A View of Egypt by Satellite DELTA SINAI PENINSULA LOWER EGYPT The Fertile Nile Valley The Annual Flooding of the Nile Egyptian Social Hierarchy EGYPTIAN PHARAOHS ننPharaoh means “great house” or “palace” نPharaohs had absolute power. Yet aided by families and bureaucracy. ننVIZIER held important position next to Pharaoh. He headed the bureaucracy. Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Tutankhamon 1336-1327 B. C. E. Thutmose III 1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E. Queen Nefertiti POLITICAL • Pharaoh – Religious and Political Ruler of Egypt • Egyptian Government a Theocracy • Pharaoh considered a god by the Egyptians Egyptian Priestly Class Priest shared power with Pharaohs but Pharaohs had most of the power RELIGION Polytheistic like the Mesopotamians ANKH Egyptian Gods & Goddesses: “Polytheism’” Osiris Isis Horus Egyptian Society and Daily Life Marriage and Women’s Social Status Egyptians married young – Age 13 to 17. The husband was the master, but the wife ran the household and educated the children. – Example of Patriarchy but women had some rights. • Women kept their property, even in marriage. • Marriages could end in divorce, which included compensation for the women. • Women could become independent merchants, priestesses, and even pharaohs. (pages 51–52) Rich versus Poor Middle Class Homes Peasant Homes Scenes of Ancient Egyptian Daily Life Making Ancient Egyptian Beer Making Ancient Egyptian Wine An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves” Mirror Perfume Whigs ARTS Hieroglyphic “Cartouche” Hieroglyphics is Egyptian system of writing Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols Egyptian Scribe Papyrus Paper Hieratic Scroll Piece Papyrus Plant Champollion & the Rosetta Stone Stepped Pyramid slightly different than Ziggurats “Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu Giza Pyramid Complex Pyramids were symbols of the great power of Pharaohs – Tombs of the Pharaohs The Valley of the Kings Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask 1336-1327 B. C. E. King Tutankhamon King Tutankhamun’s Tomb Treasures From Tut’s Tomb