Lesson 5
The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area
The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”
Sumerians
Sumerian Religion Polytheistic
Enki
Innana
Anthropomorphic
Gods
Cuneiform: “Wedge-Shaped”
Writing
Cuneiform Writing
Deciphering Cuneiform
Your Name
A View of The Nile by
Satellite
The Annual Flooding of the
Nile
Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf
Some Famous Egyptian
Pharaohs
Ramses II
Tutankhamen
1336-1327 B. C. E.
1279-1212 B. C. E.
King Tutankhamen's Death Mask
1336-1327 B. C. E.
The Valley of the Kings
Archaeologist, Howard Carter (1922)
Giza Pyramid Complex
Egyptian Math & Draftsmanship
1
10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
What number is this?
Hieroglyphic
“Cartouche”
Champollion & the Rosetta
Stone
Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”
24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols
Your Name
Egyptians were also
polytheistic
Osiris
Isis
Horus
Egyptian Mummies
Seti I
1291-1278 B. C. E.
Queen Tiye,
wife of
Amenhotep II
Ramses II
1279-1212 B. C. E.
Ankhenaton: First Monotheist?
1352-1336 B. C. E.
The Ankh – The “Cross” of Life
The Assyrian Empire
Assyrian Military Power
Assyrian
soldiers
carrying away
the enemy’s
gods.
Babylon under the Chaldeans
Alexander the Great & the
Hellenization of the Near East
Herod the Great’s Kingdom
Roman Palestine
The Spread of Christianity
The Jewish
Diaspora
Expansion of the Muslims
622-632 Under Muhammad
632-661 Under Patriarchal Caliphate
661-750 Under Umayyad Caliphate
The Golden Age of the Ottomans
The Ottoman Capital -- Constantinople
Ottoman Empire Split up
•
•
•
•
Ottoman Empire joined into World War I
On the German side
Germany lost
The allies chopped up the Empire into
smaller sections
The end of the Ottoman Empire
Recent History & conflicts
in the Middle East
Lesson #5
EVENTS in AFGANISTAN
1.Soviets invaded 1979
2.Soviets retreated 1989 in failure
what failed?
Soviets invade Afghanistan, 1979
1975 rebellion broke out
1978 modernization laws
1979 Rebellions flared – became violent
Afghan government requested military aid from Soviet Union
USSR invaded 1979
click
A mujahideen
fighters
Watch first one min
1. Who invaded Afghanistan?
2. How many Afghanis died?
3. Who supported the rebels?
Chaos broke out in coming
years Afghan
government
disintegrated
Soviets
provided only
stability
Resistance
fighters
appear
“Mujahedeen” forms to resist
Osama joins the fight
USA supplied weapons to rebels
Mujahadeen
started to win
Usāmah bin Lādin
Mujahedeen
Soviets retreat home, 1989
Stinger Missile – contributed to end for
Soviets leaving Afghanistan
Ten years went by
Soviets took a beating
Realized war was unwinnable
Soviets evacuated _______
We proudly “beat” Soviets
Taliban
government
But, 10 years of war, and Afghanistan was A MESS
We did not stay to help clean up
After soviets left, there was no government.
Taliban appeared and took over…
VERY strict society
developed
Al Qaeda
flourished
… and planned 9-11
Click: first 20 min, and 46-50
Impressions
How did Osama become to angry at the USA?
What will happen next?