SESSION 5 –
VALUES & GOALS
Copyright 2011 Phil Heywood
Lecture Outline
1. Value Sets in Community Planning
2. Prosperity
3. Liberty
4. Buzz Pairs: Prosperity & Liberty in Practice
5. Social Justice
6. Sustainability
7. Interactions between values
8. Conclusions: mutual support
9. Comments & Questions
1. Value Sets in Community Planning
PROSPERITY
Progress
Knowledge
Sustenance
JUSTICE
Equity
Shelter
Self
Expression
Energy
SUSTAINABILITY
Survival
Recreation
Security
Health
Nurture
Fraternity
LIBERTY
Choice
Procreation
Comfort
Rest
Beauty
Diversity
Reasons for Choice of Values:
Survival & Flourishing
1. Prosperity
• Enhances survival prospects –skills, products, inventions
• Supports “human flourishing”
2. Liberty & Choice
• Self Expression
• Human Choice
• Bills of Rights
• Role of Personal Independence in promoting truth, progress & survival
3. Social Justice
• Role of equity in promoting personal independence
• Basis of stable & sustainable community life
4. Sustainability
• Conserves essential resources
• Promotes harmony between people, places & times
1. A Vision of Prosperity:
David Hockney’s Road across the Wolds
Prosperity:
What it Means for Community Planning
ATTRIBUTE
CURRENT
ROLES
EXAMPLES
HISTORY
FUTURE
DIRECTIONS
Development
&
transmission
of productive
skills
Research
institutes,
universities,
vocational
education &
training (VET),
indistyrial
incubators &
apprenticeships
Global ICT: Silicon
Valley, Bangalore,
Shenzhen, QUT’s
Kelvin Grove Urban
Village & Institute for
Creative Industries.
Traditional family
skills & crafts,
Guilds &
Apprenticeship
systems
Knowledge
based
industries. Web
& Wiki networks.
Work Integrated
Learning in
Universities &
Schools.
Prosperity:
What it Means for Community Planning
ATTRIBUTE CURRENT ROLES EXAMPLES
HISTORY
FUTURE
DIRECTIONS
Innovation
& invention
Inner city industrial
“swarms”- from
Birmingham’s
jewellery quarter to
heavy engineering
& now down to
knowledge
industry clusters.
Human capital
of “Creative
Class” in
evolving
“Knowledge
Nodes”
Research &
development in
communications,
materials, transport
& pharmaceutical
technologies .
.
Wired &
windowed
workshop
incubators in
Stanford, Calif.,
Austin, Tex.,
Cambridge (UK
& Mass.)
Prosperity:
What it Means for Community Planning
ATTRIBUTE
CURRENT
ROLES
EXAMPLES
HISTORY
FUTURE D
DIRECTIONS
Changes in
organization
and scale of
production
New industrial
cities of
China. Rust
belts in old
production
lines of West
& Japan.
Miniaturized
Global
networks
Creative hubs of
Shanghai ,
Shenzhen,
Silicon Valley,
Seattle, Ruhr etc
19th C
development of
mills & factories>
20th C mass
production of
“Fordism”> 21st C
micro clusters.
Flexible
individual
production,
assembly &
global
distribution
2. Value of Personal Liberty in
Community Planning
• Supports self expression, independence, creativity &
therefore productivity
• Forestalls massive mistakes of autocracy - “all power
corrupts; absolute power tends to corrupt absolutely” ( Acton,
1904)
19th Century Liberty:
Individual Choice
... Man everywhere and at all times, whoever he may be,
has preferred to act as he chose and not in the least as his
reason and advantage dictated… one’s own free unfettered
choice, one’s own caprice, however wild it may be, one’s
own fancy worked up, at times to frenzy, is that very most
advantageous advantage which we have overlooked, which
comes under no classification, and against which all systems
and all theories are continually being shattered to atoms”
(Fyodor Dostoevsky, 1871, Notes from the Underground)
A Vision of Liberty:
Hockney’s Diver
Songeur’s Dancer
20th Century: Freedom & Responsibility
(United Nations, Declaration of Human Rights, 1948)
Article 1:
“All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and
rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience
and should act towards one another in a spirit of
brotherhood”
Liberty: What it Means for
Community Planning
ATTRIBUTE
CURRENT ROLES
EXAMPLES
HISTORY
FUTURE
Choice &
Independ
ence
Voluntary
Associations
(Oregon & New
Zealand)
European
Commission & Court
of Human Rights
UK Human Rights
Act
Non Government
Organisations
(NGOs) & Fair
Trade
Worker
Management.
