XenEnterprise
Presented by WS Liu
(Nov 8th,2006)
Scheme
－
－
－
－
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Introduction to Xen and XenEnterprise
Install XenEnterprise
Administrator Console
Create Xen Virtual Machine
Operate Xen Virtual Machine /
XenEnterprise Server
－ Q&A
Introduction to Xen and XenEnterprise
Xen and XenEnterprise history
 The XEN VMM(virtual machine monitor) is an opensource project that is being developed in the
computer laboratory of the University of Cambridge,
UK. It enables us to create many virtual machines,
each of which runs an instance of an operating
system.
 In August 2005, XenSource, a commercial company
that develops virtualization solutions based on Xen,
announced in Intel Developer Forum (IDF) that it has
used Intel VT-Enabled Platforms with Xen to
virtualize both Linux and Microsoft Windows XP SP2.
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Introduction to Xen and XenEnterprise
Xen and XenEnterprise history
 In August 2006, XenSource release XenEnterprise.
Industry leading open source hypervisor virtualization technology.
The Xen 3 hypervisor has the features and performance for
production environments. Supports Intel VT, AMD Virtualization,
32-way SMP, PAE, and 64 bit addressing.
XenEnterprise™, the first commercially packaged and
supported Xen solution, enables you to easily get Xen-based
virtualization up and running.
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Introduction to Xen and XenEnterprise
Red Hat, Novell Spar Over Xen's Readiness
Red Hat insists Xen still isn't ready for prime time, which may push back the
release of its Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 5 platform until early 2007.
Novell recently disputed Red Hat's contention that Xen isn't ready for prime
time. The Waltham, Mass., software vendor, which rolled out its Xen-enabled
SUSE Linux Enterprise 10 platform three weeks ago, claims that Red Hat is
maligning the state of Xen and is trying to cripple its efforts on the virtualization
front.
Reference news links:
http://www.zdnet.com.au/news/software/soa/Xen_leads_Novell_s_turnaround_effort_in_Linux/0,13006173
3,139263689,00.htm
http://www.zdnet.com.au/news/software/soa/Xen_not_ready_for_prime_time_says_Red_Hat/0,130061733,
139265136,00.htm
http://www.infoworld.com/article/06/08/07/32OPopenent_1.html
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Introduction to Xen and XenEnterprise
Types of Monitor.
 Monitor runs on a higher privilege level than the
guest OS.
 Sensitive/Privileged instructions. (Ex: MOV)
 Classified by the amount of guest OS instructions
that are executed by monitor or by the real hardware.
 CSIM (Complete software Interpreter machine),
Hybrid VM (HVM) and VMM.
 VMM : Requires that “Statistically dominant subset of
the virtual processor instructions be executed on the
real processor” . (Type 1 and Type 2)
 Xen –Type 1 VMM.
 VMWare GSX Server –Type 2 VMM.
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Introduction to Xen and XenEnterprise
Type 1 and Type 2 VMMs
Guest
Process
Guest
Process
Guest Operating System
Virtual Machine Monitor
Hardware
Guest
Process
Guest
Process
Guest Operating System
Virtual Machine Monitor
Host Operating System
Hardware
Type I VMM
Type II VMM
 Runs directly on
hardware
 Good performance
 Uses existing host OS
abstractions to
implement services
 Poor performance
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Introduction to Xen and XenEnterprise
Full Virtualization and Para Virtualization
Full Virtualization:
 No modification required for the guest OS
(VMWare’s ESXServer).
 Drawbacks : (especially on x86)
1. Sensitive Instructions fail without traps.
2. Need dynamic rewrite of OS kernel.
3. Shadow system structures (performance issue to
sync virtual and shadow structures).
4. Guest OS may need both virtual and real
resources. (Time: TCP timeouts and RTT,
Machine address for super pages etc).
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Introduction to Xen and XenEnterprise
Full Virtualization and Para Virtualization
Para Virtualization:
 Exposed hardware is similar but not
identical to the real machine.
 ABI not changed. (Guest apps run
without changes).
 High performance.
 Drawback
 OS modifications is required.
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Introduction to Xen and XenEnterprise
Architecture of Xen
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Introduction to Xen and XenEnterprise
Xen – CPU
 Xen Hypervisor runs in ring 0.
 Guest OS runs in a lower privilege level (ring 1). Privileged
and sensitive instructions are paravirtualized by requiring
them to be validated and executed by hypervisor.
 Guest OS protects itself from it’s other processes by running
in a separate address space (and separate privilege level).
 Trap/Exception handlers are registered with Xen for validation.
(Xen checks that the code segment of the handlers will not
run in ring 0).
 Fast Exception handlers for system calls.
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Introduction to Xen and XenEnterprise
Xen – Memory Management
 Initial Memory allocation:
1. Static Allocation for each domain.
2. Dynamic expansion/contraction possible.
 Virtualizing memory is Complicated in x86:
1. x86-MMU handles TLB misses by searching through the
page table in the hardware. (No Soft TLB support).
2. TLB flush on context switches. (No tagged TLB support).
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Introduction to Xen and XenEnterprise
Xen – Memory Management
 Virtual address translation:
 Page Tables: Allocated and managed by guest OSes but
restricted to read only access. Updates validated and applied
by Xen. (via hypercalls)
 Xen: Associates a type and reference count with each
machine page frame. (PD, PT, LDT, GDT, RW).
 Xen exists in the 64 MB section on top of every address
space (TLB flush prevented when entering/leaving Xen
Hypervisor).
 Page fault Handling: (CR2 register) : Pre determined location.
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Introduction to Xen and XenEnterprise
Control /Data / Timers
 Hypercalls : synchronous calls from domain to
Hypervisor. Domains do privileged operations via
hypercalls.
 Events: asynchronous notifications delivered via
events from Xen to domains. (For delivering h/w
interrupts).
 Data transfer through Descriptor rings. (Producer –
Consumer).
 Time and Timers: Real, Virtual and wall-clock.
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Introduction to Xen and XenEnterprise
Xen - Network
 Xen provides a Virtual Firewall-router (VFR).
 Each domain has one or more VIFs (virtual
Interfaces) attached logically to VFR.
 VFR has rules of the form <pattern><action>.
 Two I/O buffer descriptor rings. (Transmit and
Receive).
 Trans: Domain updates the transmit descriptor ring.
Xen copies the descriptor and the packet header.
Header is inspected by VFR. Payload is not copied
(Scatter-gather). Pages are pinned till completion.
 Recv: Xen multiplexes/firewalls using VFR and
avoids copy by page flipping.
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Introduction to Xen and XenEnterprise
Control and Management
 Management software runs on a special guest OS
(domain 0).
 List of parameters to manage include access control
(for i/o devices), amount of physical memory per
domain, VFR rules etc.
 Mgmt software uses control interfaces provided by
Xen.
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Install XenEnterprise
Before install
This version of XenEnterprise does not support all of the
features available in open source Xen:
 Only paravirtualized operating systems are supported. No
support is provided yet for running Windows on VT or
AMD-V hardware.
 No support is provided yet for hosting 64-bit Xen VMs.
 Xen supports 32-bit processors with and without Physical
Address Extension (PAE), 64-bit processors, and
Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) guest operating
systems.
 If your system have loopback or modem connect to com
port,you need to remove it before install!!
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Install XenEnterprise
System requirement
