Internal Migration
• Interregional (think directionally)
U.S. Historic Examples? (voluntary or forced)
U.S. Historic Trends
Internal Migration
• Intraregional migration
– Rural to urban
• Greatest migration in the world
• Why is rural to urban migration different for LDCs?
– Urban to suburban
– Counterurbanization
• Net migration from urban to rural areas
• Where is this phenomenon occurring?
http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2008/12/17/u-s-migration-flows/
• http://tipstrategies.com/blog/2011/10/newenglands-youth-pitch/
• http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2011/09/2
9/140934847/how-much-your-statespopulation-grew-or-shrank-in-the-past-decade
International Migration
International Migration
• International migration – the permanent move from
one country to another
• Emigration – moving from a location
• Immigration – moving to a location
– Push factors: those that lead people to move out
– Pull factors: those that lead people in
– Economic
– Cultural
– environmental
• Chain migration
• Step migration
• Intervening opportunity
• http://peoplemov.in/
• www.pewhispanic.org/files/reports/46.pdf
• http://www.nytimes.com/ref/world/2007062
2_CAPEVERDE_GRAPHIC.html#
Internally Displaced Person (IDP)
• internally displaced person (IDP): someone
who is forced to flee his or her home but who
remains within his or her country's borders.
• They are often referred to as refugees
(although they do not fall within the current
legal definition of a refugee)
• 2007: it was estimated there were 24.5 million
IDPs in some 52 countries.
Refugee
• A refugee is a person who has been pushed
away from his or her home and seeks refuge
elsewhere.
• The U.S. Committee for Refugees and
Immigrants gives the world total as
62,000,000 refugees.
What does a refugee camp look like?
• Sumgait – Azerbaijan
–
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=videos+showing+refugee+camps&mid=6F9400FBB57849E560A46F9400FBB57849E560A4&view=det
ail&FORM=VIRE1
What does a refugee camp look like?
• Kakuma – Kenya
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWW4ov-zr9Q&feature=related
Dadaab – largest refugee camp in the world
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SU0oj5L_FWQ
So, why are people forced to migrate and
become IDPs and refugees?
• Case Study: ethnic conflict (Rwanda 1990s)
• Ethnicity: a group of people whose members
identify with each other.
– Common heritage (ancestry), language, shared
religion, and traditions (housing, food, music)
– This is a cultural construct
– Construct identity and identifying against (it’s just
how we roll)
Rwanda:
http://www.wanderlustore.com/site_assets/www.wanderlustore.com/images/dynamic/map%20central%20africa.JPG
– Central Africa – Rwanda…concepts of ethnic
cleansing, refugees
• Hutus (85%): settled farmers in
Rwanda/Burundi – Great Lakes region and
Tutsis (15%): cattle herders migrated to region
from Rift Valley of Kenya 400 yrs. ago
• Rwanda/Burundi became German colony in
1899 and post-WWI gave colonial mandate to
Belgium
• Colonial times reinforced problems with
colonial leaders preventing Hutus from Univ.
and hold govt. positions – Hutus were totally
excluded and Tutsis held power
Rwanda
• Conflicts broke out before Rwandan independence in
1962 – Hutus killed Tutsis fearing continued Tutsi govt.
control
• Early 1990s – Rwandan Patriotic Front (Tutsi refugees),
led by Kagame wanted to overthrow Hutu president
• 1994 – plane carrying Rwanda/Burundi pres. Shot down
by RPF or Hutus not wanting to negotiate
• Hutu State radio, govt. soldiers, police, militias carried
out attacks and supported the general public as well
• RPF eventually takes Kigali and 2 million Hutus flee to
DRC
• Fighting in the Congo is responsible for up to 5 million
deaths.
Rwanda Links
• Rwanda
– Triumph of Evil
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/evil/
– Girl Refused To Die
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/rwa
nda/reports/refuse.html
– Ghosts of Rwanda
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ghos
ts/
Rwanda Links
• Rwanda Today – Rising From the Ashes
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CypUS7rN5g&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode
=1
• Rwanda Troops Pursue Hutu Rebels
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9yeLujRT8U&
safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
• Go to www.bbc.co.uk/ and search Rwanda.