Housing Coops.
Urban farms
“Walking buses”.
Recycling
Centres.
Jabugai Dance
Troupe
Brisbane’s Creek
Catchment
Coordinating
Committees
Athenian
Democracy
Buddha’s
spiritual
detachment
Medieval May
days & festivals
UN Declaration
of Human
Rights, 1948
Devolution &
Decentralization.
New roles for coops;
Community power
sharing
UN Court of
Human Rights &
Citizenship
Liberty: What it Means for
Community Planning
ATTRIBUTE
Self
expression
CURRENT ROLES
EXAMPLES
Freedom of speech
& assembly; art &
craft festivals; spray
art;
Self expression in
homes & gardens;
Parks activities: Tai
Chi & neighbourhood
Yoga ;
Cultural& ethnic
fiestas
City Farms &
Gardens
Community
Ideas & Arts
festivals
Creative Nodes
of inner cities:
music, painting
& ICT
HISTORY
Body paint in
Terra Amata
shelters,
300,000 BP
Early Cave
paintings
Greek satires,
tragedies &
amphitheatres.
Sienna’s Palio
Pisa’s Ponte
FUTURE
Collaborative
community
planning
Relaxation of
small scale
planning
controls.
Open source
and access
networks.
Liberty: What it Means for
Community Planning
ATTRIBUTE
CURRENT
ROLES
EXAMPLES
HISTORY
FUTURE
Contribution
to truth &
progress
Freedom of
speech & public
debate.
Evidence-based
policy & use of
planning
indicators.
Scientific
evidence of global
warming.
European Court of
Human Rights.
Hague
International
Court of Justice
Records of
human rights
abuses on Web
and Twitter as
they happen.
Wikipedia,
wikimedia and
wikileaks.
Human Rights
Acts & Bills of
Rights in UK,
Victoria,
Australian
Capital Territory
& elsewhere
Socrates in
Athens.
15th C
introduction
of printing.
Scientific
discoveries of
Copernicus,
Gallileo,
Newton &
birth of
modern
science
More public
awareness of
policy issues .
Advance
planning for
climate change
& resource
conservation
of water, energy
& raw materials.
BUZZ PAIRS
Pairs in left hand half of class identify and explain a situastion
where Community Planning has exerted a significant influence
on prosperity, while the right hand half identifies and explains
a situation where there have been major impacts on personal
liberty
Social Justice as a Community Value
• Basic rights: “Life. Liberty & the pursuit of Happiness” ( US
Declaration of Independence, 1775)
• Right to life implies security and shelter
• Equity and self expression are also criteria of social justice
Social Justice in Practice 1:
Howard’s Garden
City & Social City
with implied rights to
social opportunity,
easy access. high
wages, no sweating,
good environment
and social
cooperation
Social Justice in Practice 2:
Queensland’s Community Renewal Project
 Community
Renewal
is
a
Queensland Government initiative,
delivered in partnership between
State and local governments,
business, residents and the
community sector to deliver
projects that improve people's lives
in
selected
Queensland
Communities.
 From community centres and youth
arts projects to traineeships and
family support services, the
program brings communities and
governments together to find new
solutions to local needs in areas of
social stress.
(1998-2010)
Social Justice: What it Means for Community Planning
CURRENT
EXAMPLES
HISTORY
FUTURE
Equity
Australia’s Economic
Stimulus $6bill Affordable
Housing investment .
$26 bill (Commonwealth)
National Broadband
Network.