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Install XenEnterprise
Step 0.1
 Go XenEnterprise official web page
http://www.xensource.com/products/xen_enterprise/
click on download a 30 day trial and fill out and
submit the form
 http://www.xensource.com/products/xen_enterprise/e
val_request.html
Step 0.2
 After register complete, you will get a mail from
trials@xensource.com that contain trial download
page link and your 30 day trial license key.
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Install XenEnterprise
Step 1
 Boot from XenEnterprise trial cd.
 Select Install XenEnterprise Server and choose OK to proceed.
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Install XenEnterprise
Step 2
 The next screen displays a message telling you that the
setup program will install XenEnterprise on the computer,
and warns that it will overwrite data on any hard drives
that you select to use for the installation.
 Choose OK to proceed.
 If you have multiple local hard disks, you are asked to
choose the Primary Disk for the installation. If you have
multiple disks, after selecting the primary one, you are
also prompted to choose if you want any of the other
drives to be formatted for use by XenEnterprise for
XenVM storage. (If the computer has a single hard disk,
there is nothing to choose here.)
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Install XenEnterprise
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Step 3.1
Install XenEnterprise
 Accept EULA.
Step 3.2
 The next screen asks you to
choose the type of keymap for
the keyboard you are using
(the default is QWERTY).
Select the desired keymap and
choose OK to proceed.
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Install XenEnterprise
Step 4
 The next screen asks you to choose the type of keyboard
you are using (the default is US). Select the desired
keyboard type and choose OK to proceed.
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Install XenEnterprise
Step 5
 The next screen asks you to specify the source of the
installation packages. If you are installing off the CD, you
will most likely want to select Local XenSource media. If
you are installing via PXE you will most likely want to
select HTTP or FTP or NFS, as appropriate. Make your
selection and choose OK to proceed.
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Install XenEnterprise
Step 6
 The next screen asks you if you want to verify the
integrity of the installation media.Choose skip
verification to proceed.
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Install XenEnterprise
Step 7
 You are next prompted to set a root password. (This will
be the password that the Administrator Console
application will use to connect to the XenEnterprise
Server.) Type the desired password and type it again to
verify it.
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Install XenEnterprise
Step 8
 You are prompted to select the general geographical area
and specific locale for Time Zone. Choose from the
displayed list of geographical areas, specific locale then
choose OK to proceed.
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Step 9
Install XenEnterprise
 You are prompted to choose a method of setting the
System Time. You can select Using NTP or Manual time
entry.
Warning
 Currently XenEnterprise assumes that the time setting for the
server’s BIOS is the current time in UTC, and that the time for the
XenVMs reflects the local time based on the time zone offset
specified.
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Install XenEnterprise
Step 10
 You are prompted to set up Networking. You can select to
configure all interfaces with DHCP, or specify a different
network configuration, which prompts you to set up
networking by selecting the NIC or NICs that are present
and configuring their properties manually.
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Install XenEnterprise
Step 11
 You are next prompted to specify the configuration for the name
service.If you select Specify Hostname manually, enter the desired
hostname for the server in the field below.If you select Enter DNS
server manually, enter the IP addresses of your primary (required),
secondary (optional), and tertiary (optional) Name servers in the
fields below.Otherwise, select OK to get a hostname and/or name
service configuration via DHCP.
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Install XenEnterprise
Step 12
 A message is displayed that the installation is ready to proceed and
that this will format the selected disks and destroy any data that is
currently on them. Select OK to proceed.
 A progress bar is displayed as the installation commences.
 If you chose to set the system date and time manually, a dialog box
appears when the progress bar has reached about 90%. Enter the
correct numbers in the fields and select OK to proceed.
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Install XenEnterprise
Step 13
 When finished, a completion message is displayed. Select OK to
reboot system. Upon reaching the login prompt, the system should
now be ready to manage via the Administrator Console.You will
need the IP address or hostname of the XenEnterprise Server. This is
displayed at the login prompt.
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Administrator Console
Installing the Administrator Console
 The Administrator Console is a Java application that can be
installed and run on Windows 2000/2003/XP or Linux computers.
The installer packages for each platform include the Java Runtime
Environment (JRE).
Note
 The Administrator Console uses its own private copy of the JRE,
even if one is present on the machine you install it on. The installer
does not overwrite any Java system variables like JAVA_HOME or
CLASSPATH that may already be set.
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Administrator Console
To install the Administrator Console on a Windows computer:
1. Before installing the Administrator Console, be sure to uninstall the
previous version if one exists.
2. Put the CD in the drive.
3. Browse to the /client_install directory on the CD and find the file
named xenenterprise_client.exe.
4. Double-click on the file’s icon to launch the application installer.
Follow the instructions displayed in the installer window. When
prompted for installation directory, either click Browse to change the
default installation location, or click Next to accept the default path
C:\Program Files\XenSource.
5. When complete, there will be a XenSource group on the All Programs
list.
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Administrator Console
To install the Administrator Console on a Linux computer:
1. Before installing the Administrator Console, be sure to uninstall
the previous version if one exists.
2. Put the CD in the drive.
3. Change directory to the /client_install directory on the CD and find
the three RPMs named
4. Install the following three RPMs: rpm -ivh *.rpm
 xenenterprise-client-3.0.0-6140.6140.i386.rpm (this package
contains the XenSource jar files)
 xenenterprise-client-jars-3.0.0-6140.6140.i386.rpm (this package
contains third-party jar files used by the product)
 xenenterprise-client-jre-3.0.0-6140.6140.i386.rpm (this package
contains the JRE files).
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Administrator Console
Logging in to Administrator Console for the first time
 When you launch the Administrator Console for the first time, a dialog
box appears, prompting you to read and accept the End User License
Agreement. Click OK to accept the agreement.
 Next, you are prompted to enter a Master Password.
 The Master Password is the password for a local database of encrypted
XenEnterprise Servers and XenVMs passwords that this Administrator
Console manages. This prevents unauthorized users from gaining
access to the XenEnterprise network that you deploy. It also enables
you to restore the previous session by providing this single password.
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Master Password dialog box
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Administrator Console




