SYLLABUS’ TBD
GOVERNMENT, POLITICAL
POWER, AND SOCIAL
MOVEMENTS
Text Book_Chapter 13
• What percentage of the world’s population
lives in countries that enjoy freedom in
political participation, freedom of
expression and belief, and access to
economic opportunity?
– (a) 35 percent
– (b) 45 percent
– (c) 55 percent
3
POINTS TO BE NOTED
Critical Class
Intellectual challenge
Not from text
Rely on slides
BASIC CONCEPTS
• Democracy
– A political system that allows the citizens
to participate in political decision making
or to elect representatives to government
bodies
• Participatory (direct) democracy
– A system of democracy in which members
of a group or community participate
collectively in making major decisions
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BASIC CONCEPTS
• Liberal democracy
– Systems of democracy based on
parliamentary institutions, coupled to the
free-market system in the area of
economic production
– The United States, Japan, most Western
European countries, Australia, and New
Zealand
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BASIC CONCEPTS
• Constitutional monarchies
– Kings or queens are largely figureheads
– Real power resets in the hands of other
political leaders
– The United Kingdom, Sweden, and Japan
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BASIC CONCEPTS
• Nation-state
– Particular types of states in which
governments have sovereign power within
defined territorial areas and populations
are citizens who know themselves to be
part of single nations
8
BASIC CONCEPTS
• Characteristics of the state
– Sovereignty
• The undisputed political rule of a state over a
given territorial area
• “Failed states” like Somalia or Sudan
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BASIC CONCEPTS
• Characteristics of the state
– Nationalism
• A set of beliefs and symbols expressing
identification with a national community
• Patriotism in the United States
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BASIC CONCEPTS
• Characteristics of the state
– Local nationalism
• The belief that communities that share a
cultural identity should have political
autonomy, even within smaller units of a
nation-state
• French-speaking Québec in Canada
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BASIC CONCEPTS
• Characteristics of the state
– Power
• The ability of individuals or the members of a
group to achieve aims or further the interests
they hold
– Authority
• A government’s legitimate use of power
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BASIC CONCEPTS
• Characteristics of the state
– Citizens
• Members of a political community, having both
rights and duties associated with that
membership
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WHO RULES?
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SURVEILLANCE
MICHEL FOUCAULT
Biography;
Method;
Theory of Governmentality
BIOGRAPHY AND FEW POINTS

1926-1984, France
 Prosperous Family- he resisted
bourgeois origin ..
 Education
 Initially studying Psyc, and later
Philosophy in Ecole Normale,
 1961, Doctoral Thesis
 Prof. College De France, history of
the system of thought
 “Poststructuralist”
MAJOR WRITINGS: BRIEFING
•Madness and Civilization, 1961
•The Birth of Clinic, 1963
•The Order of Things, 1966
•The Archeology of Knowledge, 1969
•Discipline and Punish, 1975
•The History of Sexuality, 1976
*My books have always been my personal problems
with madness, the prison, sexuality’ (1984t: 747–8).
CENTRAL POINTS
Ranged a number of Disciplines
Knowledge is historically situated
Each hist. age is characterized by particular
forms of knowledge.
“ Science and scientist are historically
situated, and there is no single truth..”(
1991)
 Episteme (Example- DP, MC)

Interest in questions, not in answer
METHOD
Archaeology
study of human activity in the past
Genealogy
Study of Family history
CONTD.
Archaeology
 The study of discourse
 Study type of Knowledge produced in certain periods
Genealogy
 Nietzsche influenced
 Task to decipher the hieroglyphic script of humans 'past
 Foucauldian genealogy debunks the assumption underlying
conventional historiography that there are ‘facts’ to be
interpreted; rather, facts are themselves constructed out of
the researcher’s “will to truth”
 It seeks to deconstruct what is previously regarded as
unified(contrast to Hegel and Marxist philosophies of
history)
THEORY OF GOVERNMETALITY
DISCIPLINE AND PUNISH
Spectacle of public
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSn4KKAxOZ0
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MvsGLVfMJU
DISCIPLINE AND PUNISH
About the Book
 Damien's the Regicide/Execution of the Damiens, 1757
 Body of the Condemned
Historical Contrast
 Change from regicide to prisoner’s Timetable(1837)
 A major shift in penal system between 1757 and 1837
 From the public spectacle of the body to the internalization of
punishment directed at the ‘soul’
It’s still manipulation of the
body, regulating the social
body through
SURVEILLANCE
SURVEILLANCE
PANOPTICON,FINGERPRINT
http://www.ohio.edu/webcam/
WE ARE WATCHED!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVTKHI5ovyc
(CONTD)
Panopticon
 Model penal institution from Bentham
 Central tower- person in charge can oversee what is..
 Metaphor
 Different Institutions like Schools, hospitals, prisons, etc
“our society is one not of spectacle, but of surveillance,
it is not that the beautiful totality of the individual is
amputated, repressed, altered by our social order, it is rather
that the individual is carefully fabricated in it, according to a
whole techniques forces and bodies”
DISCIPLINARY SOCIETY…
Imposition of rules over tortures
Why earlier form of punishment has been changed?
Humane/Civilized?
Old method of punishment simply become inefficient
 Imposing rules have advantages
 Can be taught and re-taught
 More efficient, sober, and rational
 Broader ramifications(You can not torture thousands..)
EXAMPLES
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0kiHy0kAzw&feature=relatedhtt
p://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0kiHy0kAzw&feature=related
Internet
CONCLUDING PART
Take Home Message
 Foucault deconstructed the history using archaeology and genealogy .
 We are constantly watched and judged
 Theory of governmentality is the practices and techniques by which
control is exercised over people
 His DP shows a historical process by which torture of
the prisoners is replaced by prison rules, or

From torture to rule-based control
PRIVACY IS A LUXURY GOOD?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcSlowAhvUk
NEXT CLASS
Globalization
Class evals for ten minutes