides?”)
– Legislation (and regulations) (“Rights,
obligations….”)
STRATEGY
INSTITUTIONAL
IMPLEMENTATION
LEGISLATION
Different aspects of the Strategic
Framework overlap and support each
other
Building a National Strategic
Framework
BUILDING BLOCKS FOR NATIONAL
STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
Building a National Strategic
Framework
Structure in this Module:
- Developing and implementing a National
Strategy
- Leadership, Coordination and Cooperation
- Legal and Institutional requirements
- Approaches
DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING A
NATIONAL STRATEGY
(Building Blocks)
•Preliminary Assessment
•Task Force
•Producing the National Strategy
•Operational Arrangements
Implementation
National Strategy
Assessment of situation





What alien species and potentially IAS are in
your country?
What are the pathways?
What is at risk?
What agencies deal with IAS?
What laws and regulations exist?
What is the present situation and what constraints
are there?
Task Force to formulate National Strategy
(1)Wide stakeholder participation is crucial to
- maximise expert input
- maximise support
For instance: Government agencies, Primary
Producers, other industry and sectors,
Environmental NGOs, Regional Government, other
relevant Community groups
Task Force to formulate National Strategy
(2) Analyse all relevant information
(3) Determine suitable policies, practices,
operational procedures, responsibilities
and implementation arrangements
(4) Determine who should be the Lead
Agency
Task Force to formulate National Strategy
(5) Produce a Draft National Strategy
(6) Circulate the Draft National Strategy
widely for comment and input
(7) Incorporate input
(8) Submit to government for
consideration and approval
Lead Agency
Is an agency with the principal responsibility
for operationalising and managing the
National Strategy on an ongoing basis …..
….. in a system of cooperation with other
national or local government agencies and
consultation with other stakeholders
Lead Agency
Can be:
• Existing agency or
• Newly formed entity
The most suitable Lead Agency will be
different in different countries – depends on:
mandate, capacity, resources, national
situation…..
Lead Agency
1)
New Zealand, Ministry of Agriculture and
Forestry has been designated the lead agency for
all aspects of biosecurity strategy (including
biodiversity impacts)
2)
Strong coordinating structure e.g. USA National
Invasive Species Council
Key : structure of cooperation with other agencies
where roles and responsibilities are clear and which
enables all stakeholders to work effectively together
National IAS Strategy
• Vision and goals/objectives
• Scope (what species, what pathways?, geographic
coverage)
• Context
• Contents: All aspects of dealing with IAS must be
covered, including management, leadership,
coordination, awareness, legal and institutional,
research, funding …
It sets “high level” recommendation for actions – not
detailed ones
Widespread stakeholder involvement is critical
Including governmental agencies, industry,
primary sectors, NGOs, communities….
National Strategy must create clarity on
mandates and responsibilities
IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL
STRATEGY AND NATIONAL
SRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
Implementation of a National Strategic
Framework will consist of implementing high
level recommendations for action as well as
the planning and carrying out of day to day
activities to address IAS issues.
LEADERSHIP AND COOPERATION
(Building blocks)
• Lead Agency / Invasive Species
Committee
• Interagency Cooperation
• Wide stakeholder involvement
Implementation
Cooperation
Leadership & Coordination
National Strategy
Lead Agency
The main obligation and responsibility for the
implementation and ongoing management of
the National Strategy and other components
of the national framework usually falls on a
lead agency in a system of cooperation with
other national or local government agencies
and consultation with other stakeholders
• “A priority action is to establish national IAS
Committees (i.e. with full sectoral representation) and
national IAS focal points in countries that do not
already have them. The Committee should supervise
the implementation of the Strategies/Plans and set
IAS priorities and responsibilities such as identifying
key organisations to lead on specific IAS issues in
each country.”
Statement by delegates
to Austral Pacific
Workshop (GISP).
Honolulu, October 2002
INTERAGENCY COOPERATION
• Clarity of mandates
• Clarity of decision making
• Competition for funding should be
avoided
• A decision-making systems to resolve
potential conflicts of interest
• Good information flow between agencies
• Good will and understanding of a
common goal
Wide Stakeholder involvement
• Advisory role in developing
Strategy
• Involvement in the implementation
of IAS management , for example:
• Consultation in risk analysis
• Development of voluntary guidelines
or codes of conducts relating to their
sector
• Stakeholder Involvement in the
implementation of IAS management, e.g.
•
•
•
•
Participation in surveillance
Community led restoration programmes
Community led eradication or control programmes
Awareness raising and education
• Leadership, Coordination and Cooperation
are key building blocks for a National Strategic
Framework.
• It will depend on the country’s situation which
Agency may be the best suited to be a Lead
Agency.