Type the desired master password and type it again to confirm it, then
click OK.
Next, a dialog box appears, prompting for a XenEnterprise Server to
connect to.
Enter the XenEnterprise Server IP address or hostname and its password.
Click the Remember Me checkbox if you want the XenEnterprise Server
information cached locally. Click OK.
Next, the bottom part of the Administrator Console displays the License
Key task tab. You need to provide a valid License Key to be able to use the
XenEnterprise Server you have connected to. The license key is provided
by XenSource as a file.
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Administrator Console
To enter the License key
1. Click the . . . button on the License Key dialog box to browse the file
system and locate the license key file.
2. Click Apply License. The License Key tab closes and the
XenEnterprise Server becomes manageable from the Administrator
Console.
3. After License applied , your XenEnterprise server is ready for operate.
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Administrator Console
User interface elements
The upper pane
In the upper pane, the following information is displayed for the XenEnterprise Servers and
XenVMs when they have been installed:






The name of each XenEnterprise Server and XenVM
The Status (On, Off, Paused, Installing, Initializing, Stopping) of each Machine
CPU Usage meter that displays the current CPU usage (for the XenEnterprise Server) or
virtual CPU usage (for a XenVM), and number of CPUs
Used Memory percentage meter
Disk KB/s showing the disk I/O rate in KB per second and the number of disks (for the
XenEnterprise Server) or virtual disks (for a XenVM)
Network KB/s showing the network I/O rate in KB per second
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Administrator Console
Lower pane: Overview tab

