Imperialism & Progressivism
Arguments for Annexing the
Philippines
Economic Benefits
Military Benefits Markets for the U.S. Naval Bases
bases
landing areas
Hawaii
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Our "Duty" to teach others
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Economic Benefits
Military Benefits
Bases
Landing
Areas
Markets for the U.S.
• Buy American
•Arguments against
Annexation of Philippines
•Too expensive
•Cheap labor will compete with
U.S. wages
•Imperialism goes against
Freedom
•
Coming of War
I. The Maine blew up in
Havana, Cuba.
II. Rebels were fighting for
independence.
• Rebels….
III. Sugar, railroads,
plantations
• Valuable Resources
Yellow Journalism : may be true,
maybe not.. But let’s sell papers
• IV. U.S. stays neutral.
• V. Hearst & Pulitzer want to sell
papers
Brutal
• VI. Violence
: burning
plantations, destroy RR……Reconcentration Camps,
thousands die of starvation &
disease.
Stay Neutral
So…….
• VII. President McKinley
wanted to be neutral.
• Cuba wanted full independence
II. Spanish – American War
• I.
Navy blockaded Cuba +
20,000 troops
• II. U.S. took Manila,
Philippines , but hostility
grows between rebels & U.S.
• III. Many Americans die
from disease.
• IV. 17,000 soldiers land in
Cuba + the Rough Riders
come to save the day
Rough Riders
Cowboys, Miners,
Polo players,
law officers &
Teddy
V. Rough Riders & Army
defeated the Spanish in 2 battles
• These victories panicked the
Spanish commander in Santiago,
who ordered all Spanish fleet to
leave, as the ships leave American
warships attack, sinking every
ship.
The Spanish surrender
• . Americans occupy Puerto Rico.
August 12, 1898,
Spain & U.S. cease- fire
After the fighting
• I. U.S. Annexed Guam &
Puerto Rico
• II. What about the
Philippines??
• Advantages & Disadvantages
III. Treaty of Paris
Dec. 10, 1898
• Cuba becomes independent.
• U.S. gets Puerto Rico & Guam
• U.S. Pays $20 million to annex
Philippines
•
IV. U.S. becomes an imperial
power
V. Philippine Resistance
• U.S. troops are attacked.
• Fight the Guerrillas,
concentration camps, to
separate the guerrillas from
supportive people
• 1,000’s die
VI. William Howard Taft
• 1st Governor of the Islands
• Reform, railroads, telegraphs,
schools, health care
Fat Man in the Bathtub
• Decreases hostility/ Dollar
Diplomacy
• In 1946 total More independence
VII. Puerto Rico
• Citizens in 1917
VIII. Platt Amendment
• New conditions for Cuban
independence, designed by
McKinley
• Cuba could not make treaties with
other nations that would weaken its
independence.
• No foreign power could get
territory in Cuba.
• U.S. must be able to lease naval
stations.
• Debt must stay low to avoid danger
take -overs.
• U.S. has right to intervene to
protect them
Cuba becomes a Protectorate of
the U.S.
Policeman of the world?
What countries today are
considered a world power?
Ways that TR Helped Make U.S.
a World Power
• 1. Supported Open Door Policy
in China
2. Great White Fleet
around the world
3. Built the Panama Canal
Saved money
& Time for U.S.
merchants
4. Declared the Roosevelt
Corollary
TR’s Rise to Power
• McKinley’s Vice President, useless
job, control him
• McKinley is assassinated.
• TR is youngest President & in
power !!! Look Out….
U.S. Diplomacy in Asia
• By 1899, bases across the Pacific
• Exports to China had quadrupled
• Sphere of Influence = a foreign
nation controlled economic
development like mining &
railroads
Open Door Policy
• U.S. Says that all nations would
be allowed to trade with China.
• Boxer Rebellion – to rid the
foreign control,
• Crushed…………….
Great White Fleet
• Sent 16 battleships around the
world to demonstrate military
power
Caribbean Power
• Speak softly & carry a big stick
• Bought the Panama Canal Zone
• Exclusive
Progressive Movement
• 1. Religion
• 2. Press
• 3. Radical Groups
Religion
• Social Gospel= Churches help
the poor & underpaid workers
Other Religious Groups
• YWCA, YMCA
• Salvation Army
• Settlement Houses
• Federal Council of Churches=
• Living wage, 6 day workweek, child
labor & sweatshops abolished
Press
• Muckrakers= exposed social
wrongs
• Upton Sinclair = The Jungle
Radical Groups
• Socialist = eliminate private
ownership of the means of
production.
• Government becomes more
responsive to the public
State Reform
• Robert LaFollette = governor of
Wisconsin – reform govt.