(Queensland) Blueprint for
the Bush for equal
infrastructure provision.
Free State Schools, Higher
Education Commonwealth
Funded Places
Minimum wage rules &
unemployment pay.
Housing Trusts ,
Associations and
Companies. Brisbane
Housing Company,
Regional universities.
State support for
religious schools.
Public transport –
busways, metros and
active transport
networks of foot &
cycle paths
Alms houses &
Ashrams.
Garden Cities &
UK’s 1945 New
Towns Act.
National Health
Service in UK &
Aust’ s Medicare
& Family Benefits
Public support for
private and
community
initiatives.
Increasede
communty self
management in
work, play, housing
and environment
Equal access to
scarce resources
of clean air, water
& open space.
Stable &
Sustainable
Communities
Qld’s 18 Community
Renewal Programs
Australia’s Economic
Stimulus Package
Environmental Planning
Act s & Protection Policies
Govt. Guarantees for
Home loans.
Physical & Social
Infrastructure Plans &
Guidelines
Planning controls in
public arena.
Howard’s Garden
Cities; UK 1945
Town & Country
Planning Act.
Public Participation
& Communicative
Planning
Community spaces
Active Transport.
Collaborative
planning &
management of
work, housing &
environment.
SEQ Infrastructure Plan & Freight
Infrastructure Proposals
Funding Social Justice by promoting stable and sustainable communities
4. Sustainability in Community Planning
1. Promoting survival by conserving resources.
2. Preserving diverse resources, gene pools, species & social
models.
3. Avoiding disasters by adopting evidence–based policy
4. Establishing a stable cycle of human use of natural
resources
Cycle of Human Use of Natural Resources
Mind, Values & Ideas
Reclamation &
Restoration+
Energy
Sources
Natural
Environment &
Matter
Technological
Transformation
Bio-hostile Matter
Production Refuse
Waste
Polluted
Natural
Environment
Raw
Materials
Human Use
Food Sources:
Atmosphere,
sun, soil, water
Recycling*
Natural Ecological
Processes
* Recycling: water, metals, paper, glass, sewerage, animal waste
+ Reclamation: Mining spoil, chemicals. Plastics, concrete, bricks,
domestic refuse, derelict land
The Closing Circle
Transformed
Natural
Environment &
Matter
Summary:Sustainability in Community Planning
ATTRIBUTE
Conserve
essential
resources
CURRENT ROLES
EXAMPLES
HISTORY
FUTURE
Free wheeling
consumption &
emissions.
Privatization of
utilities.
Natural resource
dumps- in air, water
& on land.
Tentative
innovations:
+Regional
Resource Planning
+Water recycling
+Pollution controls
Agribusiness.
Recovery of USA’s
Lake Erie from death
by DDT.
Buy out of Cubby
Cotton Station
Water.
Establishment of
Ocean Reserves
such as the Great
Barrier Reef Marine
Park Authority.
Regional Plans &
Urban Growth
Boundaries;
Transition Towns.
Aboriginal
“Poison Lands” &
Totemic
protection.
Medieval
Europe’s 3 fields
fallowing system.
Traditional
garden perma
culture in Africa &
Pacific.
Native American
custodianship of
species: Buffalo,
Elk, wolves, etc
Reduced &
equalized personal
consumption.
Human, solar,
thermal, tidal &
wind energy
replacing fossil
fuel.
Limits to Growth.
Mass
miniaturization of
technology
Increased sharingof space, transport,
work, play,
information &
political power.
Summary:Sustainability in Community Planning
ATTRIBUTE
Harmony
between
people,
places and
times
CURRENT ROLES
EXAMPLES
HISTORY
FUTURE
“Development meeting
the needs of the
present generation,
without compromising
the ability of future
generations…” (Our
Common Future,
(United Nations,1987)
Environmental
stewarsdship.
Gift relations:
Kula circles of
Trobriand
islands;
Living on
interest, not
natural capital
(Hawkin &
Lovins, 2000).
Religious reciprocity:
Christ & St Francis:
“Do as you would be
done by”.