The Overview tab shows the attributes and current configuration of the XenEnterprise
Server or XenVM. You can change Xen VMs setting here when Xen VMs are shutdown.
Lower pane: Graphical Console tab
The Graphical Console tab shows a graphical X-window desktop (using a VNC client) for the
XenVM (if it is On, and if it is running a VNC server; otherwise, an error message will
be displayed).
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Administrator Console
Lower pane: Text Console tab

The Text Console tab shows text console output of the XenEnterprise Server or XenVM
(if it is On).
Lower pane: Performance tab
The Performance tab displays graphs of CPU usage, memory usage, disk rate, and network
rate for the selected XenEnterprise Server or XenVM.
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Administrator Console
Lower pane: History tab

The History tab displays information about the tasks that have been performed on the
XenEnterprise Server or XenVM, and error messages, if any.
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Create Xen Virtual Machine
Current version of XenEnterprise support four methods to install Xen VMs
1.
Using a XenSource Guest Template (XGT) file
2.
Installing from vendor media on a network installation server directly onto a XenVM
3.
Performing a physical to virtual (P2V) conversion on an existing physical Linux server
4.
Cloning an existing XenVM


Note
When installing XenVMs, be sure to follow the memory and disk space guidelines of the
operating system and any relevant applications that you want to run when allocating
resources such as memory and disk space.
Installing a Xen VM using XGT Templates
1.
2.
Select a XenEnterprise Server in the list pane, then select Install XenVM from the
toolbar or menu.The tabbed area displays the Install XenVM dialog box.
Click on the pulldown list to select Debian Sarge Guest Template.
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Create Xen Virtual Machine
3.
Provide:




4.
a name for the XenVM (this field is required)
a description for the XenVM (this field is optional)
the number of virtual CPUs you want the XenVM to have (the default is 1)
the Initial Memory in MB (the default is 256 MB; minimum is 64 MB). This will be the
memory used by the XenVM when it is started.
Check the Start on XenEnterprise Server Boot checkbox if desired. When this is
checked, the XenVM will automatically be restarted after a reboot of the XenEnterprise
Server. Otherwise, it will be need to be restarted manually.
5.
Provide optional Boot Parameters, if desired. These are standard Linux boot parameters.
For multiple parameters, separate them in the field with a space. A list of values for a
single argument should be separated with commas between the values, without any
spaces.
For example, you might want to specify a kickstart file:
>ksdevice=eth0 ks=nfs:myserver.mydomain.com:/tftpboot/kickstart/ks_rhel41dev.cfg
6.
On the right side, the default Virtual Disks corresponding to the configuration of this
template is displayed. Click the + button (a plus sign icon) just below to add a virtual
disk to the XenVM.
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Create Xen Virtual Machine
7.
Similarly, Network Interfaces appear below the Virtual Disks.
This section contain Name, IP Address, Mac Address and Network. A MAC address is
auto-assigned by XenEnterprise using the OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) 0016-3E, allocated to XenSource, Inc.
The fourth field is the virtual network switch on the XenEnterprise Server that the virtual
NIC is attached to.By default this is xenbr0.
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Create Xen Virtual Machine
8.
When Install XenVM pane setup ok , click Install.
When installation completes, the Status indicator temporarily changes to Off while the
XenVM is started. In the History tab a Start XenVM message is displayed. In a moment
the Off Status changes to Initializing..., and then On.
9.
Click on the Text Console tab, and log in to the Xen Virtual Machine.

Note
When the Debian Sarge XenVM starts for the first time, you will be prompted to set a
vnc and root password.
Installing an operating system from a Network
In preparation for installing from vendor media, you need to make an exploded
network repository of your vendor media (not ISO images), exported via NFS,
HTTP or FTP accessible to the XenEnterprise Server.

Note: In this installation mode,only text mode is supported and mouse does not work.
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Create Xen Virtual Machine
1.
2.
Follow the steps described above in the section called “Installing a XenVM using XGT
Templates” except that in the Install XenVM dialog box, select Red Hat Enterprise Linux
4.1 Repository from the pulldown.In addition, if you want to use a kickstart file, add the
required information to the Boot Parameters field.
After clicking Install, the XenVM installation starts, and the Text Console for the
XenVM displays the first step of the installation script.
Choose the Language to use during the installation process and select OK.
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Create Xen Virtual Machine
3.
Select NFS Image, FTP, or HTTP from the Installation Method screen. Enter the IP
configuration for the machine. Either select Use dynamic IP configuration
(BOOTP/DHCP), or unselect it and edit the IP address, Netmask, Default gateway (IP),
and Primary nameserver.Select OK. (It will take several moments for a request for
DHCP configuration to return values and then proceed to the next screen.)
4.

Next you need to specify the HTTP, FTP, or NFS location of the installation media.
For NFS image, enter the name or IP address of your NFS server and the directory on
that server containing the Red Hat Enterprise Linux media.
For FTP, enter the name or IP address of your FTP server and the directory on that server
containing the Red Hat Enterprise Linux media. If the FTP server requires authentication,
also select Use non-anonymous ftp, then enter the account name and password you wish
to use on the next screen.
For HTTP, enter the name or IP address of your Web server and the directory on that
server containing the Red Hat Enterprise Linux media.


