Institute of Geology and Mineral
Exploration (IGME)
Regional Division of central Macedonia
SARMa – Sustainable Aggregates
Resource Management
WP3 Leader
Kick off meeting
15-17 June, Region of Emilia Romagna, Bologna
Aggregates types in
EU
Aggregates from Construction
and Demolition Waste in Europe,
UEPG, 2006
Aggregates quarries in
Greece
WP-3: Extraction and
Demolition Site Level Activities
Challenging targets
• The operational phase of aggregate quarrying runs
from the first implementation of a minerals planning
permission through to the completion of restoration
and immediate aftercare works.
• The most important aspects of minimising the
adverse effects of quarrying on the environment with
respect to all relevant social, economic and
environmental issues in both regional scale and local
spatial planning.
• Re-use of quarry by-products produced during the
extraction and processing of aggregates.
WP-3: Extraction and
Demolition Site Level Activities
Objectives
• (1) decreasing environmental and
social impacts of quarrying and
improving reclamation,
• (2) reducing illegal quarrying, and
• (3) increasing recycling, which will
decrease the use of primary
aggregates
WP-3: Extraction and
Demolition Site Level Activities
Contribution to SARMa
• Primary aggregates are essential to the continued
development and maintenance of infrastructure of housing,
industry and transport.
• To ensure their continued provision in a steady and
sustainable manner it is essential that aggregate assessment
and planning be carried out both nationally and locally in an
effective and efficient way.
• Through best practise guiding, control of illegal quarrying
and recycling WP3 will contribute to achieve sustainable
quarry life-cycles in relation to the entire production chain of
planning and design, operational and post-closure phases.
• The benefit of improving the knowledge base at a local level
should be highlighted to optimize aggregates extraction at
site level.
WP-3: Extraction and Demolition
Site Level Activities
Methodology based on 4 activities
• Activities will enhance information available at
regional and national levels.
• WP3 starts at beginning of the project because it
provides technical information for WP4 and WP5.
• Each activity has mix of partners based on their
expertise, with at least six in each.
• Activities will be carried out in parallel and have the
same methodology: analysis (case studies),
synthesis, evaluations, pilot actions (in some cases),
outputs (reports, guidelines, and manual) and results
(local to regional events).
• The activities merge at the evaluation stage.
• Activity 3.4 develops manuals to be used for capacity
building workshops and other outreach activities in
WP4.
WP3 Task Activities
• 3.1: Best practices
edition of manuals/guides/toolboxes
towards aggregates sustainability
• 3.2: Illegal quarrying
good communication, capacity building
and stakeholder consultation to achieve
social license to operate
• 3.3: Recycling
re-use of quarry and demolition wastes.
• 3.4: Outreach/Communication
Manuals, workshops etc
Activity 3.1: Environmentally
friendly extraction practices (TUC)
Duration: 05/2009-10/2010
Objectives:
• a) collect information on best practices and
failures for aggregates extraction, e.g.
environmental management, assessment of
aggregate resource/uses information;
• b) develop guidelines for post quarrying
restoration/land use;
• c) determine impediments to best practice, e.g.
lack of knowledge, regulatory blocks;
• d) prepare recommendations for industry and
government actions to encourage best practice
e.g. LCA study approaches (?)
Activity 3.1: Environmentally friendly
extraction practices
Role of each partner
• TUC will lead activity, and partners are IGME, ER,
Parma, FGG, MINGORP, and RGF.
• Each partner involved will provide analysis of its
own case studies (region) where several quarries
will be examined.
• Partners will jointly work on synthesis, evaluation,
outputs and results.
• Partners will prepare regional events (Croatia &
BiH together, Greece, Romania, Albania, Italy).