Reverence for life of
Lao Tze & Buddha.
Advocacy of Nature &
Romantic Poets:
Wordsworth, Kendall;
Environmental
Conservationists –
Carson , Suzuki &
Meadows.
7 “R”s:
1. Re-use,
2. Recycle
3. Rehabilitate
4. Reclaim
5. Reserve
6. Ration
7. Regulate
7 ‘Rs’ of Sustainability
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Re-use: batteries, cartridges, clothing
Recycle: demolition materials for building of homes and roads
Rehabilitate: subsidence areas and spoil tips for water sports
& ski slopes
Reclaim : “brownfield” sites for inner city housing and mixed
uses
Reserve: Refuge habitats in oceans, wetlands & highlands for
species recovery
Ration: road space; emission levels; access to central areas
Regulate: land uses, and settlement boundaries
Sustainability:
Conserving Essential Resources
SEQ 2009 Regional
Land Use Categories:
Regulate, Reserve & Reclaim
Transition Towns:
The 6 Principles of Planning for Transition
1. Information
Help People access good Information and trust them to make good
decisions
2. Inclusion and Openness
“Power is shifting from institutions that have always been run top‐down,
hoarding information at the top, telling us how to run our lives, to a new
paradigm of power that is democratically distributed and shared by us all”.
Trippi, J. (2004) The Revolution Will Not Be Televised.
3. Build Resilience
Develop communities’ capacities from local to national, to deal with shock,
including resilience in food, economics and energy, not centralising, but
making decisions at the most appropriate, practical and empowering levels,
reflecting the ability of natural systems to self organise.
Transition Towns:
The 6 Principles of Planning for Transition
4. Display the Dazzling Array of Transition Initiatives
Celebrate spontaneity &diversity, avoiding being prescriptive, supporting
emerging groups.
5. Subsidiarity
Self‐organisation and decision making at the appropriate level
Encouraging devolution of decisions to lowest feasible level
6. Character of Transition Network Ltd
“...the key characteristic of a living network is that it continually produces itself.
Autopoiesis, or ‘self‐making’, produces a network in which each component
participates in transforming others so that. … the network continually makes
itself. Fritjof Capra “The Web of Life”.
Transition Network Ltd.’s support for these initiatives
Established in Totnes in 2006 to:1, Inspire;2, Encourage; 3, Support; 4,
Enable Networking; 5. Train .
Transition Towns:
July-August 2010 Web Hits
Conclusions: Relations Between the 4
Major Community Planning Values
Inevitably, there is will be some conflict between the demands
and implications of these 4 values:
1. Some paths to prosperity may impinge on liberty,
justice & sustainability
2. Some interpretations of personal liberty may impact
on social justice
3. Some aspects of social justice may limit particular
paths to increased productivity
4. Some aspects of sustainability may constrain short
term aggregate productivity & prosperity
Conclusions:Positive Interactions
VALUE
CONTRIBUTIONS TO ACHIEVEMENT OF OTHER VALUES
Prosperity
Prosperity
Liberty
Stimulates
individual
creativity,
inventiveness &
exchange
Liberty
Social Justice
Supports personal
independence, self
expression and
educational
advance
Supports personal
Supports reflection
and mutual esteem
& sound judgment
and inter-dependence . Creates capacity
for conservation.
Promotes free
criticism &
participation; &
protects fair shares.
Sustainability
Promotes personal
responsibility &
self awareness.
Conclusion:
Positive Interactions
VALUE
CONTRIBUTIONS TO ACHIEVEMENT OF OTHER VALUES
Prosperity
Liberty
Social Justice
Generates social Safeguards
capital & capacity human rights
to contribute
and personal
initiative
Sustainability
Maintains
resources of
natural capital &
promotes long
term planning &
investment
Social Justice
Protects shared Safeguards fair
environment & shares, natural
cultural capital resources and
rights of future
generations
Sustainability
Constrains
conspicuous
consumption of
common goods for
short term profit.
• Comments
• Additions
• Questions?