ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE II FINAL EXAM
REVIEW
UNIT 2: ENERGY
• Final Exam will be on Wednesday June 10, 2015
• The final exam is worth 20% of your final grade for the course
• Please bring a pen or pencil to the exam with you.
Absences:
 Excused absence- you will take it on the day you return
 Unexcused absence- you will receive a 0
*****During the exam, if your cell phone or any electronic device is
on your person, you will receive a 0!!!*****
Potable:
Water that is safe to drink
Water Use:
• Residential Use: mostly used for personal hygiene.
Not much used for drinking and cooking
• Industrial Use: power source, transport, coolant
• Agricultural Use: most of the water in the world is
used for irrigation
Surface water:
• water that is above ground
• Lakes, rivers, streams, runoff
Runoff:
• water that does
not get absorbed
into the ground
• Moves down a
slope
• Melting snow,
glaciers, rainfall
Groundwater:
• water that is below the
ground
• Water table- top of the
saturated layer of rocks
• Aquifers- porous watersaturated layer of
underground rock
• Zone of saturationaquifer- layer of
saturated layer of rock
• Zone of aerationwhere the water enters
• Zone of dischargewhere the water leaves
Overdraft
• when a body of water is drained faster than it is filled
• Causes:
• Saltwater intrusion- saltwater moves in to fresh
water making it unpotable
• Subsidence- bedrock weakens causing it to sink
Desalination:
• removing salt from water- expensive
• Distillation: saltwater is boiled, evaporates, leave
behind salt, water vapor is cooled and collected in
another container
• Reverse osmosis: saltwater is forced through a
filter that allows water molecules to pass but not
salt molecules
• Freezing- saltwater is frozen, separates a brine
slush from freshwater
Water Purification
• Sedimentation- passed through screens and put
into a settling tank
• Filtration- sand
• Aeration- exposed to oxygen, taste and smell
• Sterilization- heat or chemicals are used to kill
pathogens (bacteria)
Water Pollution
1. Sewage
• Water that contains organic waste from humans
and industry
• Toilet, sink, dishwasher washing machines
2. Factories
• Toxic chemicals
• Thermal pollution- from cooling down machines
• Increased temperature decreases oxygen levels
3. Agriculture
Runoff:
• Pesticides
• Fertilizers
• Human and animal waste
Inorganic Toxic Chemicals:
• Arsenic- runoff and agriculture
• Copper- plumbing
• Lead- old pluming, nervous system
• Mercury- liquid metal, factories, nervous system
• Biomagnification- the concentration increases
as it moves through the food chain
Toxic: dangerous to
living things
Oil Spills
• Effect on animals
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Hypothermia
Increased predation
Internal damage
Decreased production
Habitat destruction
• Methods to clean
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Booms and skimmers
Dispersants
Biological agents
Naturally broken down
• Exxon Valdez
• 1989, Prince William Sound, Alaska
• Deepwater Horizon
• 2010, Gulf of Mexico
• Explosion of Deepwater Horizon
GARBAGE
• Landfill: hole lined with
plastic, layer with soil and
garbage, topped with soil
and grass
• Dump: hole lined with
plastic, layer with soil and
garbage, stays exposed
• Compost: decaying organic
matter that can be used as
fertilizer
• Grass trimmings,
vegetable scraps, fruit,
leaves
• Recycle- treat or process
used or waste products to
be able to reuse
• Plastics, glass, paper
• “Garbage Island”- Pacific
Ocean