Activity 3.1: Environmentally
friendly extraction practices
Geographical location
•
•
•
•
•
GR: Laka, Mandalos,Araxos,
IT : Lanca dei Francesi,
SP: Fruska gora,
RO: Iacobdeal, Luminita-Tasaul,
HR: Terstenik
Activity 3.1: Environmentally friendly
extraction practices
Description of pilot sites/LAKA-GR
•
•
•
•
Type of aggregate: Gravel and sand
Peculiarities: Mainly superficial quartz deposits of particle size ranges,
0.0625 mm<sand<4 mm; 4 mm<gravel<64 mm. Production residues /
quarry wastes of mainly clay and silt; inert or non-hazardous;
considerable variation in production rates from a few percent up to 30% of
total mined material; Quarry by-product fines from sand and gravel pits
vary enormously, but production percentages fall within 5 to 15%.
Justification – why is this site interesting for the project: Reutilization of an abandoned gravel mine situated in Laka area in the
region of Pella. The mine was operable since 1960 until a few years ago
but unfortunately it was shut down. The mine has a great significance for
the local development. By implementing a pilot action through the
activity 3.1, in the framework of the WP3 it will be possible to reach
and adopt best practise operations and sustainable management. It
should also be mentioned that 1300 hectares of the Laka deposit was
subjected to illegal quarrying and needs to be restored.
Development of a database of legal and illegal quarries and mines.
Activity 3.1: Environmentally
friendly extraction practices
Description of pilot sites/MANDALOS-GR
• Type of aggregate: Basic and ultrabasic igneous
rocks
• Peculiarities: Production residues characteristics
with large variation in size, very large oversize
blocks and very fine undersize particles; inert / nonhazardous. Igneous rocks produce between 10 to
30% fines.
• Justification – why is this site interesting for the
project: The Sustainable Use of High Specification
Aggregates for Skid-Resistant Road and Railway
Surfacing is of frequent request amongst local
stakeholders. The Mandalos quarry is one of the
few sites where igneous rock aggregates extraction
is in operation.
Activity 3.1: Environmentally
friendly extraction practices
Description of pilot sites/ARAXOS-GR
• Type of aggregate:
Limestone quarry owned by AKTOR, a major construction
company in Greece, which has an observer role in SARMa.
• Peculiarities:
Production residues composition: similar to rock, but with higher
quantities of chert and clay; some streams may also contain small
amounts of vein materials. Variable quantities depending on the
local topography and geology; non-hazardous. Limestone
quarrying generates around 20-25% fines.
• Justification – why is this site interesting for the project: All
available information concerning current operational and
production phases as well as related environmental and societal
issues of the Araxos limestone aggregates quarry, show that a
new more resource efficient sustainable way of management is
required.
Activity 3.1: Environmentally
friendly extraction practices
Description of pilot sites/Lanca dei Francesi
• Type of aggregate: Fluvial sand
• Peculiarities: The quarry is located within the Po River
overbanks, in a flat land that can be occasionally submerged
during river floods. The quarry started to operate in 2003. The
amounts extracted during five years were:1.000.000 m3 of sand
and 290.000 m3 of clay.. Restoration included the creation
differentiated humid zones. The sand is used in foundries and
the clay in tiles. No processing is taking place. The sand goes to
the local or provincial market. There is no waste
• Justification – why is this site interesting for the project: In
2007 the Province of Parma applied better restoration of the
quarrying sites in the Po river banks according to the regional
guide lines. This concerns about 1.250.000 m3 of sand 250.000
m3 of clay
Activity 3.1: Environmentally
friendly extraction practices
Work to be undertaken on pilot sites
• Geological mapping, and aggregates resource
evaluation, potential and sustainability
• Efficiency of Primary Aggregates Production e.g. water
& energy consumption, transport
• Extraction vs environmental management and pre-,
syn -, and post-quarrying restoration & land use
• Legal monitoring and environmental impacts as
viewed by local/regional authorities
• Waste management
• Market research e.g. potential applications, products
demand and availability vs local/regional needs
Activity 3.1: Environmentally
friendly extraction practices
Deliverables/Outputs
• Best practices collected from the pilot areas and
elsewhere will become fully operational towards
resource efficiency.