• National IAS Committees could be a good first
step towards a Strategic Framework
• Interagency Cooperation will require goodwill
and understanding of the common goals
• Wide stakeholder involvement is critical for the
success of a Strategic Framework
NATIONAL LEGAL &
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
(Building Block)
Legal & Institutional
Implementation
Cooperation
Leadership & Coordination
National Strategy
• Law is used to implement policy objectives and
determine principles, standards and procedures to
achieve them
• Legal and Institutional systems underpin the
mandate to act to address IAS
Establishing efficient institutions is one of the most
important roles of legislation, though this is often
underestimated
Key Requirements for National
Legal frameworks
• Terminology and Definitions
• Geographical coverage
– All ecosystems
– Species native in one part of country and invasive
in another part of country (e.g. hedgehogs in
Scotland)
– Vulnerable and valuable areas
Key Requirements for National
Legal frameworks
• Species coverage
– No taxonomic groups omitted
– IAS with impacts on primary production,
livelihoods, biodiversity, health,….
Key Requirements for National
Legal frameworks
• Management
–
–
–
–
–
Prevention
Early Detection /Rapid response
Eradication
Control
Mitigation of impacts
Remember…
Where proposed biological control agents are
alien species, the full process of risk analysis
should apply to them, as for any other
proposed intentional introduction of an alien
species
Legislation must exclude alien species from
automatic protection
APPROACHES
(Building Block)
Approaches
Legal & Institutional
Implementation
Cooperation
Leadership & Coordination
National Strategy
Regional and other transboundary
approach
• IAS do not recognise country borders…
– Formalised Regional Strategies
– Regional Action Plans
– Transboundary Cooperation
INTEGRATING IAS STRATEGIES INTO
OTHER NATIONAL STRATEGIC ISSUES
•
•
•
•
Development of biodiversity strategies
Poverty alleviation strategies
Sustainable development strategies
EIA for large engineering works (e.g. canals,
tunnels, etc.)
• Protected Areas Management Plans
SUPPORTING RESTORATION AND
APPRECIATION OF NATIVE
BIODIVERSITY
Invasive species control and reforestation
initiative (in partnership with local leaders ),
school growing and planting native
trees,…..(National Park America Samoa)
Using and encouraging native
species as an alternative
Mekong River Commission
(MRC) Fisheries Programme:
promotion of aquaculture of
Indigenous Mekong fish species
Promotion of native plants for
disturbed lands, Alberta (Canada)
Any use of native species as an
alternative to using alien species
must be done in the context of
sustainable use.
Using and encouraging native
species as an alternative
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gardening
Erosion control
Developing aquaculture
Stocking of rivers and ponds
Forestry
Aid and development assistance
CONTROLS ON DOMESTIC MOVEMENT OF
SPECIES
PRIORITISING
– Risk Analysis
PRECAUTION
– Precautionary measures are advocated, required
or allowed by several international instruments,
– Precaution is especially relevant in the context of
IAS with biodiversity impacts, because of the
ecological complexity involved.
INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTIONS…..
There is always something you can do
There is always something you can do
CONCLUSIONS
Approaches
Legal / Institutional
Implementation
Cooperation
Leadership and coordination
National Strategy
STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK!!
Approaches
Legal / Institutional
Implementation
Cooperation
Leadership and coordination
National Strategy
Prevention
Early Detection /
Rapid response
Eradication
Control
Mitigation
Awareness
Education
Research
STRATEGY
IMPLEMENTATION
LEGISLATION
INSTITUTIONAL
Funding
Etc…..
CONCLUSIONS
INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS,
INITIATIVES AND PROGRAMMES
ON IAS
REGIONAL SPREAD OF IAS
• IAS, once introduced, can spread to
neighbouring countries (e.g. Cactoblastis
cactorum )
SUMMARY:
WHY INTERNATIONAL APPROACH IS REQUIRED
1) MAGNITUDE OF THREAT (Global scale)
2) NEED FOR INFORMATION SHARING:
• “usual suspects” – shared problem species
• Prior invasiveness – early warning elsewhere
3) NEED FOR MANAGEMENT COOPERATION
• IAS in one country can spread to neighbours
• Shared IAS
• Capacity building
4) GLOBAL TRADE ASPECTS
• Cause: movement of huge amount of species outside native
range (intentional, unintentional)
• Where prevention requires trade restrictions, must be consistent
with WTO/SPS….
INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
RAMSAR
The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)
Office International des Epizooties (OIE)
The World Health Organization (WHO)
IMO
GLOBALLAST
International Civil Aviation Organization
Technical Guidance for Fisheries and Aquaculture
Relationship of existing instruments with the
multilateral trading system
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMMES
AND INITIATIVES
•
•
•
•
IAS and sustainable development programmes
GLOBAL INVASIVE SPECIES PROGRAMME (GISP)
WHAT GISP OFFERS
COOPERATIVE INITIATIVE ON IAS ON ISLANDS
(CII)
• International Cooperation between peers
• GISP Partners
• Regional Cooperation