• Use council – manager form of
government, honest men to city
jobs, trained for the work
Reform
• Regulate rates of railroad commissions
• 17th Amendment = popular election of
senators
• By 1914, some state laws of child
employment, workers compensation
• By 1916, Direct primary to elect
candidates
Teddy Roosevelt
Rough Riders
• Teddy & Friends
Teddy Roosevelt
•
•
•
•
Well Educated, Harvard
World Traveler
Explorer
Soldier, charging up San Juan Hill
Political Career
•
•
•
•
Secretary of the Navy
Governor of New York
Vice President
President , elected in 1904, by the
largest margin of victory up to that
time
TR & McKinley
6 of TR’s Achievements
• Increased Federal Power
• Mediated a Coal strike
• Regulated Trusts
• Regulated Transportation
• Protected Public Health
Conserved Natural Resources
•
•
•
•
•
Withdrew 1.5 million acres of land
Established 50 wildlife sanctuaries
5 national parks
18 National monuments
Newlands Reclamation Act
New Nationalism
• TR’s idea that the Government
would use it’s power for the
welfare of the people.
Bully Good Work
• "Speak softly and carry a big
stick; you will go far"
Square Deal
• "Let the watchwords of all our people be the
old familiar watchwords of honesty,
decency, fair-dealing, and commonsense."...
"We must treat each man on his worth and
merits as a man. We must see that each is
given a square deal, because he is entitled to
no more and should receive no less.""The
welfare of each of us is dependent
fundamentally upon the welfare of all of
us."
New York State Fair, Syracuse, September 7, 1903
42 = youngest President
• Orator
• Loved the Job
TR at the White House
• A big presence
The Roosevelt Family
Conservationist
• Progressive
TR goes on Safari
• The First Bull Elephant
William Howard Taft
Chosen By TR
• Cautious, legalistic
• Conservative
Governor General of the Philippines as secretary of war,
Taft
• Believed in Compromise
• Could not handle members in his own
party
• Signed Payne-Aldrich tariff Act amid
public outcry
• Returned govt. land for sale
And………..
• Fired Pinchot ( TR’s
conservationist who supervised the
national forest)
• Supported Joseph Cannon in
House
• Continued to Split the Republican
Party
Can a Champion Come Back?
• Unhappy with Taft, TR ponders the Q.
So TR Returns to Save the Day
With the
Bull
Moose
Party
rd
3
•
•
•
•
Party= spoiler
Divided the votes
Progressive Republicans vote for TR
Conservative Republicans vote for Taft
Woodrow Wilson wins the majority of
Electoral votes & the Presidency.
Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson
• progressive reform and asserted
international leadership
• 1913 – 1921
• Democrat
President of Princeton
• Intelligent
• Governor of New Jersey
New Freedom
Attacked the Triple Wall of
Privilege =
• High Tariff
• High Finance
• Trust Interest
Believed in Strong Executive
• Break up Trusts!
st
1
President to
• Earn a PHD
• Have regular press conferences
• Let sheep graze on the White House Lawn
To support the Red Cross during
WWI
Federal Reserve Act
The passage of the Federal Reserve Act
provided the Nation with the more elastic
money supply it badly needed.
Other Actions =
• Lower tariff, the Underwood Act;
attached to the measure was a
graduated Federal income tax.
• In 1914 antitrust legislation
established a Federal Trade
Commission to prohibit unfair
business practices.
And More Action =
• Prohibited child labor
• Limited railroad workers to an
eight-hour day.
• Neutrality in WWI!!!
He kept us out of War!
• Isolationist Ideas
• Re - Elected
On April 2,1917, he asked Congress
for a declaration of war on Germany.
• House passes war resolution , 373 to 50
--the Fourteen Points,
• The Final Point is Big!!
Versailles Treaty
• containing the Covenant of the League of
Nations, and asked, "Dare we reject it and
break the heart of the world?"
Versailles Treaty failed in the Senate
• By seven votes
A national tour to mobilize
Public sentiment for the treaty. Exhausted, he
suffered a stroke and nearly died. Tenderly
nursed by his second wife, Edith Bolling
Galt, he lived until 1924.
Presidents have to maneuver
“Carefully
on politically hot issues,
and women's suffrage was no
exception. The movement had been
growing for decades. Despite a
history of hostility to their cause,
Wilson soon saw the political
handwriting on the wall.
Gradually, he began modifying
his position. But only a world war
would bring the president fully
behind efforts to secure a federal
amendment for women's suffrage.”
Susan B. Anthony, L. Mott
Women’s Suffrage
• Protesting outside the White House
The Senate rejected women's
suffrage
• by two votes. The PBS - American
Experience: Woodrow Wilson | Wilson- A
PortraitNineteenth Amendment would have
to wait until 1920, after the war was already
won.
•
1920
• On August 26, the 19th constitutional
amendment is adopted when
Tennessee ratifies it, granting full woman
suffrage in all states of the United
States.
Harry Burn, 24 yrs.
• One young legislator, had voted with the antisuffrage forces to that time. But his mother had
urged that he vote for the amendment and for
suffrage. When he saw that the vote was very
close, and with his anti-suffrage vote would be
tied 48 to 48, he decided to vote as his mother had
urged him: for the right of women to vote. And so
on August 18, 1920, Tennessee became the 36th
and deciding state to ratify.
Harry Burns???
Listen to the Mother
• Alice Paul celebrates