• Best practise manuals will be printed and
disseminated
• Operational guidelines and recommendations for
industry and government
• Creation of database of legal and illegal quarries
• Manual on environmentally friendly practises for the
industry aiming to implement tools for sustainable
extraction of aggregate resources
3.2. Illegal quarrying (IGR)
Objectives (07/2009-12/2010)
• a) case studies (5 regions) on illegal quarrying;
identify incentives and problems,
• b) legal and illegal quarrying workshops; interested
groups can share preferences, knowledge and
experiences, and develop
• c) recommendations on socially acceptable, life
cycle quarrying;
• d) database of illegal quarries (pilot action), and
• e) high-efficiency techniques for quarry monitoring
The benefit of improving the knowledge base at a local level should be highlighted
3.2. Illegal quarrying
Role of each partner
• IGR is lead, with partners: METE, Pella and
IGME, MINGORP, ER, and Parma.
• Partners will monitor both illegal quarries
(those with no permissions, e.g., in
Albania) and illegal activities at legal
quarries (actions outside legally bonding
framework, e.g., in Emilia-Romagna).
• Pilot action: Test design/structure of
database on illegal quarries in Albania.
3.2. Illegal quarrying
Geographical location
•
•
•
•
•
RO: Gostavatu,
GR: Laka,
IT: Taro River,
AL: Fushe Kruje,
HR: Terstenik
3.2. Illegal quarrying
Methodology
• Effective and regular dissemination of
information to particular stakeholder
groups.
• Developing mechanisms to increase
communication and discussion
between stakeholders.
• Training courses and quarry visits.
• Remote monitoring of illegal quarrying
Good communication, capacity building and stakeholder
consultation to achieve social license to operate
3.2. Illegal quarrying
Work to be carried out
• Implementation of case studies (in five regions) on
illegal quarrying, identifying incentives (legal, social,
economic) for the activity, as well as problems
associated therewith.
• Implementation of facilitated community
engagement workshops on quarrying, both legal
and illegal, in which a range of stakeholders will
participate and share their opinions, preferences,
knowledge and experience. The importance of good
communication and stakeholder consultation will be
highlighted throughout the planning system,
particularly at the local level.
• Preparation of recommendations for socially
acceptable quarrying over the full life cycle based on
content of the best practice manuals and outcome of
the workshops
3.2. Illegal quarrying
Deliverables/Outputs
• Report on 5 case study areas: ALB,
ROM, HR, GR, IT
• Creation of database framework of legal
and illegal quarries
• Provision of recommendations for
socially acceptable quarrying
• Action plan for social licence to mine
• Validation of implementation rules for
avoiding illegal quarrying
3.3. Recycling (ANPAR)
Duration: 07/2009-12/2010
Objectives
• a) preparation of life cycle analyses of
primary and secondary aggregates used in
construction, transportations infrastructure,
etc. and disposed of in land fills or by
recycling, etc.;
• b) determine impediments to recycling and
use of secondary materials;
• c) prepare recommendations for quarry
waste management,
• d) preparation of C&D waste manual.
Natural vs recycled
aggregates
Aggregates from Construction
and Demolition Waste in Europe,
UEPG, 2006
3.3. Recycling
Role of each partner
• Anpar will provide expertise on recycling
schemes and policy, and application of life
cycle analysis to mineral waste/by-products
recycling.
• Anpar and partners (IGME, IGR, GeoZS,
METE) will provide case study locations and
collaborate on preparation of recommendations
and other joint tasks.
• Anpar will provide manual on conduction of life
cycle analyses.
• Anpar will provide manual on recycled
aggregates production and use
3.3. Recycling
Geographical location
• AL: Fushe Kruje,
• GR: Vermio, Vavdos/Gerakini, Laka,
Mandalos, Araxos,
• IT: Nerviano, Legnano
• RO: Moldova Noua, Deva
• SI: V. Pirešica, Sežana, Hotavlje,
Dogoše, Novo mesto, Stahovica
3.3. Recycling
Description of pilot sites/VavdosGerakini
• Type of aggregate: Dunitic leftovers after
magnesite quarrying
• Peculiarities: Large volume of unprocessed waste
containing high value industrial minerals; commonly
used in construction applications; market would be
located in close proximity. quarry scalpings; quarry
blocks; Fill, low grade road stone, armour stone.
