BELLWORK
• Look at the map on page 131 and answer the following
questions about Westward expansion:
• When was Tennessee settled? Iowa?
• Why do YOU think Westward expansion was so
appealing? In other words, why would people want to
relocate to the Western U.S.?
• Make a prediction What problems do you think
settlers will encounter on their quest for Western land
• THINKER: Do you think population growth is a big
problem in our society today? EXPLAIN! How can a
growing population impact the a country? (EX:
environment, jobs, economy, government, etc).
America’s Growing Population
• In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the 13
states.
• By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24
states.
• Average American woman had five
children.
• Half of America’s population was under 17.
• Many people felt that in order to achieve
success within a huge population they
would have to move West.
Migrating West of the Appalachians
Manifest Destiny
• “From sea to
shining sea”
• Belief that the
United States was
destined to expand
across the North
American continent.
• Used to justify war
with Mexico and
taking over Native
American land.
The Louisiana Purchase
• In 1803, President Jefferson sent James Monroe to
buy all of the Louisiana Territory from France for $15
million.
• This nearly doubled the size of the U.S.
• Next, President Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and
William Clark to lead explorations of the new territory.
• Lewis and Clark traveled all the way to the Pacific
Ocean, while creating the first completed map of the
U.S.
• Their detailed reports and maps sparked the interest
of Americans and caused thousands of families to
move West.
Manifest Destiny
• Florida: Ceded (given) to the United
States as a part of the Adams - Onis Treaty
in 1819
• Oregon (1846)- Russia, France, Britain
and the United States all had claims in the
area.
• The U.S. negotiated with the countries and
established the boundary at 42-north
latitude.
Manifest Destiny
• Texas - American settlers had come to
Texas and built plantations and farms.
1. Settlers asked Mexico for permission
to establish their own independent
state.
2. Mexicans refused
3. Texas declared herself independent
4. 1845 Texas was annexed by the United
States and became the 28th state.
Manifest Destiny
• Mexican Cession (1848) - Tensions
between America and Mexico were high.
• Congress declared war and the US
demolished the weaker Mexican army.
(Mexican-American War)
• The treaty that ended the war gave the
US California, Nevada, Arizona, and
New Mexico
Manifest Destiny
• Gadsden Purchase (1853)– US purchased
Southern Arizona and New Mexico to build
the railroad
Manifest Destiny
• Do you think the Americans accomplished
their goal of Manifest Destiny? Why or why
not?
• Did the U.S. have the right to declare war on
Mexico in order to obtain land?
• What purchase/gain of land do you think was
the most valuable?
• As Americans move west, who’s land are they
really taking over?
Conflict with Native Americans
• Settlers’ views of land and resources
contradicted with Native American traditions.
• Both groups felt they had fair claim to the
Western region and Great Plains because they
held numerous resources.
• When the U.S. Government did not do anything
to stop this conflict, Native Americans in Ohio
formed a confederation to halt white settlement.
• Eventually, the Ohio Confederation lost their
battle and were forced to give up much of their
land.
The Shawnee and Cherokee Solution
• Shawnee Solution: urged the Shawnee to stop eating,
drinking, & fighting like the Whites.
• Later, this became a political message of Native
American pride, power, and unity.
• Cherokee Solution: Try to live in peace with the
Whites.
• The Cherokee built roads, collected taxes, adopted
Christianity, and created their own legal code.
• Both of these solutions attracted other N.A., but
eventually, white settlers took over and forced them
onto reservations, federal lands set aside for their
inhabitance.
Native American Removal
• When President Jackson came to power
in 1824 he authorized the largest Native
American removal in history.
• Trail of Tears: forcible relocation of
Indians from the eastern U.S. to
Oklahoma.
• On the way, 4,000 of the 15,000 Indians
died of diseases and starvation.
Population
east of the
Mississippi
before
removal
treaty
Removal
treaty
(year
signed)
Years of major
emigration
Choctaw
19,554
Dancing
Rabbit Creek
(1830)
1831–1836
Creek
22,700
Cusseta
(1832)
Chickasaw
4,914
Nation
Total
number
emigrated
or forcibly
removed
Deaths during
removal
12,500
2,000–4,000+
(Cholera)
1834–1837
19,600
3,500 (disease
after removal)
Pontotoc
Creek (1832)
1837–1847
over 4,000
500–800
Cherokee
New Echota
(1835)
1836–1838
20,000
2,000–8,000
Seminole
Payne's
Landing
(1832)
1832–1842
2,833
21,500
5,000
CLOSURE
• What was the Louisiana Purchase? Why
was it beneficial to the U.S.?
• Who were Lewis and Clark?
• What was the U.S.-Mexican War?
• What was the Ohio Confederation?
• What was the difference between the
Shawnee and Cherokee solutions?
Horrible Histories: The
Century
th
19
• We are going to read a chapter from the
book “Horrible Histories”
• This is a cartoon-portrayal of Westward
Expansion and Native American
removal.
• There are 15 questions at the end that
you will answer on your OWN SHEET
OF PAPER!
HOMEWORK Make-up
• For the rest of the period, you are going to read about
the court case Worcester v. Georgia.
• This case was a turning point for Native Americans as
the Cherokee Tribe was kicked off their land by
President Jackson.
• Read pages 136-139 and answer the questions:
1. Why do you think President Jackson favored
Cherokee removal? Do you agree with this? Explain!
2. What was the outcome of the court case? Why did
this change?
3. If the Cherokee had defended their land, what would
they have risked?