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Create Xen Virtual Machine
7.
The installer script will find the media and run Anaconda, the Red Hat installer.
8.
From this point on, follow the on-screen prompts just as you would to install on a
physical machine. Refer to the vendor operating system's installation guide for specific
details.
After making all your selections, the vendor installer formats the virtual disk and then
starts installing packages. This might take some time, just as with a traditional
installation onto a physical machine.After installing all packages, an Installation
completion message appears. Select Reboot to reboot the XenVM.
After rebooting, the XenVM comes up and presents the login prompt, and is ready to use.
9.
10.
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Create Xen Virtual Machine
Physical to Virtual Conversion (P2V)
P2V is the process by which an existing operating system on a physical server—its
filesystem, configuration, etc. — is cast into a virtualized instance of the same operating
system and filesystem,transferred, instantiated, and started as a XenVM on the
XenEnterprise Server. This is accomplished by booting from the XenEnterprise
installation CD and choosing the P2V option. The filesystem is copied across the
network via ssh onto a logical volume of the XenEnterprise Server and will then be
instantiated as a XenVM.
Note
 Because Xen is a paravirtualizing hypervisor, the operating system kernel itself must be
modified to run with Xen. Hence, only Linux distributions that are currently supported
can be made into a template using the P2V tool. Unmodified guests on a XenEnterprise
Server with Intel VT or AMD Pacifica extensions are not yet supported in XenEnterprise.
 XenVMs made using the P2V tool are configured with a root device that is allocated
150% of the space occupied in the root file system of the host it was captured from, with
a minimum size of 4GB and a maximum of 13GB. No swap device is automatically
created for these XenVMs.
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Create Xen Virtual Machine
To P2V an existing server to a XenEnterprise Server
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reboot the physical server that you want to convert and boot from the XenEnterprise
installation CD.
After the initial boot messages, you will see the "Welcome to XenEnterprise" screen. (In
this and the screens that follow, use Tab or Alt+Tab to move between elements, Space to
select, and F12 to move to the next screen.)Select OK to proceed.
The installer does some hardware detection and initialization, then presents a screen with
three choices. Select Convert existing OS on this machine to a XenVM (P2V) and choose
OK to proceed.
A "Welcome to XenEnterprise P2V" message is displayed next. Click OK to proceed.
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Create Xen Virtual Machine
5.
The next screen displays the installed Linux instances found on the local hard drive. If
there are multiple Linux instances present, select the desired one. Select OK to proceed.
6.
7.
Enter a description string, if desired. Select OK to proceed.
Enter the desired volume size. Select OK to proceed.
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Create Xen Virtual Machine
8.
You are prompted for the IP address or hostname of the target XenEnterprise Server.
Enter it and click OK to proceed.
Note
 You need manually press alt+F2 to setup nic ip address.Login as root.If you have dhcp
server,just type ifup eth0 and see if you get ip from console.If there is no dhcp server,use
ifconfig eth0 ip_address to setup ip manually.
 You can P2V OS image to a NFS server if you have one.You can install a P2Ved OS
image from NFS server later.After P2V to a NFS server,mount the NFS path to
/var/opt/xen/xgt_import.And use Install XenVM,you will find a new XGT template.Just
use it to install XenVM.
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Create Xen Virtual Machine
9.
Finally, you are prompted for the root password of the target XenEnterprise Server. Enter
it and click OK to proceed.
10.
The P2V operation commences, and a progress bar is displayed. This process can take
some time. As the process proceeds, the progress bar updates from time to time and
messages like "compressing root filesystem...", "calculating md5 sum...", and
"transferring root filesystem..." are displayed.When finished, a completion message is
displayed.Select OK to eject the CD and reboot the machine.
11.
If you selected XenEnterprise Machine above, there will be a new XenVM in the upper
pane of the Administrator Console connected to the XenEnterprise Server.
Cloning an existing XenVM:
Just select a stopped XenVM and right click on it,select Clone.
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Operate Xen Virtual Machine / XenEnterprise Server
XenVM commands
The commands for managing a XenVM are found in the toolbar when a XenVM
is selected in the upper pane, or the Tasks menu. Which buttons are shown
depends on the state of the XenVM.
toolbar buttons for a running XenVM toolbar buttons for a shut down XenVM
toolbar buttons for a suspended XenVM
XenEnterprise Server commands
The tools for managing XenEnterprise Servers are found in the toolbar when a
XenEnterprise Server is selected in the upper pane.
Toolbar buttons for a XenEnterprise Server
Extra operate command for
a running XenVM
Extra operate command for a
XenEnterprise Server (Right click on it)
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Operate Xen Virtual Machine / XenEnterprise Server
XenVM configuration
You can change Xen VM setting while a Xen VM is stop.At Overview lower
pane configuration,you can change cpu,memory,disk,and network interfaces.
Note
By default, XenVMs have their clocks synchronized to the XenEnterprise Server
that hosts them and will ignore requests to adjust the time made by an ntp
daemon if one is running. If you want a XenVM to have an independent clock,
log on to its Text Console and issue the command
echo 1 > /proc/sys/xen/independent_wallclock
then run an NTP daemon.
To revert to the default, issue the command
echo 0 > /proc/sys/xen/independent_wallclock
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XenEnterprise Price
XenEnterprise version:3.0.0 (#6140)
Socket:Real system cpu sockets
https://xensource.ltg.info/shop/productselection.aspx
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Question and
Answer
Thank You