• Justification – why is this site interesting for the
project: Voluminous amounts of igneous rock
wastes/residues which can be used as aggregates
and other applications in this way contributing to
resource efficiency and sustainability.
3.3. Recycling
Description of pilot sites/Nerviano Ecoter
(plant 1), Legnano Ecoter (plant 2)
• Type of aggregate: Recycled aggregate
• Peculiarities: These two twin plants represent two of
the best aggregate recycling facilities in Italy.The
plants are equipped with very high level technology
machineries and produce 150 kt/y (each) of CE
marked recycled aggregates. They have an internal
laboratory to control the quality of the materials
produced (6 types of aggregates: 0/6, 0/16, 0/30,
16/30 and 0/70).For the collection on site they
developed a special system based on mobile
containers sited on the city building yards.
• Justification – why is this site interesting for the
project: The recycling centres might represent best
practice examples to be exported to other SEE
countries.
3.3. Recycling
Options and tasks to be paid
attention and carried out
• mapping, quantification, characterization, feasibility
• providing an overview of production figures and
mitigation practices
• valuable alternative materials for use in a variety of
end products, and bound and unbound applications
• do not necessarily behave in a way similar to
conventional primary aggregates
• need to develop fit-for-purpose specifications
• limestone, 20-25%; sandstone 35%; igneous rocks,
10 to 30%; sand and gravel 5 to 15%
3.3. Recycling
Deliverables/Outputs
• Reports on life cycle analyses of
aggregates/case studies: GR, IT, SLO, ALB, RO
including the whole operational chain of quarrylife (planning and design, and operational and
post-closure phases).
• Manual on the management of recycled
aggregates containing guide lines for
customers, producers and Public Authorities.
Waste needs a market
• Aggregate, landfill: local market
• Industrial minerals:
regional/national/inter-national market
(depending on value)
• Armour stone: close to harbour
• Environmental stone: local/regional?
• Easiest for quarries in populated areas!
3.3. Recycling
Sustainability aspects
•
need for a steady stream of mineral planning permissions for new
quarries and for extensions of existing operations.
• need to improve the sustainability of quarry operations in terms of
reducing quarry fines production and reductions in energy and water
consumption.
• improve aggregate reserve definition by use of better, more accurate,
exploration and assessment techniques.
• minimise fines production through carefully selected or modified crushing
and screening circuits.
• transport of aggregate from a quarry or other source to the point of use is
essential affecting communities in the vicinity of transport routes and
infrastructure and the global environment as it is estimated that transport
accounts for between 20% and 40% of the total carbon dioxide emissions
generated by the aggregate industry as a whole. Alternatives to road
transport are limited.
The SARMa project will contribute to improving knowledge and practice
and reducing the adverse environmental effects of transport.
3.4:Outreach
/Communication
Objectives
Preparation of a manual synthesizing
reports and recommendations from
each site level activity. It will explain
requirements for and actions needed to
enhance resource efficiency in
quarrying at local level.
3.4:Outreach
/Communication
Role of each partner
• All group members will be involved.
Manuals will be used in workshops
of WP2 and all partners will
disseminate them.
• They will be printed in English and
local languages of countries
involved.
WP3 Time frame
(first 15 months)
• M0-M6: operational evaluation and legal and waste
use aspects of the selected aggregates producing
pilot areas along with complementary field work.
Inventory and relevant data base approaches
• M6-M7: technical meeting of WP3 to assess the
current state of the local quarry sites operations
and discussions for “sustainable” improvements
• M7-M15: results local/regional scale exploitation
along with case-by-case edition of best practice
guides and related SDI/LCA achievements
Institute of Geology and
Mineral Exploration (IGME)
Regional Division of central
Macedonia
Thank you for your attention
narvanitidis@thes.igme.gr